Hypertension is the most important risk factor for ischemic stroke and other cardiocerebrovascular diseases.However,the mean blood pressure can not completely explain the target organ damage caused by hypertension and the benefits of antihypertensive treatment.A series of studies have demonstrated that blood pressure variability (BPV) is the risk factor for ischemic stroke independent of the mean blood pressure,and there was also a significant correlation between BPV and ischemic stroke.In recent years,the research of BPV has gradually become a hot spot in the field of prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.However,the specific relevance between BPV and ischemic stroke is not entirely clear.This article briefly reviews the relationship between BPV and ischemic stroke.

Objective To observe the regulation effect of transforming growth factor alpha(TGFα) on expression of glutamate transporter(GLAST)and ingestion activity of retinal M(u)ller cells in mice.Methods To take the retinal tissue of Kunming mouse at postnatal 7～10 day.and then cultured M(u)ller cells according to literature.The 3～4 generation cultured cells of the same primary cell were divided into two groups at random:①TGFα group:maintained in different concentrations of TGFα as 50,75,125 and 150 ng/ml,3 holes in each concentration;②Control group:cultured by Eagle culture medium which improved from Dulbeccon and contained 20%fetal calf serum.The influence of different concentrations TGFα on GLAST activity in M(u)ller cells were observed by L-3H-glutamate uptake detection;the expression of GLAST mRNA in M(u)ller cells was determined by RT-PCR;the expression of GLAST protein was detected with immunocytochemical staining.Results With the increase of TGFα concentration.both L-3H-glutamate uptake and GLAST mRNA expression were increased.The L-3H-glutamate accumulation had got to the maximum uptake at concentration of 125 ng/ml,which was 266% of that in control group,meanwhile,the expressions of GLAST mRNA also got to the maximum as 4 times of control group.Immunocytochemical staining indicated that the effect of 125ng/ml TGFα on expression of GLAST protein was higher than that in the control group,the differences between two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion TGF-α can increase GLAST activity through up-regulating the expression of GLAST mRNA and protein.

Objective To investigate expressions of albumin during retinal neovascularization in a murine model of oxygen -in-duced retinopathy.Methods C57BL/6J mice were exposed to (75 ±2)%oxygen for 5 days and returned to room air to induce retinal neovascularization .Retinal neovascularization was observed by fluorescence angiography , and was quantified by counting the endotheli-al nuclei protruding into the vitreous cavity after hematoxylin-eosin staining.The blood-retina barrier was evaluated by Western blot a-nalysis of extravasated albumin in the retina .Results In fluorescence angiograms , irregular neovascularization and fluorescein leakage was observed surrounding the unperfused areas in the hypoxic group .Compared to the normoxic group , there was a significant increase in both-side retinal albumin protein levels in the hypoxic group at P 13, P15 , and P17.Conclusions Albumin expression was in-creased in murine retina under hypoxia , and might be used to detect blood-retinal barrier damage of oxygen-induced retinopathy .

Objective To determine the signal pathway of specifically expressed oncostatin M(OSM) in lens inducing retinal degeneration in transgenic mice. Methods A sequence-truncated OSM cDNA (661 bp) of mice was linked to ?A-crytallin promoter, and was micro-injected into unicellular embryo to set up the model of transgenic mice. Reversal transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of gp130/OSMR? receptor in the retinae of OSM transgenic and non-transgenic mice. Rabbit anti-phosphorylated STAT-3 antibody was used to detect the protein expression of phosphorylated STAT-3,and mouse anti-cytochrome C antibody was used to detect the distributing of cytochrome C in retinae. Results Expression of gp130/OSMR? mRNA was found in retina of non-transgenic mice. At the 17.5th day in the embryonic stage, significant accumulation of the phosphorylated STAT-3 was detected in the retinal nucleolus in OSM transgenic retina. At the first day after birth, intensive staining of cytochrome C in OSM transgenic retina was found. Conclusions specifically expressed OSM in lens may act on gp130/OSMR? receptor in retinae, activate STAT-3, and cause the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, which eventually induces widespread retinal degeneration.

Objective To determine the effects of lensspecific overexpression of OSM on the eye development. Methods A truncated mouse OSM cDNA (661 bp) was linked to the ?A-crystallin promoter. Transgenic mice were characterized by routine histological and immunohistochemical techiniques. TUNEL assays were used to detect cell death. The mRNA expression of caspase-3 was detected by in situ hybridization, Rabbit anti-cleavage caspase-3 antibody was used to detect active capase-3. Results At embryonic day (E) 14.5 and 17.5, expression of the OSM transgenic protein was detected specifically in lens fiber cells. The onset of retinal degeneration in the mid portion of the transgenic retinae was observed started from E17.5. By the time of birth 50% or more of the retinal cells were missing. The OSM transgenic retinal cells underwent apoptosis indicated by TUNEL assays. Most strikingly, activation of caspase-3 protein were observed throughout the transgenic retinas. Conclusions Lens-specific overexpression of OSM activate caspase-3, leading to abnormal eye development, apoptosis and widespread retinal degeneration.

This study was aimed to study the therapeutic material basis of Xiong-Shao decoction (XSD) on hepatic fi-brosis (HF), and to screen the effective parts from XSD for regulating TGF-β/Smad pathway. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, the Fu-Zheng Hua-Y u (FZHY) capsule group, the XSD group, the crude polysaccharide group, the total glycosides group, and the total alkaloids group. Rats of the modeling group were intraperitoneally injected with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to establish HF model. After modeling, FZHY capsule solution (0.105 g·mL-1), XSD crude polysaccharides extract solution (35.420 mg·mL-1), XSD total glycosides extract solution (25.725 mg·mL-1), and XSD total alkaloids extract solution (0.196 mg·mL-1) were administered to the corresponding treatment group by gavage once a day for 4 weeks, respectively. Rats of the normal group and the model group were given equivalent amount of normal saline by gavage once a day for 4 weeks. The treatment course was 4 weeks. The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA of the liver tissues was detected by FQ-PCR. And the protein ex-pressions of Smad3 and Smad7 were detected by western blotting analysis. The results showed that compared with the model group, there was no significant difference in the expression of Smad7 protein between the total glyco-sides group and the model group, as well as no significant difference between the total alkaloids group and the model group. Expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA and Smad3 protein of other treatment groups were significantly re-duced. And the expressions of their Smad7 protein were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). It was concluded that crude polysaccharide an d total glycosides fractions were the effective parts of XSD for regulating TGF-β/Smad pathway.

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) on retinal neovascularization in the mouse.Methods Eighty seven-day-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal group,model blank group,model control group and PGC-1α siRNA group,twenty mice in each group.Mice in the normal group were kept in normal room air.Mice in the model blank group,model control group and PGC-1α siRNA group were induced for retinal neovascularization by hypoxia.Liposome with PGC-1α siRNA (1 μl) and liposome with negative control siRNA (1 μl) were injected into the vitreous in the PGC-1α siRNA group and model control group respectively when mice were moved out to room air from the cabin (Postnatal 12).No injection were performed in the model blank group.At postnatal 17,fluorescein angiography was used to assess the vascular pattern.The proliferative neovascular response was quantified by counting the nuclei of new vessels extending from the retina into the vitreous in cross-sections.PGC-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in retina were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and Western blot.Inhibition efficiency of PGC-1α siRNA on PGC-1α and VEGF was calculated.Results Mice in the normal group showed reticular distribution of retinal blood vessels.Central nonperfused retina,neovascular tufts and fluorescein leakage were seen in the model blank group and model control group.Neovascular tuft and fluorescein leakage were decreased in the PGC-1α siRNA group compared to the model blank group and model control group.The neovascular nuclei were increased in the model blank group and model control group compared to the normal group (P＜0.05).The neovascular nuclei were decreased in the PGC-1α siRNA group compared to the model blank group and model control group (P＜0.05).The expression of PGC-1α mRNA and protein in retina was increased significantly in the model blank group and model control group as compared with normal group,while decreased 54％ and 53％ respectively in the PGC-1α siRNA group as compared with model blank group and model control group (P＜0.05).The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in retina was increased significantly in the model blank group and model control group as compared with normal group,while decreased significantly in the PGC-1α siRNA group (decreased 48 ％ and 40 ％ respectively) as compared with model blank group and model control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Intravitreal injection of PGC-1α siRNA mediated by liposome can inhibit retinal neovascularization in the mouse effectively.

Objectives To sum up the experience of the gasless laparoscopic surgery using home-made abdominal-wall-take-up.Methods Using home-made abdominal-wall-take-up application on 15 patients,including 12 cholecystectmy,3 appendectomy.Every patients was used epidural block.Results All the surgery were successed and every patients had no complication.The hospitalization was 4～40 days (average 13.6 days),the time of operation was 50 to 215 minutes (average 89 minutes), fee of hospitalization was 5487 yuan.Conclusions It conclude that the gasless laparoscopic surgery using home-made abdominal-wall-take-up application is a safe,economic,useful method,which adapts to the situation of China.It reinforces the gas laparoscopic surgery.

Objective To evaluate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA) on the expression of angiotensin?2 ( Ang?2) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) in rat brain microvascular endo?thelial cells (BMVECs) subjected to oxygen?glucose deprivation (OGD). Methods Primarily cultured rat BMVECs were divided into 3 groups ( n=18 each) using a random number table: control group ( group C) , OGD group and DHA group. The cells were cultured with glucose?free and serum?free DMEM culture medium in OGD and DHA groups. In group DHA, DHA 40μmol was added, and then the cells were ex?posed to 1%O2?5%CO2?94%N2 in an air?tight incubator. The cells were cultured in the normal glucose and normal oxygen conditions in group C. All the cells were cultured for 24 h. Cell apoptosis was detected using Annexin V∕propidium iodide flow cytometry assay, and the apoptosis rate was calculated. The concentra?tions of Ang?2, VEGF, prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) and prostacyclin ( PGI2 ) in the supernatant of the cul?ture medium were determined by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of Ang?2 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in cells was detected by real?time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of cyclooxygen?ase?2 ( COX?2) protein in cells was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with group C, the ap?
optosis rate and concentrations of Ang?2, VEGF, PGE2 and PGI2 in the supernatant were significantly in?creased, and the expression of Ang?2 mRNA, VEGF mRNA and COX?2 protein was significantly up?regu?lated in OGD and DHA groups (P<0.05). Compared with group OGD, the apoptosis rate and concentra?tions of Ang?2, VEGF, PGE2 and PGI2 in the supernatant were significantly decreased, and the expression of Ang?2 mRNA, VEGF mRNA and COX?2 protein was significantly down?regulated in group DHA ( P<0.05) . Conclusion DHA can inhibit the expression of Ang?2 and VEGF in rat brain BMVECs subjected to OGD and reduce cell apoptosis, and down?regulated expression of COX?2 protein is involved in the mecha?nism.

Objective To explore clinical observation of the effect of severe blepharoptosis correction with modified frontalis muscle suspension.Methods Thirty three cases (41 eyes) with congenital severe blepharoptosis were treated with modified frontalis muscle suspension,and the operative effect was analyzed retrospectively.Double eyelid incision and concealauxiliary incision on partial-bitamporal of the superciliary arch were adopted.After taking the frontal muscle flap crossed through the subcutaneous tunnel between two incisions and fixed on the superior tarsus.Closed palpebral fissure with suture method after adjustment was satisfied.Results At 1 ～ 24 (9.76 ± 5.15) months post-operatively,all incisions of 33 cases were primary healing,eyelid radian satisfaction and no corneal exposure complication occurrence.The early postoperative reaction was mild,while only 1 case discovered subcu-taneoushematoma in superciliary arch.The satisfactory corrections were 30 cases,which undercorrections were 2 cases and 1 case was over correction.No palpebral and exposed keratotitislong-tern complication was found.Conclusions The operation of modified frontalis muscle suspension is satisfactory,safe and effective with little complications and less injury in intraoperative.