OBJECTIVE: To optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction technology of volatile component from Tibet inual and Zingiber officianle. METHODS: The extraction technology was optimized by orthogonal experiment with the content of alantolactone and the yield of volatile oil as indexes while with extracting pressure, extracting temperature, extracting time and entrainer volume as factors. RESULTS: The optimal extraction technology was as follows: 225 mL entrainer was extracted at 40 ℃ with extracting pressure of 35 Mpa for 1 hour. CONCLUSION: The extraction technology is reasonable, practical and controllable for the industrial production.

Objective To investigate the effects of laparoscopic operation in treating type Ⅲ child biliary atresia and its influence on postoperative infections .Methods 85 children cases of type Ⅲ biliary atresia were randomly divided into the conventional sur-gery group(OP group ,n=42) and the laparoscopic surgery group(LP group ,n=43) .The operation situation ,postoperative changes of inflammatory factors ,changes of liver function indexes before and after operation and postoperative infection were compared be-tween the two groups .Results The operative time of the LP group was longer than that of the OP group (P<0 .05) ,the intraoper-ative blood loss and the VAS scores of the LP group were less than those of OP group (P<0 .05) ,the postoperative eating recovery time of the LP group was earlier than that of the OP group (P<0 .05) ,the length of hospital stay of the LP group was shorter than that of the OP group(P<0 .05) and the postoperative infection rate of the LP group was lower than that of the OP group (P<0 . 05) .The liver function indexes recovery showed no statistically significant differences before and in postoperative 1 ,3 ,6 ,12 months between the two groups(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The laparoscopic operation and the conventional operation in treating type Ⅲ child biliary atresia have their own advantages and disadvantages .The appropriate operation mode should be selected according to the children′s actual situation .

Objective To compare open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) in the operative treatment of complicated proximal humeral fractures.Methods From January 2014 to October 2015,55 complicated proximal humeral fractures were treated at our department.They were 32 men and 23 women,from 21 to 81 years of age (average,51 years).According to Neer classification,34 cases belonged to three-part fractures and 21 ones to four-part fractures,14 of which were complicated with dislocation.Of them,35 received ORIF and 20 underwent MIPPO.The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time,intraoperative blood loss,incision length and Neer scoring of the shoulder function at the final follow-ups.The 2 groups were compatible without significant differences in preoperative demographic data (P ＞ 0.05).Results The 55 patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months(mean,9 months).The operation time (100.5 ± 10.2 min),intraoperative blood loss (80.0 ± 10.5 mL),and incision length (7.5 ± 3.2 cm) in the MIPPO group were significantly better than those in the ORIF group (120.0±10.1 min,200.5±10.2mL,and10.5±5.3cm,respectively) (P ＜0.05).According to the Neer scoring of the shoulder function at the final follow-ups,the good to excellent rate was 71.4％ (25/35) in the ORIF group and 85.0％ (17/20) in the MIPPO group,showing a significant difference (P ＜ O.05).The incidence of humeral head necrosis was 15 in the ORIF group,significantly higher than that (3) in the MIPPO group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures,compared with ORIF,MIPPO may lead to less damage to local blood supply,less trauma,and quicker functional recovery due to early functional exercise.

Abstract： Objective　To comprehend the gastroenteritis outbreak triggered by sapovirus (SaV) in a middle school located in Chaozhou City in 2022, ultimately providing a scholarly reference for the implementation of preventive and control measures against contagious diarrhea within educational institutions. Methods　Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak. A 1∶3 case-control study was conducted to identify potential correlation factors. Anal swab specimens from students and kitchen workers, food samples from the cafeteria, and environmental swab samples were collected for nucleic acid PCR testing of Sapovirus, Norovirus, Staphylococcus aureus, five types of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Bacillus cereus. One SaV-positive nucleic acid sample was randomly selected for VP1 capsid protein sequencing. Results　A total of 148 sapovirus cases and 6 asymptomatic infections were reported in this outbreak. The predominant clinical manifestations were vomiting (83.1%), nausea (38.5%), and vertigo (24.3%), with no fever symptoms reported. The peak incidence was recorded on March 20, showing a propagative and point source exposure pattern. Cases were distributed across 83.3% of the classes in the school, with the highest incidence rate of 32.69% in Class 311. The case-control study revealed that having lunch on campus on March 18 was a significant correlation factor for the disease (OR=4.17, 95%CI: 1.58-11.00). A total of 43 students and 23 kitchen workers anal swab specimens, 7 food samples, and 9 cafeteria environmental swab samples were collected. Of these, 20 students and 6 kitchen workers anal swab specimens tested positive for SaV nucleic acid, while the remaining samples returned negative results. Gene sequencing indicated the presence of the GI.6 genotype. Hygiene investigation exposed improper food handling practices among some kitchen workers. Conclusions　This outbreak was caused by a GI.6 genotype SaV infection, with exposure in the cafeteria on March 18 being the primary contributing factor for the outbreak and subsequent spread.

