Syndrome of cachexia,which is a common feature of many types of cancer,characterized by loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle,is responsible not only for a poor quality of life and poor response to chemotherapy,but also a decreased survival time.It can not be fully explained by the accompanying anorexia,because increasing nutrient support is unable to reverse the wasting syndrome.Although patients with cachexia frequently show an elevated resting energy expenditure,cachexia can occur with a normal energy expenditure.Lipid mobilizing factor and proteolysis inducing factor,two tumor-derived factors,can directly mobilize fatty acids and amino acids from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle respectively.It is important of the knowledge about the roles and mechanism of LMF and PIF in the development of cancer cachexia,which should lead to the development of new therapeutic methods.

[Objective]To find a simple and direct feasible method to detect bone tissue vascularize from comparing advantage or disadvantage of ink intravascular Dabble-VG dyeing and other tissue dyeing in the tissue section capillary vessel display.[Methods]One side femoral artery of 6 normal goat was mixed with liquor composed of 10 percentink,10 percent formaldehyde and 20 percent mannitol,volume ratio in 7∶2∶1.Stopped femoral vein effluent was black.To get off goat tibia,10 percent formaldehyde was fixed with.EDTA decalcification,cedar oil douse,fiat 50 to 100 micrometer pachy-section and compound ink-VG dyeing to observe capillary vessel.[Results]Compound ink-VG dyeing ould display relations of capillary vessel and surrounding tissue.But in control group,single HE,Masson and Weigert Resorcinol-aniline red dyeing after-stain VG dyeing ould display few capillary vessel and surrounding tissue,and recognize difficultly.[Conclusion]Compound ink-VG dyeing can display capillary vessel of bone clearly,and can disclose relationships of surrounding tissue as well.This method can try on in tissue vascularization detect.

Objective To investigate the morphology change of transplants of adrenocortical cells using poly-? -hybroxybutyric acid (PHB) as a cell carrier. Methods Adrenocortical cells were seeded on PHB and then implanted into rats bearing bilateral adrenalectomy. Histological changes and CD3 expression by using immunohistochemical staining were observed in local area of transplants on the postoperative week 2, 4, 8. Results Histological study showed inflaming cells were decreased as time passed, fibrous tissue disappeared step by step, PHB degraded gradually and adrenocortical cells tended to be organized; Ultrastratural observation revealed these cells maintained identical secreting function; Immunohistochemical assay indicated the expression of CD3 in the transplanted was similar to that in the normal adrenal cells. Conclusion The transplanted cells seeded in PHB can not only be survival, but also organized to the same tissue structure and ultrastructure as normal adrenal tissue.

Objective To investigate the possibility of transplantation of adrenocortical cells to treat insufficiency of adrenocortical function using poly-?-hybroxybutyric acid (PHB) as cell carrier.Methods Adrenocortical cells were seeded to PHB and then implanted into rats bearing bilateral adrenalectomy, while adenocortical cells implanted into the similar rats as a contrast. The changes of blood corticosterone and aldostenone and local histological changes in these rats were observed.Results The blood corticosterone and aldostenone were elevated after transplantation. The levels of blood corticosterone and aldostenone in PHB group were higher than that of control group. Histological study showed that adenocortical cells in PHB grew well.Conclusion The implanted adrenocortical cells within PHB can not only survive in rat body but also secrete corticostenone and aldostenrone which can satisfy the need of adrenalectomized rats. It is more effective to use PHB in adrenocortical cell transplantation than that cell implanted singly.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of axillo-axillary bypass grafting for the treatment of contralateral arterial ischemia of upper limb. Method 53 cases underwent axillo-axillary artery PTFE graft bypass among those there were 46 cases of subclavian artery occlusion and 3 cases of subclavian artery aneurysm and 4 cases of trauma. Preoperatively 33 cases suffered from a symptom of extremity ischemia and 18 cases with subclavian artery blood steal. Result Good results were achieved in all cases without any complications. Doppler test showed the gradient of bilateral brachial pressure artery was less 10 mmHg in all cases. ConclusionAxillo-axillary artery PTFE graft bypass is an effective method for subclavian artery reconstruction with less trauma and complications. It is especially suitable for the elders with concomitant heart brain and lung diseases. It is also applicable for cases in which the subclavian arteries are not easily accessible due to artery aneurysm and artery trauma.

Objective To determine the role of adenosine A1 receptor system in the delayed protective effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPC) in brain ischemia.Methods Thirty-five rabbits weighing 2-2.5kg were randomly divided into 7 groups: control (group Ⅰ), 3-min ischemia (group Ⅱ), 10-min ischemia (group Ⅲ), IPC (group Ⅳ), N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA)(group V), 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX)+ IPC(group Ⅵ), and DPCPX+3-min ischemia (group Ⅶ).Cerebral ischemia was produced by occlusion of both carotid arteries in combination withdrawing blood to maintain MAP at 35-40 mmHg.After 3-min IPC and 3 days of recovery , cerebral ischemia was induced and lasted 10 min (model of delayed protective effects of IPC). Adenosine A1 receptor agonist CPA or antagonist DPCPX was used instead of IPC to evaluate the role of adenosine A1 receptor in the delayed protective effects of IPC.The expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Neurons density and expression of HSP70 in the hippocampal CA1 region were examined and measured 3 days later.Results (1) CPA could reduce cerebral ischemic injury, but the effects of CPA were not as good as those of IPC (about 70% of IPC).After adenosine A1 receptors being blocked by DPCPX the delayed protective effects of IPC disappeared.(2) 3-min ischemia alone did not cause neuronal injury but induced obvious expression of HSP70.DPCPX not only could make 3-min ischemia cause injury but also reduce the expression of HSP70.Conclusions (1) The delayed protective effects of IPC is related with activation of adenosine A1 receptor system.(2) One of the mechanisms of the blocking effects of DPCPX may be due to the reduction in expression of HSP70 .

