Objective To carry out the risk assessment on health effects of viruses in reused wastewater in city.Methods During May-November in2002,the concentration of total coliform and fecal coliform in water sample s collected from waste water after secondary treatment of wastewater treatment plant and reused waste water treated by conventional wastewater-reuse technical process in Xian Baishiqiao Wastewater Treatmen t Center were determined,and the hypothesis testing on the normal distribution of monitoring data was carried out.Meanwhile the removal efficacy of coliform in wastewater with chlorine disinfection was ob-served.The beta-Possion model,the model for evaluating the infection probability of pathogenic microorganism in drinking water,and Monte Carlo simulated method were used for the risk assessment on health effects of viruses in reused wastewater in city.Re sults The monitoring data on concentrations of fecal coliform in water samples collected from secondarily treated wastewater and reused wastewater showed log-normal distribution.The removal efficacies of coliform from wastewater were4log at condi-tions of7mg /L chlorine and20-minute contact time,and5log at conditions of15mg /L chlorine and20-minutes-contact time.The means of annual risk value of health effects of viruses in reused wastewater were1.21?10 -6 for the reuse of wastewater in greening and4.31?10 -8 for the reuse in irrigation of farmland respectively,the highest risk values for these two reuse methods were all below10 -4 ,the acceptable annual risk value for drinking water ruled by Surface Water Treatment Rules published by USEPA.The probability of annual risk value

In addition to Routine Remedy for Angina Pectoris for all the patients. Refined Xue Fu Capsules and Xue Fu Capsules were prescribed for the first group (N = 30) and the second group (N = 34). The third group (N = 27) received only routine remedy as control in this single - blinded clinical trial. The total effective rate in these three groups were 96. 6%, 73. 5% and 70. 4%. The effect in the first group was significantly higher than the rest two groups (P

Objective To establish the improved MPN quantitative detection method of Salmonella in treated wastewater.Methods The filtration method and improved MPN method were adopted to quantitatively detect Salmonella in treated wastewater.In the filtration method,separation effect of Salmonella was investigated by using three selective agar which including XLD,HE and BS,respectively.It was established that the improved MPN method in which PCR was used instead of the biochemical tests and serological identification to identify Salmonella.In the improved MPN method,the enrichment effect was researched by using SC,MM and TTB enriched broth in different time and temperature.Results In the filtration method,the Salmonella could not be counted accurately by the three kinds of selective agar.In the improved MPN method the optimized enrichment effect was determined as using MM enriched broth at 42℃ for 24 hours.Conclusion The improved MPN method is accurate,sensitive,quick and applicable to the quantitative detection of Salmonella in treated wastewater.

Objective To explore the correlation of high-risk type HPV infection with mycoplasma,chlamydia infection in sterile female patients.Methods The cervical specimens from 524 sterile female patients in northwest area were performed the laboratory detection of high-risk type HPV,mycoplasma and chlamydia.The correlation among these 3 kinds of pathogen was analyzed.Results In 524 sterile female patients,the sequence of the infection rate of 3 kinds of pathogen from high to low was mycoplasma,high-risk type HPV and chlamydia.The positive rate of high-risk type HPV in the patients with simple mycoplasma positive,simple chlamydia positive and double positive of mycoplasma and chlamydia was significantly higher than that in the patients with myco-plasma and chlamydia negative,the difference had statistical significance(P <0.05).Conclusion Certain correlation exists between the high-risk type HPV infection with mycoplasma and the chlamydia infection in sterile female patients.So it is suggested that in the pathogenic microbiological detection,such patients in clinic need to simultaneously perform the high-risk type HPV detection in addition to completing the laboratory detection of mycoplasma and chlamydia.

BACKGROUND:Central nerve damage and peripheral nerve injury are common clinical problems that have no ideal treatment. Nerve growth factor has an important role in neuronal repairing and growth. But its local injections may have shorts of inactivation and loss. OBJECTIVE:To construct human nerve growth factor beta recombinant plasmids, which are transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from the rabbit mandible by lentiviral vectors, and to investigate the bioactivity of human nerve growth factor beta. METHODS:pDC316-hNGFβ-mCMV-EGFP plasmids were constructed via lentiviral vectors using Hind III+Not I digestion. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from the rabbit mandible were isolated and cultured, and then transfected by recombinant plasmids. The expression of human nerve growth factor beta in transfected cells was detected by ELISA method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:pDC316-hNGFβ-mCMV-EGFP plasmids were proved to be constructed successful y by gene sequencing and enzyme identification. The transfected cells under a fluorescence microscope emitted green fluorescence, and the fluorescence intensity had no change with incubation time. The expression of human nerve growth factor beta was maintained at a level of 25μg/L at 7 days after celltransfection, and the bioacitivty was increased significnalty.

Objective To explore the methods and results of the application of formative assessment in gynecology and obstetrics nursing teaching.Methods In the gynecology and obstetrics nursing teaching practice,556 undergraduate students in Grade 2011 were set as experimental group while 339 students in Grade 2010 as control group.Based on the teaching syllabus,in the experimental group,traditional lecture and bilingual teaching method were applied in theory courses and PBL or PBL combined with Scene simulation were applied in practice lessons.And after the teaching,formative assessment was applied in the experimental group,which included setting up small study groups and learning files,giving evaluation to students' participation in class activities,written assignments,operation exams,attendance to classes and their in-class test results.In the evaluation of a student,the results of formative assessment took a proportion of 50％ and the final exam result took the other half.While in the control group,traditional summative assessment was applied,namely,results of the final exams were the terminal results of students.Results Gynecology and obstetrics nursing got the first prize in the Final-term Assessment of Teaching Efficiency of the Nursing School.When comparing the results of the final exam of the students in the experimental group and the control group,there was statistically difference(P=0.000),and 86％ of the students in the experimental group were in favor of formative assessment.Conclusion When applied in gynecology and obstetrics nursing teaching in undergraduate students,formative assessment can help teachers adjust teaching methods to improve the effectiveness of teaching; it can also make students more motivated in learning and help students form good learning habits and improve their learning strategies,which can improve students' comprehensive quality.

