Objective: To build a relationship model of perceived academic self-efficacy, learning stress, and learning burnout of high school students. Methods: 674 high school students were surveyed with Learning Stress Scale of High School Students, The Perceived Academic Self -efficacy Scale, Scale of Learning Burnout of High School Students. Results: Learning stress had a direct effect on a low level of learning efficacy, perceived alienation to teacher and physical exhaustion (The direct effect value were -0.22,0.12,0.27). At the same time, perceived basic ability and perceived control partially mediated the impact of learning stress on the low level of learning efficacy, perceived alienation to teacher and physical exhaustion (the mediated effect value were -0.155 and-0.264, 0.066 and 0.299, 0.089 and 0.233). Perceived basic ability and perceived control fully mediated the relationship between learning stress and emotional exhaustion (the mediated effect value were 0.033 and 0.387). Conclusion: The students with a higher level of stress reported suffering more learning burnout than those with a lower level of stress, and vice versa.

Human Y chromosome contains sex determining region and the genes associated with spermatogenesis.Genomics of the human Y-chromosome association with male infertility appeared and new exploration for male infertility was formed.Though the genes of Y chromosome lack of meiotic recombination,Y chromosome did not disappear,but also it is being in evolution.It includes several families of satellite sequences and the alphoid repeats,Alu repeats associated with male infertility.A total of 107 genes were listed in the database in Y chromosome.The male specific region on Y(MSY) harbours 156 transcription units of which half(78) are suspected to encode proteins,27 protein or protein families identified,11 protein only expressed in the testis associated with spermatogenesis.It is likely that the genes on Y chromosome play an important role not only on spermatogenesis,but also on prostate,brain or other organs.

To screen potential hamster chymase 2 inhibitors, a high-throughput screening (HTS) model was established. Recombinant hamster chymase 2 with active form was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The HTS model with total volume of 50 microL in 384-well microplate was based on fluorescence analysis and was proved sensitive as well as specific (Z' = 0.84). A total of 40 080 samples (including 28 060 compounds and 12 020 natural products) were screened, and 613 samples with inhibition greater than 90% were selected for further rescreening. Finally, compounds J16647 and J16648 were identified with high inhibitory activity on chymase 2, and whose IC50 values were 0.823 and 0.690 micromol x L(-1), respectively.

Ph.D candidate education is the highest level of higher education. Training model of Ph.D candidate in Medical College of Georgia and University of Manitoba)has vivid characters compared with that in China,which is reflected by the training objective,qualification of students and tutors,culti-vating procedures and admission requirements for graduation. This kind of cultivating model performs stringent selection and can gradually pick out persons who are really fit for the scientific research. Ph.D candidate quality in the two universities is guaranteed by systemic and deep courses learning,immediate update of knowledge and strict evaluation system. The goal of this article is to provide experience and ref-erence for improving the education quality of medical Ph.D candidates in China.

Objective To investigate the effect and recurrence of the esomeprazole combined with trimebutine on treatment for non-erosive reflux disease(NERD).Methods One hundred and twenty-five cases of patients with NERD were randomly divided into the treatment group (n =62) and the control group (n =63).Patients in treatment group were received the esomeprazole 20 mg,twice a day and trimebutine 0.2 g,3 times a day,in control group were received the esomeprazole 20 mg,twice a day and mosapride 5 mg,3 times a day.After 8 weeks treatment,6 months follow-up was conducted and the effects and recurrence were evaluated.Results The clinical curative rates at 4th and 8th weeks treatment in treatment group were 75.8％ (47/62) and 95.2％ (59/62),higher than that of control group (57.1％ (36/63),x2 =4.879,P =0.027 ; 84.1％ (53/63),x2 =4.083,P =0.043).The GERDQ curative rates at 4th and 8th weeks treatment in treatment group were 72.6％ (45/62),93.5％ (58/62) respectively,significantly higher than that of the control group (52.4％ (33/ 63),x2 =5.434,P =0.020 ; 79.4％ (50/63),x2 =5.350,P =0.021).The recurrence rates of 6 months followup were 77.4％ (48/62) in the treatment group and 81.0％ (51/63) in the control group,there was no significant difference between the two groups (P =0.627).Conclusion Esomeprazole combined with trimebutine is safe and effective treatment on non-erosive reflux disease,and the recurrence rates was lower than that in the control group.