Objective To investigate the value of DWI imaging combined with T2WI imaging and CT image fusion technology and explore the role of DWI imaging in the determination of target areas in radiotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer.Methods Twenty-three patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer were included in this study.All the patients were fixed by a heat plastic device.Each patient was examined by CT,T2WI and DWI scan in the same position as the radiotherapy treatment.Images obtained from the three sequences were transmitted to the Eclipse 11.0 treatment planning system.All images were registered at Eclipse workstation as to normalized mutual information registration.The target areas were delineated by the clinical radiation physicians in the CT imaging,and CT and DWI fusion images.The target areas of the two kinds of image were evaluated using fusion function and statistical function of the treatment planning system.Results Target parameters differed significantly between CT base and CT/MRI fusion base.The results of the target volume outline closer by CT and MRI fusion image base in the three groups of clinicians.Conclusion The target volume between the groups is closer by using CT and DWI fusion image.DWI image has a good assisting effect in determining the target area of locally advanced esophageal cancer.

Objective To study the efficacy of hypo responsiveness of allogenic T cells induced by curcumin (Cur)-treated dendritic cells (DCs) and influence on survival time of renal allografts in rats.Methods DCs were generated from Wistar rat bone marrow and treated with Cur. The costimulatory molecules (CDl1c, CD80, CD86 and major histocompability complex Ⅱ ) were determined by using flow cytometry,and the production of IL-12 in DCs culture supernatant was examined by using ELISA.The probability of Cur treated DCs to stimulate the proliferation of Lewis rat T cells was detected by using mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR),and the antigen specific T cell hypo responsiveness was analyzed by using secondary MLR. Allograft renal transplantation animal models were established by using Wistar rats as donors,and Lewis rats as recipients.At 7th day before allograft renal transplantation,Cur-treated DCs from donors were injected into recipients through tail vein, meanwhile the non-treated control group and immature DCs control group (immature DCs from donors were injected into recipients through tail vein) were set up.The allograft survival time and allograft pathology after transplantation were assayed.Reaction of T cells from the recipients to mature DCs of donors was analyzed at 14th day.Results Cur restrained the expression of DCs phcnotypc and production of IL-12 (P＜0.05). Cur treated DCs displayed poor ability to stimulate T cells proliferation,and potential to induce antigen specific T cell hypo-responsiveness.The survival time of the renal allograft in Cur-treatcd CDs group [(31.5 ± 6.9) days] was significantly longer (P＜0.05) than in control group [(8.6± 2.1) days] and immature DCs control group [(22.4± 7.4) days],and the pathological lesions in the renal allografts in Cur treated CDs group were milder than in the control group and immature DCs control group.T cells from the recipients injected with Cur-treated DCs showed significant hypo-responsiveness to mature DCs from donors (P＜0.05),but higher proliferation ability to the stimulation of third party independent antigen.Conclusion Cur can suppress the maturation and function of DCs,and induce immune suppression of allogeneic T cells,while infusion of Cur-treated immature DCs can prolong the survival of renal allograft remarkably.

AIM: To assess the impact of weaver gene on neuronal development,protein expression and vitality. METHODS: DNA encoding the wild-type and mutant ion channel was introduced into immortalized tyrosine hydroxylase-positive CNS-derived neurons named CAD(Cath.a-differentiated,a variant of Cath.a. Cath.a was established by targeted oncogenesis in transgenic mice) cells. DNA clone, immunostaining and Western blotting were used. Three different concentrations (0 25 mg/L, 0 5 mg/L, or 1 0 mg/L) of Girk2 and wv Girk2 expression plasmids were transfected into the CAD cells. The number of transfected cycling cells, protein synthesis and neurites growth were observed between two groups. RESULTS: The number of transfected cycling CAD cells with high concentration of wv Girk2 reduced to about 60%, compared to Girk2-transfected cells. Low concentration of wv Girk2 did not cause cell death but reduced the protein production of transfected genes. Neurite growth was also affected by wv Girk2. MK-801 and Kir2.3 altered the effect of wv Girk2. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that wv Girk2 functions as a blocker in weaver animals, which blockes the wv Girk2 channel to rescue the cells from death. Our data also suggest that the presence of channels and the level of wv Girk2 may have a significant impact on the fate of cells containing wv Girk2.

Percutaneous nephrostomy was applied in some other urologic diseases and the efficacy was evaluated. Percutaneous nephrostomy for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) was performed in patients with various renal, perinephric and bladder diseases (n=79). The tract establishment, operation duration and complications were observed and the efficacy was assessed. The results showed that the tracts were successfully established in 79 cases. The operation lasted 4-20 min. 12F-16F single tract was established in nephrohydrop patients and 16F-20F single or multiple tracts were established in patients with pyonephrosis, renal cortical abscess, renal cyst and perinephric abscess. During dilation, no leakage of liquor puris was noted. Establishment of 18F single tract was achieved in one urinoma patient. In two patients with foreign body in kidney, the foreign bodies were removed via established 14F single tract. 18F tracts were established in 2 patients with bladder contracture, which was followed by the placement of 16F balloon urethral catheter for drainage. No complications, such as massive bleeding, intestinal injury and spreading of infection took place in our series. All the patients were followed up for 2-12 months. No long-term complications such as dropping of drainage tube occurred. It is concluded that as a minimally invasive technique, percutaneous nephrostomy has the advantages of convenience, simplicity and causing less complications and can be used for various urologic diseases.