Aim To investigate the effect of salidroside on the phenotypic expression of osteoblast and the possible molecular mechanism in hypoxia environment.Methods MTT, Annexin V/PI double staining, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity assay and enzyme-linked immnosorbent assay(ELISA) were performed respectively to detect the effect of salidroside on regulating phenotypic expression of MG-63 cells exposed to hypoxia.Then RT-PCR and Western blot were conducted to detect the expression levels of Osterix and Runx2 which were related to differentiation.At last, we investigated the expression levels of components of the HIF-1α pathway by RT-PCR,Western blot and ELISA, respectively.Immunofluorescence confocal microscope technology and luciferase reporter assay were performed to explore nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α.Results Salidroside could markedly promote MG-63 cell proliferation, inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis, stimulate cell differentiation and promote expression levels of components of the HIF-1α pathway in hypoxia environment.Conclusion Salidroside could regulate phenotypic expression of MG-63 cells through HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in hypoxia environment.

BACKGROUND:Distraction osteogenesis is one of the most important tissue engineering technologies. However, the exact signaling pathway controling mesenchymal stem cel-osteoblast lineage (MSC-OB) migration during distraction osteogenesis has not yet been elucidated. More efforts should be paid to make a ful understanding of the mechanism on MSC-OB lineage migration, which can improve the clinical efficacy of distraction osteogenesis.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of mechanical stretch on the ability of MSC-OB mobility and expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway as wel as matrix metaloproteinases (MMPs) in MSC-OB, and to make clear the mechanism by which controls MSC-OB migration during distraction osteogenesis.
METHODS:Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: experimental group (n=6), anin vivo rat mandibular distraction osteogenesis model was established on the right side of rats; non-stretch group (n=6), only the mandibular resection was done but with no distraction osteogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect phosphorylated mTOR expression in new osteotylus at 15 days after operation. In addition, an in vitro cel stretch model was made in the mandibular mesenchymal stem cels from healthy Sprague-Dawley rats under resting tension force (6%, 4 hours); no distraction was done in control group. The ability of MSC-OB mobility, the expression of mTOR, Raptor, p70S6K and MMPs were evaluated using experiment methods including immunohistochemistry staining, real-time PCR and scratch assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of phosphorylated mTOR in MSC-OB was upregulated in the mandibular bone calus of the stretch group than the non-stretch group (P < 0.05). In thein vitro experiments, MSC-OB applied with mechanical stretch (6%, 4 hours) showed elevated gene expression levels of mTOR, Raptor, p70S6K, MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13 compared with the control group (0%, 4 hours). Meanwhile, MSC-OB in the experiment group (6%, 4 hours) showed a greater ability of mobility, as demonstrated by a farther distance after 48 hours of observation (P < 0.05). The present study suggests that the enhancement of MSC-OB mobility correlates with increase of the gene expression of MMPs and mTOR signaling pathway. Mechanical stretch may promote MSC-OB migration through activation of mTOR/MMPs signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the influence of pre-administration of flurbiprofen on the hyperalgesia after remifentanil anesthesia.Methods This study included a total of 96 patients with abdominal surgery in the department of general surgery of our hospital.According to the random number table method,they were divided into 4 groups (n =24).Flurbiprofen axetil 1.5 mg/kg was injected intravenously before anesthesia in groups A1 and A2,flurbiprofen axetil was not injected in-travenously before anesthesia in groups B1 and B2.Anesthesia was maintained with infusion of remifentanil 0.1 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 in groups A1 and B1 0.4 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 in groups A2 and B2. The spontaneous breathing recovery time, consciousness recovery time,extubation time and anesthesia recover period of nausea,vomiting,restlessness and pain VAS scores were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in breath recovery time,consciousness recovery time and extubation time between the four groups.VAS score (9.0±1.8)was the highest in group B2,VAS score was significantly higher than the other three groups (P <0.05).VAS score (3.1±1.1)was the lowest in group A1, which was significantly lower than the other three groups (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Pre-application of flurbiprofen 1.5 mg/kg can reduce postoperative hyperalgesia after remifentanil anesthesia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

AIM:To analyze the effects of oxymatrine(OMT) on the quantity of murine regulatory T cells(Tr cells) in the peripheral blood and mouse lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by Con A,and to probe into the immunological mechanism that OMT treats allergic contact dermatitis(ACD).METHODS:An ACD mouse model stimulated by dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB) was established.Different dosages of OMT,PBS and hydrocortisone(HCT) were intraperitoneally injected(IP) into the mice.Blood samples were collected at 1 d,7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d,then the T cells were isolated and marked with anti-CD3,anti-CD4,anti-CD25 three-colored immune fluorescence antibody to detect the quantity of CD4+CD25+ T cells with flow cytometry.The fluorescence intensity changes of lymphocytes which were isolated from mouse's lymph node and co-stimulated by polyclonal stimulator Con A and OMT were examined by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester(CFDA-SE) staining and flow cytometry.RESULTS:OMT at concentrations of 500,125 and 31 mg/L had the ability to restrain the proliferation of lymphocytes from lymph node in a dose dependent manner.However,OMT at concentrations of 16,8,4 and 2 mg/L promoted the proliferation of T lymphocytes from lymph node,but was not obviously dependent on its concentration.Intraperitoneal injection of OMT increased the numbers of CD4+CD25+T cell in peripheral blood obviously(P