BACKGROUND:Deep venous thrombosis is one of the most common and dangerous complication. There wil be serious consequences for failing to prevent deep venous thrombosis in advance, so we need to evaluate the risk factors of deep venous thrombosis. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical risk factors for lower limb deep vein thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty. METHODS:Data of 162 patients who were treated from January 2010 to February 2013 in Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University for total hip arthroplasty were analyzed retrospectively. Al patients received ultrasonography on deep veins of lower limb preoperatively and postoperatively 3 and 7 days. Risk factors of deep venous thrombosis were analyzed using Logistic regression analysis in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The selected factors for Logistic regression model contained bone cement prosthesis, age distribution, body mass index, and general anesthesia. Their OR values were 9.215, 11.247, 3.842, 4.825, respectively. They were risk factors for the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis. Above results indicated that use of bone cement prosthesis, age, body mass index>25 kg/m2 and general anesthesia are risk factors for deep venous thrombosis after total hip replacement, so they should cause clinical attention and we should take active measures to prevent them.

Medical parasitology education has been facing some difficulties because it is a course of wide range lacking clini?cal cases and concerned specimens of parasites currently. In addition its relationship with life is not closely enough. All these reasons may impact the effect of class education negatively. Therefore it is important to increase the vitality of parasitology edu?cation and diversify the instructional mode by using the resources from Internet. In recent years the Discovery Channel has up?loaded a documentary Monsters Inside Me online. This documentary is high professional and closely linked with parasitology. It maintains numbers of clinical cases about parasitic diseases. Each episode is about 3 minutes and shortly enough to be intro?duced into class teaching. However this resource has not been fully used in domestic temporally. We found that direct introduc?tion of the documentary into class teaching can enrich teaching forms to attract learning interest of students and finally improve the teaching effect of class. Above that another popular documentary A Bite of China involves many related knowledge points of parasitology. The appropriate usage of the knowledge can build up close linkage between book and life which is extremely help?ful to give students a deep impression of parasitology. In brief it is our strong recommendation to introduce the documentary Monsters Inside Me into class.

Objective To investigate the intervention of chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) antagonist AMD3100 in lung tissues of rats during pulmonary oxygen intoxication.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal pressure air PBS group, normal pressure air antagonist group , oxygen exposure PBS group and oxygen exposure antagonist group, each consisting of 10 animals.The last two groups were compressed to 0.23 MPa at an exponential rate of 0.1 MPa/min by pure oxygen.Pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin eosin stain.Changes in TNF-αand IL-1βexpression levels in the lung tissues of rats were detected by ELISA.Changes in CXCR4 expression levels were ob-served by Western blotting.Results Pathological examination indicated that edema and hemorrhage in the alveolar and pulmonary interstitial tissue of oxygen exposure antagonist group were lighter than in oxygen exposure PBS group.The levels of TNF-α, IL-1βand cleaved-caspase-3 in the lung tissues of the oxygen exposure antagonist group were lower than in oxy-gen exposure PBS group.Conclusion Blocking CXCR4 with AMD3100 can effectively alleviate lung injury during pulmo-nary oxygen intoxication.

Objective To investigate the value of integrin αvβ3 targeted microSPECT/CT imaging with 99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 as a radiotracer in tumor anti-angiogenesis therapy .Methods Animal models bearing glioma and prostate cancer xenografts were established by subcutaneously injecting tumor cells U87MG and PC-3 in nude mice.Anti-angiogensis therapy with Avastin was administered via intraperitoneal injection when the tumor diameter reached 6 to 7 mm while saline was served as control group . MicroSPECT/CT imaging was performed with 99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 as radiotracer one day before and 3, 5, 10, 15 days after Avastin administration .Tumor volume and tumor uptake of 99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 , expressed as percentage of injected dose (%ID) or %ID per gram (%ID/g) were measured and calculated based on microSPECT/CT.Mice basic condition was monitored and tumor xenograft was harvested in one tumor bearing nude mouse after its sacrifice at each imaging time point .Results Tumor volume of U87MG glioma in the administration group was significantly smaller than that of non-administration control group at 10 d after Avastin adminstration ( t=5.81, P<0.05), while no significance was observed between the administration group and its control group of PC-3 tumor (P >0.05).The uptake of 99Tcm-3P4-RGD2 (%ID/g) in U87MG group was higher than that in PC-3 group before Avastin administration ( t=10.48, P<0.05), and it decreased to a value less than control ( t =3.26, P <0.05) at 3 d after Avastin administration and continually reduced at longer time after administration .PC-3 tumor had less uptake of 99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 in both Avastin administration group and its control group .The pathologic results revealed on that the decrease of tumor integrin β3 expression in U87MG treatment group was mainly on the endothelial cells of the neovessel .Linear relationship was verified between tumor uptake (%ID/g ) and integrin β3 expression (y=0.499 1x-0.243 8, R2 =0.811 7).Conclusions Complete inhibition of integrin is demonstrated early after Avastin administration .99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 microSPECT/CT imaging, assessing the expression level of integrin αvβ3 level by quantification of tumor uptake of 99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 , is probably an important method to reflect the early therapeutic effect of tumor anti -angiogensis .

Transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily is a superfamily of cation channels that can be divided into seven subfamilies. TRPM2 is the second member of the TRPM subfamily, which includes eight members, namely TRPM1-8. TRPM2 is widely expressed in excitable and non-excitable cells, where it forms a Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel and performs diverse cellular functions. TRPM2 channels are activated by ADP-ribose (ADPR), Ca(2+), H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is established that TRPM2 serves as a cellular sensor for oxidative stress, mediating oxidative stress-induced [Ca(2+)]i increase and contributing to pathological processes in many cell types. Accumulating evidence has indicated that TRPM2 is a potential therapeutic target for oxidative stress-related diseases. This review will highlight recent progress in this field.
Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose ; metabolism ; Calcium ; physiology ; Calcium Channels ; physiology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; TRPM Cation Channels ; physiology

Objective To assess the role of 68Ga-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl) ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid(HBED-CC)-(Ahx)Lys-CO-Glu(PSMA-11) PET/CT on the detection of metastatic lesions from castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).Methods Sixteen patients with CRPC who underwent 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT between January 2015 and November 2015 were recruited in this study.Mean age of patients was (72±9) years.The PSA levels were 4-12 356 μg/L, Gleason score was 7-10.PET/CT was performed at 1 h postinjection of 68Ga-PSMA-11.Patient-based analysis and lesion-based analysis were performed.ROI analysis was used to calculate the tumor uptake (SUVmax).Final diagnosis was based on histopathology and results of other imaging examinations(99Tcm-MDP imaging, MRI).χ2 test was used to compare the diagnostic efficiencies of PET and CT.Results No adverse effects were observed in patients.68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT showed moderate physiologic uptake in salivary glands and proximal small intestine, with predominant tracer clearance by the kidneys.All patients were positive on 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT.Bone metastasis was found in 16 patients, liver metastasis in 2 patients (5 lesions), and lymph node metastasis in 4 patients (26 lesions).The SUVmax of liver, lymph node and bone metastases were 15.06±2.77, 7.54±5.20, 19.01±16.96, respectively.The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy on bone metastasis with 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET and CT were 96.30%(52/54) vs 61.11%(33/54), 3/3 vs 1/3, 96.49%(55/57) vs 59.65%(34/57).The sensitivities and accuracies of the two modalities were significantly different(χ2=19.943, 22.593, both P<0.01).Conclusions 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT could precisely detect both primary and metastatic lesions of CRPC, suggesting that it is of great value for the clinical management and treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing G3 NEN and compare it with 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT.Methods Twenty-three patients (12 males,11 females;average age (63± 12) years) diagnosed of NEN between January 2006 and November 2016 were retrospectively recruited in this study:11 patients with gastroenteropancreatic NEN (GEP-NEN),10 with G3 NEN in lungs,1 with malignant pheochromocytoma and 1 with G3 NEN of unknown primary site.All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging and evaluation of biological behavior,and 9 of them also underwent 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT within 1 week.Image interpretation was analyzed by visual and semi-quantitative analysis,and SUVmax was calculated.Results All 23 cases showed positive results on 18F-FDG PET/CT (100％,23/23),with primary tumor SUVmax 10.56±3.94.Compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT,the positive detection rate of 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT was lower (6/9 vs 9/9),with primary tumor SUVmax 14.24± 10.00.There were 22 patients with distant metastasis.The most frequent metastatic sites associated with G3 NEN in lungs were lymph nodes and bones,while those with GEP-NEN were lymph nodes and the liver.In one patient with non-functional NEN,some metastatic lesions showed negative results on 18F-FDG PET/CT but positive results on 68 Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT.Conclusions 18 F-FDG PET/CT has higher diagnostic ability for G3 NEN and may serve as a useful tool for evaluating biological behavior of G3 NEN.68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT is valuable as a complementary diagnostic tool in a small proportion of high differentiated G3 NEN.

Medicinal animals are important part of Traditional Chinese medicine resources in China. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was selected as the standard DNA barcoding sequence for animal medical materials. In this study, the 51 animal species from 45 animal medical materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were selected and the intra-specific variation and the inter-specific divergence, the barcoding gap, the identification efficiency of their COI sequences were analyzed. The results showed that the inter-specific divergence is higher than intra-specific distance. The barcoding gap existed between inter-specific sequence divergence and intra-specific dis-tance. The identification efficiencies were 100% both at the genus and species level except the Arthropoda. The cluster dendrogram exhibited that different species distinguished from others. Therefore, COI sequence as a bar-code is suitable to identify the species of animal medical materials in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are neoplasms presenting unpredictable and unusual biologic behavior that causes many clinical challenges. NETs can produce a variety of metabolically active substances (hormones and amines) leading to distinct clinical syndromes. This review will discuss the imaging techniques for the diagnosis of GEP-NETs including ultrasonography, CT, MRI and ultrasound endoscope. In this article, Gallium-68 labeled peptide binding to G protein coupled receptor including SSTR, CCKR1 and GLP1R is addressed, and the application of Gallium-68 labeled somatostin analogues and PET-CT for diagnosis of GEP-NETs is evaluated. In conclusion, Gallium-68 labeled peptide and molecular imaging will play important roles in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategy development of GEP-NETs.
Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Gallium Radioisotopes ; chemistry ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; diagnosis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; chemistry ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

The DNA barcoding of traditional Chinese medicine was summarized in this article. Based on analyzing a number of research findings, the authors discussed the possibility of nuclear DNA sequence and chloroplast genes in identifying medicinal materials. ITS was considered to evolve faster, which was used for plant molecular systematics analysis and species identification,while ITS2 was more suitable to identify medicinal materials. So, it is important that we should select suitable DNA sequences as barcodes based on the objective of a study. With the cost reduction of sequencing, identifying medicinal materials by cp-genome barcoding would be applied broadly and effectively in the future.
DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; Genes, Chloroplast ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics