To summarize the accumulated successful experiences, defeated cases and lessons the recent year’s clinical studies, works and experiences of hip prosthesis combining the relevant status abroad and to analyze some questions such as the operations are not standardized; the indications are not strict; overemphasizing the navigation and mini-invasion; clinical techniques are irregular, and the patients should be educated, and so on. The above questions influence the good development of the Chinese joint prosthesis and reduce the clinical outcomes of the joint prosthesis. Taken together, these questions should be concerned and resolved. Relevant solutions are discussed.

A novel subtype of influenza A virus 09H1N1 has rapidly spread across the world. Evolutionary analyses of this virus have revealed that 09H1N1 is a triple reassortant of segments from swine, avian and human influenza viruses. In this study, we investigated factors shaping the codon usage bias of 09H1N1 and carried out cluster analysis of 60 strains of influenza A virus from different subtypes based on their codon usage bias. We discovered that more preferentially used codons of 09H1N1 are A-ended or U-ended, and the intra-genomic codon usage bias of 09H1N1 is quite low. Base composition constraint, dinucleotide biases and translational selection are the main factors influencing the codon usage bias of 09H1N1. At the genome level, we find that the codon usage bias of 09H1N1 is similar to H1N1 (A/swine/Kansas/77778/2007H1N1), H9N2 from Asia, H1N2 from Asia and North America and H3N2 from North America. Our results provide insight for understanding the processes governing evolution, regulation of gene expression, and revealing the evolution of 09H1N1.

Objective: To investigate the effects of hinokitiol on the proliferative inhibition and apoptosis induction in human clear cell renal cancer 786-O cells. Methods:CCK-8 assays were performed to analyze the effects of hinokitiol on the proliferation of 786-O cells. The apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry. EGFP-LC3 microscopy assays were performed to assess the autoph-agy flux. Cleaved Caspase-3, LC3, and P62 were detected by Western blot. Results: Hinokitiol could inhibit the proliferation of the 786-O cells and could induce cell apoptosis via Caspase pathway. Hinokitiol induced the autophagy of 786-O cells, increased LC3 ex-pression, and downregulated P62 expression. Conclusion: Hinokitiol can inhibit the proliferation of 786-O cells and can induce cell apoptosis via autophagy induction.

With thousands of sequenced 16 S rRNA genes available,and advancements in oligonucleotide microarray technology,the detection of microorganisms in microbial communities consisting of hundreds of species may be possible.The existing algorithms developed for sequence-specific probe design are not suitable for applications in large-scale bacteria detection due to the lack of coverage,flexibility and efficiency.Many other strategies developed for group-specific probe design focus on how to find a unique group-specific probe that can specifically detect all target sequences of a group.Unique group-specific probe for each group can not always be found.Hence,it is necessary to design non-unique probes.Each probe can specifically detect target sequences of a different subgroup.Combination of multiple probes can achieve higher coverage.However,it is a time-consuming task to evaluate all possible combinations.A feasible algorithm using relative entropy and genetic algorithm (GA) to design group-specific non-unique probes was presented.

Structural modifications were performed with natural product of oleanolic acid to search for novel anticancer drugs. Ten oleanolic acid derivatives were designed and obtained by the reaction of oxidation, acylation or hydrolyzation, etc. The cytotoxic activity of derivatives was evaluated against HeLa, HepG2 and BGC-823 cells in vitro by MTT assay, gefitinib and etoposide used as a positive control. The results showed that compound 5a was particularly active to inhibit HepG2 cells growth, and anti-tumor activity of compound 7 on HeLa cells was significantly stronger than oleanolic acid. They are worthy to be studied further.

Objective To explore the role of the DACT2 gene in the occurrence and development of renal cell carcinoma(RCC).Methods The samples of RCC tissues and corresponding tumor-adjacent tissues after radical operation and normal kidney tissues were collected.The methylation specific PCR (MSP) and real time fluorescence reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) methods were adopted to detect the methylation status and mRNA expression of DACT2.The streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) method labeled by immunohistochemistry peroxidase was used to examine the expression of β-catenin protein.Then the relationship between DACT2 gene methylation status and mRNA expression with the clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed.The relationship between DACT2 gene methylation with mRNA and β-catenin expression was analysed,as well.Results The DACT2 mRNA relative expression level in RCC tissues was 0.427±0.025,which was significantly lower than (0.801±0.047) in tumor-adjacent tissues and (0.872±0.022) in normal tissue,the positive rate of DACT2 gene methylation in RCC tissues was 45.76%,which was significantly higher than 6.78% in tumor-adjacent tissues and 5.08% in normal tissues,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05),while the difference between tumor-adjacent tissues and normal tissues had no statistical significance (P>0.05).The DACT2 gene mRNA expression level in RCC tissues and promoter area methylation occurrence rate had no obvious correlation with the clinical data such as patients age,gender,tumor size,clinical stage and Fuhrman grade (P>0.05).The DACT2 gene mRNA relative level in the methylation group was lower than that in the non-methylation group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The expression rate of β-catenin protein in cytoplasma in RCC tissues was higher than that in the tumor-adjacent tissues and normal tissues,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05),moreover,DACT2 gen methylation had a positive correlation with β-catenin protein expression (r=0.324,P=0.012).Conclusion The decrease of DACT2 gene promoter area methylation and mRNA relative expression level may participate in the RCC occurrence,but has no relationship with RCC clinical progression.Methylation occurred in DACT2 gene promoter area may be one of reasons causing mRNA relative expression decrase.DACT2 gene methylation occurrence in RCC tissue might be related to the high expression of β-catenin.

Objective: To investigate the effect of exposure to particulate matter ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀) on sperm quality in different stages of sperm development. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1 827 patients attending the reproductive medicine center in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University during April 2013 to January 2015. Air pollution data from January 2013 to January 2015 was obtained from the database of Wuhan Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. The generalized linear model was employed to assess the association between each exposure variables and sperm parameters for several exposure windows (0-9, 10-14, 15-69, 70-90, 0-90 days before sampling) . Results: The average levels of PM₁₀ was (116.2±71.6) μg/m³ during the research period. Sperm volume was (75.4±49.1) ×10⁶/ml in sample population, (29.4±16.2) % in progressive motility and (51.8±21.6) % in total motility. Exposure to PM₁₀ was inversely associated with sperm concentration (β:-0.319; 95%CI:-0.529,-0.046) during 70-90 lag days. PM₁₀ exposure during the 0-90 lag days was significantly associated with progressive motility (β:-0.312; 95%CI:-0.527,-0.097) and total motility (β:-0.347; 95%CI:-0.636,-0.059) after adjusted for age, education level, BMI, smoking, abstinence time, temperature, humidity and season. Conclusion Exposure to PM₁₀ was associated with statistically significant decrements in sperm concentration and motility, and the adverse impact on sperm concentration was significantly in early phases of spermatogenesis.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of exposure to ozone (O₃) on sperm quality during different stages of spermatogenesis. Methods: All 1 780 subjects attending to the Reproductive Medicine Center in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were recruited from April, 4, 2013 to June, 30, 2015. The subjects were living in Wuhan more than 3 months before attending to the program, aged 20 to 40 years. Semen quality (sperm concentration and sperm count) were measured according to standardized protocols. Corresponding daily 8 hours average concentration of O₃, other polluted concentration, average temperature and relative humidity were collected in different time, including lag 0, 10, 70 and 90 d, and lag 0-9 d, lag 10-14 d, lag 70-90 d and lag 0-90 d. After controlling the age, BMI, education level and other confounders, generalized linear Model was used to investigate the association between O₃ and sperm quality during different stages of spermatogenesis. Results: Average daily concentration of O₃ during the study period was (114.20±74.88) μg/m³ and the mean values of sperm concentration and count were (76.32±50.17) millions/ml and (164.77 ± 133.05) millions/sample, respectively. Exposure to O₃ was associated with decreasing sperm concentration and count. For every 1 μg/m³ increase of O₃, the decrease of sperm concentration during lag 10, lag 0-9 and lag 10-14 days exposure windows were 0.040 (95%CI: 0.004-0.077) millions/ml, 0.081 (95% CI: 0.003-0.158) millions/ml and 0.059 (95% CI: 0.001-0.116) millions/ml, respectively. And the decrease of sperm count during lag 10, lag 0-9 days exposure windows were 0.105 (95%CI: 0.008-0.202) millions/sample and 0.221 (95% CI: 0.016-0.426) millions/sample. After stratification, in the ozone concentration ₅₀ and ≥P₅₀ groups, and the number of subjects in each exposure windows (lag 0-9, lag 10-14, lag 70-90, lag 0-90 days) were 887 and 893, 890 and 890, 895 and 885, 889 and 891, respectively. Compared with the high ozone concentration group, the effects of low group were more obvious. Furthermore, the effects of low concentration group was the most obvious during lag 10-14 days, for every 1 μg/m³ increase of O₃, the decrease of sperm concentration was 0.249 (95% CI: 0.028-0.470) millions/ml. After sensitivity analysis, the effects of exposure to ozone on sperm concentration and sperm count remained relatively unchanged. Conclusion Our study suggested that exposure to O₃ was significantly associated with decreasing semen quality in Wuhan. Moreover, the effects were more obvious during lag 0-9 and lag 10-14 days.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of peripheral blood cytokine models on organ functional impairment after chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T) cell therapy in children with B-lineage lymphocytic leukemia.Methods:The clinical data of 44 children with acute B-lineage lymphoblastic leukemia who received CAR-T cell therapy at Children′s Hospital of Soochow University from September 2018 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Peripheral blood cytokines, including interleukin(IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon(IFN)-γ and IL-17A, were measured daily for 14 days after receiving CAR-T cell therapy.The trend of peripheral blood cytokine levels was analyzed at the endpoint of organ function recovery or death within 14 days after CAR-T cell treatment.Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to establish a mathematical prediction model to predict the occurrence of organ damage in the children.Results:Of the 44 children, 31 cases were boys and 13 cases were girls, with a median age of 7.96 (5.19, 11.48)years.Cytokine release syndrome(CRS) response occurred in 95.5% (42/44) children, with 88.1% (37/42) had a grade 1-3 CRS response, and 16.7% (7/42) had a severe grade 4-5 CRS response.Using IL-6>3 892.95 pg/mL as cut-off value, the area under the curve(AUC) for predicting acute respiratory failure was 0.818, with a sensitivity of 0.8 and a specificity of 0.735, while combining IFN-γ>414.4 pg/mL, IL-6>3 892.95 pg/mL and IL-2>27.05 pg/mL were the three cut-off values, with an AUC of 0.741, sensitivity of 0.6 and specificity of 0.912 for predicting acute respiratory failure. Using IFN-γ>1 699.5 pg/mL as cut-off value, the AUC for predicting shock was 0.908, with a sensitivity of 0.722 and a specificity of 1.With IL-6>4 607.3 pg/mL as cut-off value, the AUC for predicting liver injury was 0.964, with a sensitivity of 1 and a specificity of 0.906, while combining both IL-6>4 607.3 pg/mL and IFN-γ>1 446.2 pg/mL as cut-off values, the AUC for predicting liver injury was 0.977, with a sensitivity of 1 and a specificity of 0.906.Combining both IL-6>6 972.2 pg/mL and IFN-γ>3 981.5 pg/mL predicted a positive predictive value of 62.5% and a negative predictive value of 94.4% for grade 4-5 CRS response, with an AUC of 0.846, a predictive sensitivity of 0.714 and a specificity of 0.838, and all children had a combination of two or more organ function injuries.Conclusion:The combination of IL-6 and IFN-γ can effectively predict the incidence of liver injury and cytokine release syndrome.The combination of peripheral blood cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-2 can be used to predict the incidence of acute respiratory failure after the treatment of CAR-T cells in children with acute B-lineage lymphoblastic leukaemia.IFN-γ single index can be used to predict the incidence of shock.The combination of IL-6 and IFN-γ can be used to predict the incidence of liver injury and the severity of CRS.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of pitavastatin comparison of atorvastatin in the treatment of primary hypedipemia in Chinese adults,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinic.METHODS:Retrieved from The Cochrane Library,PubMed,Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Wanfang database,and manually search Google Scholar,Baidu academic search engine,randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about pitavastatin (trial group) vs.atorvastatin (control group) in the treatment of primary hyperlipemia in Chinese adults were collected.After literature screening,data extraction,quality evaluation of included studies with modified Jadad scale,Meta-analysis of the levels of total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),response rate and the incidence of ADR was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software.RESULTS:A total of 5 RCTs were included,involving 456 patients.Results of Meta-analysis showed that the decrease of TC level [MD=0.09,95％CI(0.01,0.16),P=0.03] in trial group was more better than control group,while the increase of HDL-C level [MD=0.08,95％ CI (0.01,0.14),P=0.03] and the decrease of the TG level [MD=-0.13,95％ CI (-0.20,-0.06),P=0.000 4] in trial group were worse than control group,with statistical significance.There was no statistical difference in the decrease of LDL-C[MD=-0.01,95％ CI (-0.13,0.10),P=0.84],response rate [OR=0.75,95％CI (0.15,3.66),P=0.72] or the incidence of ADR [OR=0.68,95 ％ CI (0.44,1.05),P=0.08] between 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Pitavastatin has better therapeutic efficacy in decreasing TC,but its therapeutic efficacy in decreasing LDL-C is similar to that of atorvastatin;its therapeutic efficacy in decreasing TG and increasing HDL-C is worse than that of atorvastatin.The safety of them is equivalent.