Hyperprotein chow can increase perfusion and filtration of glomerulus,and so result in kidney hypertrophy and damage.Monocytes and macrophages are considered to be a characteristic of diabetic nephropathy(DN),and play a key role in the glomerular sclerotic lesions.At present,hyperprotein chow,infiltration of monocytes and macrophages and overproduction of intercellular adhension molecule-1(ICAM-1) are thought to be involved in the progression of DN.Hyperprotein chow resulting in hyperfiltration may be one of potential mechanisms of ICAM-1 upregulation.

MicroRNA (miRNA),a type of 22-25nt non-coding RNA,plays an important role in proliferation and apoptosis of the cardiomyocyte,as well as the pathogenesis of some common cardiovascular diseases.Recently,researches on circulating miRNA in cardiovascular disease draw more attentions.This review will focus on the application value of miRNA in cardiovascular disease,the characteristics of miRNA and its detection technology will be described as well.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.23.020

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate effect of calcium dobesilate on renal oxidative stress in type2diabetic rats.METHODS:30rats were divided into3groups of normal rats,diabetic rats,diabetic rats treated with calcium dobesi?late.Content of malonaldehyde(MDA)and activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)in the renal tissue were compared among the groups.In addition,blood glucose,serum creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)were measured;the renal tissue were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy.RESU_ LTS:Compared with untreated group,the level of BUN,Cr,renal MDA in calcium dobesilate treated group were significantly decreased,but the activity of renal SOD,GSH-PX were increased notably.In addition,the renal pathologic changes in calcium dobesilate treated group was also improved.CONCLUSION:Oxidative stress takes key point in the development of diabetic nephropathy,and antioxidation may be the possible mechanism of the neohroprotective action of calcium dobesilate.

Objective To study the protective effects of aspirin on renal lesions in diabetic rats.Methods The model of diabetic rats was induced by streptozotocin.The diabetic rats were treated with 10 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1) aspirin for 6 weeks.The urinary albumin excretion and creatinine clearance(Ccr) were tested.The expression of TGF-?1 in renal cortex of diabetic rats was determined by immunohistochemical staining.Results The Ccr was decreased in diabetic rats with the treatment of aspirin for 6 weeks and the urinary albumin excretion was not obviously decreased.The immunohistochemical staining of TGF-?1 in aspirin-treated group was significantly decreased than that of the control group(P

Aim To investigate the effect of pentoxifylline(PTX) on rat mesangial cells(MCs) proliferation and the expression of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) protein cultured in high glucose concentration. Methods The MCs were divided into 4 groups: ①normal glucose group(NG,5 mmol?L -1 D glucose),②high glucose group(HG, 30 mmol?L -1 D glucose),③HG+0 36 mmol?L -1 PTX,④HG+1 08 mmol?L -1 PTX. 72 hours later, the proliferation activity of mesangial cells was observed by MTT assay, the expression of CTGF protein was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with normal glucose group, high glucose significantly increased MCs proliferation activity and the expression of CTGF. PTX of different concentration suppressed the proliferation of the MCs and down regulated the expression of CTGF. Conclusion PTX can suppress the proliferation activity of MCs cultured in high glucose and decrease the expression of CTGF, which implies PTX probably decreases the accumulation of extracellular matrix(ECM) and slows the progression of glomerular hypertrophy and glomerulosclerosis in this way. Thus it demonstrates the protective effect of PTX in diabetic nephropathy(DN) from a new angle.

BACKGROUND: The p27, one of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in renal disease, regulates cell growth through affecting cellular events. Abundant evidence has suggested that p27 has great role in regulating re nal cell proliferation, hypertrophy, differentiation and apoptosis, etc. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of protein 27 expressions in renal tissue with cell proliferation and apoptosis. DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping design, control animal experi ment. SETTING: Nephrology Laboratory, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at Nephrology Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital and Micro-Pathology Center in Tongji Medical College from September 2004 to January 2005. A total of 48 adult male SD rats were enrolled, all belonged to cleaning grade. METHODS: ①Establishing diabetic models: diabetic rat models were es tablished with streptozotocin, 60 mg/Kg, given through intraperitoneal in. Jection in the experimental group. Blood glucose and urine glucose from caudal vein were measured after 48 hours. Animals in experimental group whose random serum glucose at least 16.7 mmol/L and urine glucose ()- ()-() were regarded as successful models. ②Six rats in experimental group and the control group, respectively were sacrificed in the experimental pe riod of the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days. Before sacrificed, creatinine clearance (Ccr) was measured. Concentration of Retinal binding protein (Rbp) in urine was measured. Proteinuric elements were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrlamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). ③Renal tissues were observed pathologic changes through light microscopy and electronic mi croscopy. ④Expression of p27 and proliferation cellnuclear antigen (PC NA) were detected by immunohistochemical staining method, and apoptosis was determined by Terminal deoxynucleotidy 1 transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). We use positive glomerular cells / total glomerular cells to present positive rate and apoptosis rate. ⑤The data were analyzed for statistically significant group difference using unpaired t test and Spearman correlative-analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Renal function, urine protein, p27 ex pression in glomerular cells, positive rate and apoptosis rate of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and compared with the control group. RESULTS: Totally 48 rats were involved in the result analysis. ①Changes of pathology: At the 7th day after establishing models, glomerular hypertro phy was found through light microscopy and focal fusion of epithelial foot processes through electron microscopy. At the 14th day, mesangial region, which kept expanding through electronic microscopy, was seen under electron microscope. At the 28th day, slight segmental hypercellularity be gan to show in light microscopy. ②Ccr and Rbp levels of diabetic rats were higher significantly than those in the control group at the 7th, 14th and 28th days (t=2.143-3.004,P ＜ 0.05 ). The results of SDS-PAGE showed that middle and low molecular protein could be observed in every group from the 3rd day. ③The level of p27 expression in glomerular cells were lower obviously at the 3rd day(t=2.536,P ＜ 0.05), but higher at the 7th, 14th and 28th days in diabetic rats, which was higher remarkably than that in the control group (t=2.704-2.823,P ＜ 0.05). The number of PCNA positive cell in diabetic glomerulus became the largest at the 3rd day, then decreased continuously, it was still higher than that in the control group at the 7th dan 14th days (t=2.681,2.525,P ＜ 0.05), but became normal at day 28. The number of TUNEL positive cells in glomerulus also increased significantly at the 3rd day (t=2.764,P ＜ 0.05), but it was smaller than that in the control group at the 7th, 14th and 28th days(t=2.096-2.627,P ＜ 0.05). ④The level of p27 expression and the number of PCNA positive cells in glomerulus were negative correlated (r=-0.446, P ＜ 0.05). The level of p27 expression and the number of TUNEL positive cells in glomerulus were also negative correlated (r=-0.517, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Functional impairment of reabsorption induced by proximal convoluted renal tubule and high filtering of glomerulus in early diabetics occurs synchronously. Protein p27 may be participated in the occurring and developing of diabetic nephropathy by checking of proliferation and apoptosis of renal cell in the early stage of diabetes.

OBJECTIVE:To observe and probe into the effects and mechanism of action of calcium dobesilate on the con?tents of vasoactive substances in the remnant kidneys of rats with chronic renal failure.METHODS:The rats were randomly divided into sham operation,model and calcium dobesilate therapy group.Except the sham operation group,the rest two groups underwent nephrectomy and were established as chronic renal failure models.One week later either drink water or calcium dobesilate were irrigated into the stomachs of the rats in all three groups.And the effects of calcium dobesilate on renal function,contents of part vasoactive substances and the renal pathological changes of remnant kidney were examined.RESULTS:In calcium dobesilate therapy group,urine protein decreased,and the renal function improved,as compared with the model group.The contents of Thromboxane A 2 in the renal cortex significantly decreased and the pathological changes of remnant kidney lessen significantly.CONCLUSIONS:Calcium dobesilate may protect kidney by decreasing the content of Thromboxane A 2 in the remnant kidney.

Stem cells transplantation has shown bright prospect in clinic myocardial infarction therapy.The researchon its mechanisms has experienced several stages,such as: cell differentiation,angiogenesis et al,which offered us a new clue for therapy.This review focuses on mechanisms of stem cells transplantation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between nutcracker syndrome (NCS) and glomerular disease of patients with hematuria and/or proteinuria. Methods To analysis clinical and pathological data of 39 patients with NCS complicated glomerular nephritis. Ultrasonic examination, 24h urinary protein quantization, urine routine, urinary sediment examination and urinary protein electrophoresis were used in all patients .Among them,30 patients accepted renal biopsy. Results Among the 39 patients, hematuria and/or proteinuria were aggravated in most of them after exercise. Multiformity was manifested by renal biopsy. Definite diagnosis can be made through clinical, laboratory examination and renal biopsy. Conclusions NCS could coexist with glomerular disease. NCS patients with hematuria and/or proteinuria should be carried out renal biopsy when needed whether coexisted with glomerular nephritis or not.