OBJECTIVE: To establish a RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Protocatechuic acid and Protocatechuic aldehyde in Fuxuekang granules. METHODS: The chromatography was carried on Achirom Bond-1 C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m). The mobile phase was composed of methanol - water (20∶80,pH=2.80 adjusted by glacial acetic acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1. The detection wavelengths were programmed at 256 nm for Protocatechuic acid and at 280 nm for Protocatechuic aldehyde. RESULTS: The linear ranges for Protocatechuic acid and Protocatechuic aldehyde were 5.49～73.22 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9) and 4.81～64.13 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9), respectively, and their average recoveries were 96.86%(RSD=2.52%,n=9) and 97.55%(RSD=3.82%,n=9) respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, sensitive, and reproducible, and it is applicable for the quality control of Fuxuekang granules.

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenolic compound that exists in many medicinal species of Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae. The previous studies have revealed that RA had therapeutic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the H22-xenograft models by inhibiting the inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB p65 pathway in the tumor microenvironment. However, its molecular mechanisms of immunoregulation and pro-apoptotic effect in HCC have not been fully explored. In the present study, RA at 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg was given to H22 tumor-bearing mice via gavage once a day for 10 days. The results showed that RA can effectively inhibit the tumor growth through regulating the ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and the secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-γ, inhibiting the expressions of IL-6, IL-10 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, thereby up-regulating Bax and Caspase-3 and down-regulating Bcl-2. The underlying mechanisms involved regulation of immune response and induction of HCC cell apoptosis. These results may provide a more comprehensive perspective to clarify the anti-tumor mechanism of RA in HCC.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Boraginaceae ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Caspase 3 ; Cytokines ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Lamiaceae ; Mice ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Therapeutic Uses ; Tumor Microenvironment

AIM:To analyze the compliance rate and possible influencing factors for blood concen-tration of meropenem in patients with central ner-vous system(CNS)infections,and to provide basis for optimizing the administration of meropenem in the patients.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed in patients who were treated with meropenem and monitored the concentration(Cmin)from January 2021 to December 2022.The basic clinical data of the patients were recorded,and the achievement of meropenem blood concentration was counted.Univariate and binary logistic regres-sion analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors for the e substandard steady-state blood trough concentration of meropenem.The ROC curve was drawn to predict the clinical characteris-tics.RESULTS:Forty-five cases were included.The median Cmin of meropenem was 4.14(0.82,16.29)mg/L,and 51.11％reached the target range with 4 mg/L.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that serum creatinine value and using mannitol were risk factors for the substandard steady-state blood trough concentration of meropenem(P＜0.05).When serum creatinine value was less than 84 μmol/L,the area under the ROC curve was the largest(0.916),the sensitivity was 0.783,the speci-ficity was 0.955,and the Youden index was 0.738.CONCLUSION:The Cmin compliance rate of merope-nem blood concentration in patients with CNS in-fection is low,especially in patients with hyperfunc-tion of kidney and those who using mannitol.It is necessary to conduct drug concentration monitor-ing to optimize the administration of meropenem in patients with CNS infection.