In order to study the chemical constituents in the water extract of the stem of Nauclea officinalis, column chromatography over D101 macroporous resin and silica gel and an automatic purification system were used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents from the extract. Nine compounds were obtained. By analysis of the physicochemical properties and spectral data, their structures were identified as naucleamide G (1), 3, 4-dimethoxyphenol-beta-D-apiofuranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), kelampayoside A (3), 3alpha, 5alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycordifoline lactam (4), naucleamide A-10-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), pumiloside (6), 3-epi-pumiloside (7), strictosamide (8) and vincosamide (9), separately. Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, compound 2 was found in plants of the genus Nauclea for the first time, and compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of surgical c ro wn-lengthening and restoration procedure in the treatment of short clinical cro wn in anterior tooth. Methods: 28 short clinical crowns of 5 pat ients were lengthened through operation. 6 weeks after operation metal-fused ce ramic prosthesis was individually prepared.Results: Post-operat ion follow-up was performed 6 weeks after treatment,the average length of the c rown of the anterior tooth increased by (2.9?0.6) mm. No complication was obs erved. All the patients were satisfied with the esthetic effects one year after restoration.Conclusion: Surgical crown-lenthening and prosthesi s procedure may be used in the treatment of the short clinical crown.

Objective To detect the effects of Yunnan Baiyao on receptor activator of NF-κB(RANK)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand(RANKL)/osteoprotegerin(OPG) system by means of animal model that use Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) induce cal-varial to induce bone destroy .Methods Seventy-two male Kunming mouses were selected and randomly divided into model group , Yunnan Baiyao treatment group and control group .The animals of model group and Yunnan Baiyao treatment group were inoculated Pg at the midline of the scalp between the ears and the animals of the Yunnan Baiyao treatment group gastric perfusion Yunnan Baiyao after them inoculated Pg .Mouses were killed at 5 ,8 and 14 days after inoculation .For each data point ,killed eight mice(n=8) ,then detected the number of osteoclast of the calvaria and the change of RANKL mRNA ,OPGm RNA express .Results On the 5th ,8th and 14th day the number of osteoclast and the content of RANKL mRNA expression in the model group apparently higher than in the Yunnan Baiyao treatment group(P<0 .05) ,two groups also apparently higher than in the control group(P<0 .05) .A-bout OPG mRNA expression on the 5th ,8th and 14th day in the Yunnan Baiyao treatment group apparently higher than in the con-trol group and model group(P<0 .05) ,but on the 5th day the model group lower than the control group(P<0 .05) and on the 8th , 14 day the model group higher than the control group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Yunnan Baiyao can cut regulation RANKL mRNA expression and raise regulation OPG mRNA expression to inhibit bone destruction and improve bone repair and inhibiting osteoclast product so as to inhibit bone destroy and improve bone repair .

Objectives To investigate the activities of daily living and analysis of the influencing factors among elder hospitalization patients.Methods A series of scales including Activity of Daily Living Scale,Mini-Nutritional Assessment,Mini Mental State Examination,Geriatric Depression Scale 15,Falls Risk Assessment Tool and Euro Qol-5D Questionnaire were used to assess the physical and psychological health status among elder patients at first hospitalization,as well as their social-economic status,and to analyze the activities of daily living and influencing factors.Results Interviewees with less than nine years educational level had 5.93 (95 ％ CI:1.14-33.23)times higher risk for impaired activities of daily living than those with higher education levels.Patients with EQ-5D score ≥1 scale or with cognitive disorder showed 2.86 (95％ CI:1.04-8.05) times or 18.14 (95 ％ CI:1.64-540.63) times higher risks for impaired activities of daily living than their normal controls,respectively.The risks for the decreasing activities of daily living were increased along with ageing (P =0.025).There was a marginal correlation between regular exercise and activities of daily living(P=0.104).Conclusions Educational level,health status and cognitive function are important factors for activities of daily living among elder hospitalization cases and enlarged sample size is required for validation.

Objective To compile a questionnaire about tobacco control for the nursing students and to provide evidence of research and evaluation for nursing students' knowledge,attitude,belief and practice related with tobacco control.Methods Based on the conceptual framework of predisposing factors,contributing factors and reinforcing factors of action,develop the questionnaire about tobacco control through literature review and expert consultation.The questionnaire includes 8 dimensions and 24 items in all.Those are the recognition of the harm of smoking,attitudes towards tobacco control,knowledge about laws and regulations of tobacco control and harms of cigarettes,future smoking tendency,future participation intention in social tobacco control,perception of information of tobacco control in media and participation of school tobacco control activities.By cluster sampling method,5 210 nursing students in two medical universities in the main district of Chongqing were investigated.Reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested through SPSS 19.0 and Lisrel 8.8 215 students were retested.Results Cronbach's α for the whole questionnaire was 0.720 and for eight dimensions,it ranged from 0.529 to 0.748.Split-half coefficient was 0.806 and for eight dimensions,it ranged from 0.526 to 0.818.Test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.858.Spearman coefficient for each dimension was greater than 0.7.The principal component analysis was used to extract 8 common factors and the accumulative variance contribution rate was 57.209％.The factor loading of all items was 0.43-0.83.NFI,NNFI,CFI and IFI were 0.92,0.91,0.93 and 0.93.The construction of the questionnaire was consistent with the theory.Conclusion The reliability and validity of questionnaire about tobacco control for nursing students were good.It can be used in researches about the nursing students' tobacco control.