Background and purpose:Studies have shown that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is closely associated with tumor progress. angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) is the most important component of RAS. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism by which AngⅡ affected the cell proliferation in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.Methods:CCK-8 was used to investigate the cell proliferation alteration of MCF-7 cells after treatment of AngⅡ at different dose and time. The inlfuence of losartan (an AT1R inhibitor) and PD98059 (a MAPK inhibitor) in AngⅡ-enhanced cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot.Results:AngⅡ stimulated the growth of breast cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The maximal proliferation effect on MCF-7 cells was obtained with 10-7 mol/L AngⅡ and 24 h, respectively (P<0.000 1). Losartan signiifcantly decreased the level of AngⅡ-induced proliferative effects (P<0.05). Western blot showed that AngⅡ caused rapid activation of p-ERK. In addition, PD98059 could signiifcantly suppress AngⅡ-promoted cell proliferation.Conclusion:AngⅡ can promote MCF-7 cell proliferation through AT1R/ERK/MAPK pathway activation, which could be reversed by losartan or PD98059. Therefore, targeting AngⅡ/AT1R/MAPK signaling could be a novel therapeutic for breast cancer.

ObjectiveTo study the scope of excison in breast-conserving surgery for breast carcinoma.MethodsClinical data of 275 breast cancer patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery in t he First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,the Affiliated Zhenjiang Hospital of Jiangsu University and Changzhou Traditional ChineseMedicine Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The operation procedure and postoperative adjuvant therapy were carried out with the same protocol.Local and general conditions of patients were followed up regularly.Results271 out of 275 patients got follow-up.The follow-up rate was 98.5％.The follow-up time ranged from 1 month to 117 months,median follow-up time was 34 months.Six patients died of distant metastasis,2 with local recurrence.The 1-year,3-year,and 5-year overall survival rates were 99.5％,98.1％,and 95.7％,respectively.ConclusionsIt is safe to excise 1 cm normal breast tissue with clear margin confirmed by frozen section,followed by postoperative adjuvant therapy,endocrine therapy,and radiotherapy,this improves the life quality of patients with breast cancer.It is safe and effective to determine whether the disease is multicentric or multifocal by mammogram plus clinical breast examination.

The authors introduced,against the backdrop of the new round of accreditation,organization and practice of the hospital.In accordance with the five management elements of planning,organization,leadership,coordination and control,and the level management theory,the hospital divided,based on a top-down design and step-by-step implementation,the process into four stages of mobilization and deployment,study and training,self-assessment and rectification,supervised self-assessment and constant improvement.These efforts aim at exploring the key points and methodology of hospital accreditation,proposing such key points as the combination of the accreditation with building a long-term mechanism,that of theory with practice,that leadership with full staff involvement,that of top-down design with step-by-step implementation,that of training and rectification,that of self-assessment and supervision,and that of system management with implementation of provisions.This way the hospital accreditation may upgrade the hospital as a whole.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an infectious disease caused by the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) that mainly produces respiratory symptoms in affected animals, resulting in great losses in the world's agriculture industry every year. Singledomain variable heavy chain (VHH) antibody fragments, also referred to as nanobodies, have high expression yields and other advantages including ease of purification and high solubility. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to obtain a single-domain antibody with good reactivity and high specificity against PPRV. Methods: A VHH cDNA library was established by immunizing camels with PPRV vaccine, and the capacity and diversity of the library were examined. Four PPRV VHHs were selected, and the biological activity and antigen-binding capacity of the four VHHs were identified by western blot, indirect immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses. ELISA was used to identify whether the four VHHs were specific for PPRV, and VHH neutralization tests were carried out. ELISA and western blot analyses were used to identify which PPRV protein was targeted by VHH2. Results: The PPRV cDNA library was constructed successfully. The library capacity was greater than 2.0 × 106 cfu/mL, and the inserted fragment size was approximately 400 bp to 2000 bp. The average length of the cDNA library fragment was about 1000 bp, and the recombination rate was approximately 100%. Four single-domain antibody sequences were selected, and proteins expressed in the supernatant were obtained. The four VHHs were shown to have biological activity, close affinity to PPRV, and no cross-reaction with common sheep diseases. All four VHHs had neutralization activity, and VHH2 was specific to the PPRV M protein. Conclusions The results of this preliminary research of PPRV VHHs showed that four screened VHH antibodies could be useful in future applications. This study provided new materials for inclusion in PPRV research.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an infectious disease caused by the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) that mainly produces respiratory symptoms in affected animals, resulting in great losses in the world's agriculture industry every year. Singledomain variable heavy chain (VHH) antibody fragments, also referred to as nanobodies, have high expression yields and other advantages including ease of purification and high solubility. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to obtain a single-domain antibody with good reactivity and high specificity against PPRV. Methods: A VHH cDNA library was established by immunizing camels with PPRV vaccine, and the capacity and diversity of the library were examined. Four PPRV VHHs were selected, and the biological activity and antigen-binding capacity of the four VHHs were identified by western blot, indirect immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses. ELISA was used to identify whether the four VHHs were specific for PPRV, and VHH neutralization tests were carried out. ELISA and western blot analyses were used to identify which PPRV protein was targeted by VHH2. Results: The PPRV cDNA library was constructed successfully. The library capacity was greater than 2.0 × 106 cfu/mL, and the inserted fragment size was approximately 400 bp to 2000 bp. The average length of the cDNA library fragment was about 1000 bp, and the recombination rate was approximately 100%. Four single-domain antibody sequences were selected, and proteins expressed in the supernatant were obtained. The four VHHs were shown to have biological activity, close affinity to PPRV, and no cross-reaction with common sheep diseases. All four VHHs had neutralization activity, and VHH2 was specific to the PPRV M protein. Conclusions The results of this preliminary research of PPRV VHHs showed that four screened VHH antibodies could be useful in future applications. This study provided new materials for inclusion in PPRV research.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), caused by the PPR virus (PPRV), is an acute and fatal contagious disease that mainly infects goats, sheep, and other artiodactyls.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are considered the primary innate immune cells. Objectives: PBMCs derived from goats were infected with PPRV and analyzed to detect the relationship between PPRV replication and apoptosis or the inflammatory response. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to identify PPRV replication and cytokines expression. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect apoptosis and the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+T cells after PPRV infection. Results: PPRV stimulated the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, PPRV induced apoptosis in goat PBMCs. Furthermore, apoptosis and the inflammatory response induced by PPRV could be suppressed by Z-VAD-FMK and Z-YVAD-FMK, respectively.Moreover, the virus titer of PPRV was attenuated by inhibiting caspase-1-dependent apoptosis and inflammation. Conclusions This study showed that apoptosis and the inflammatory response play an essential role in PPR viral replication in vitro, providing a new mechanism related to the cell host response.