Objective To observe the effect of serum containing Qiangjijianli oral liquid in-vitro proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods Rat mesenchymal stem cells dissociated from the bone marrow by density gradient method were cultured. MSCs were identified by marking of bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) and staining of CD44, CD45. Experimental group was cultivated with serum containing Qiangjijianli oral liquid and control group with blank serum. Optical absorption value of MSCs was stained by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT). Results Serum containing Qiangjijianli oral liquid at different concentrations could promote the proliferation of MSCs, the difference being significant in comparison with the control group (P

Objective To optimize the extracting conditions of Anchuan Keli. Method Six crude drugs, including Ephedra herb and so on, with the ephedrina hydrochloridum content as the index, extracting times, water volume and extracting time were screened by orthogonal test. Two crude drugs, including Sophora flavescens and so on, with matrine and ammothamnine content as the indexes, alcohol concentration, extracting times, alcohol volume and extracting time were screened by orthogonal test. Result The optimal extracting condition of six crude drugs including Ephedra herb was heat reflux and extracting 2 times (the first time 854 mL, the second time 732 mL), 2 hours for each time using water. The optimal extracting condition of two crude drugs include Sophora flavescens was heat reflux and extracting 2 times (the first time 288 mL, the second time 240 mL), 2 hours for each time using 80% alcohol. Conclusion The extracting technology selected is reasonable, practical and controllable.

Objective To study the absorption and transportation of flavonoids in Herb Epimedii by using Caco-2 monolayer model. Methods Caco-2 cell monolayer model was used to study the bi-direction transport of icariin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, and baohuoside Ⅰ. The concentration of the five flavonoids in cell culture medium was measured by UPLC and the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated. Results The absorptive permeability coefficients (PAB) of icariin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, and baohuoside Ⅰ were 5.91?10-7, 3.22?10-7, 2.76?10-7, 4.23?10-7, and 1.46?10-6 cm/s, respectively. Except baohuoside Ⅰ, the other four flavonodes had lower permeabilities, and the secretive permeabilities (PBA) of all the flavonoids were larger than their absorptive permeabilities. Among them, the PBA of baohuoside Ⅰ was 9.8 times as much as the PAB. Conclusion The results suggest that the intestinal absorption of the five flavonoids is lower, which might have efflux mechanism by transporters, and the absorption of monloglycoside (e.g. baohuoside Ⅰ) is better than that of diglycoside (e.g. icariin) and triglycoside (e.g. epimedin A, epimedin B, and epimedin C).

To elucidate the processing mechanism of Herba Epimedii from the new view of the intestinal absorption and metabolism.From analyzing the literatures of processing mechanism and togethering with the research of our lab,a new idea of processing mechanism of Herba Epimedii was brought:the pharmacologically active and easier absorbed flavonoids might be present more in the herbs when changing the heating processing parameters and thereby increased or maintained the efficacy.This thesis first pointed the new idea and method that the intestinal absorption and metabolism of herbs should be considered when studying the mechanism of processing.

Objective To establish the cell model of restenosis in vitro and investigate the effects of fenofibrate on the prevention and treatment of the restenosis.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) were cultured in vitro.The study was designated to 5 groups:(1) control group,(2) LPC group,(3) low-concentration fenofibrate(10 ?mol/L) group,(4) midium-concentration fenofibrate(50 ?mol/L) group,and(5) high-concentration fenofibrate(100 ?mol/L) group.Proliferation and apoptosis of HUVECs were assessed by MTT assay,flow cytometry(FCM) and fluorescence microscopy respectively.Results Compared with the control group,LPC could inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of HUVECs as well as decrease NO production in HUVECs.Fenofibrate could increase the proliferation and decrease the apoptosis of HUVECs,and also enhance NO production of HUVECs.Conclusion Fenofibrate could improve proliferation and reduce apoptosis and enhance NO production of HUVECs through lysophosphatidylcholine,which may be an important route for fenofibrate to prevent and treat the restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention.