Adolescent ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; congenital ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Graft vs Host Disease ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; antagonists & inhibitors ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo observe the prevention and clinical efficacy of combination of Liuwei Dihuang Pill (LDP) and Ginkgo Leaf Tablet (GLT) for early diabetic retinopathy (DR).

METHODSUsing randomized, double-blind, double simulation, parallel controlled clinical trial, 140 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients were recruited and assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 70 in each group. All patients received basic Western medicine treatment (such as blood glucose and pressure control). Patients in the treatment group took LDP (8 pills each time, 3 times per day) and GLT (19.2 mg each time, 3 times per day), while those in the control group took LDP placebos and GLT placebos. All treatment lasted for 24 consecutive months. All subjects were followed-up every month. The general clinical data as sex, age, and metabolic data such as blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipid, and DR prevalence rate were collected and statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in levels of blood glucose, blood pressure, or blood lipid between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment the DR incidence rate was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group [3.1% (2/64) vs 18.6% (11/59), P < 0.05)]. Meanwhile, the DR prevalence rate of the treatment group was also significantly lower than that of the control group [6.3% (4/64) vs 20.0% (13/59), P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONCombination of LDP and GLT could effectively prevent and treat the development of DR in T2DM patients.

Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; drug therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Tablets

Objective To check the maneuverability of the nursing safety management indicators for skilled nursing facilities.Methods A hospital based skilled nursing facility in Chongqing was chosen as the main study target while a Red Cross nursing hospital in Shanghai which operated earlier was also included as a comparison object.Combination of files reference,on-the-scene observation,manager interviews,sampling survey and institution's self-assessment,scores of indicators were calculated,and the total scores for both institutions were calculated as well.Results The institution from Chongqing marked 81 points while the other one got 86 points.Conclusions The indicator system had good maneuverability and the weight of indexes was consistent with the practical requirement of safety management.This indicator system could provide reference for standardize skilled nursing facilities' management,but still needed further revision and consummation.

Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. It is important in terms of recognizing memory loss in older people as well as identifying a group of individuals at high risk of developing dementia and who may benefit from preventive strategies. Ginkgo biloba extract has been shown to possess polyvalent properties, such as anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation. Ginkgo biloba extract appears to have a neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective To explore the effect of biliary obstruction caused acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) on ultrastructure of gallbladder interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs),and the possible mechanism of impaired contraction of gallbladder smooth muscle. Methods Total 60 healthy adult guinea pigs were in this study. The guinea pigs AAC model was induced by common bile duct ligation (BDL). The guinea pigs were divided into five groups equally,including sham control group (Sham),BDL for 12 hours (BDL-12),24 hours (BDL-24),48 hours (BDL-48) and 72 hours (BDL-72)groups. The gallbladder specimens were collected by the end of study. Gallbladder pathological changes were observed with HE staining under light microscope. Three muscle strips were collected of each gallbladder,fixed in constant temperature water bath with different concentration of eight peptide cholecystokinin agonist (CCK-8,1010 mmol/L,10-9 mmol/L,10-8 mmol/L,10-7 mmol/L and 10-6mmol/L),acetylcholine (Ach,10-8 mmol/L,107 mmol/L,10-6 mmol/L,10-5 mmol/L,10-4 mmol/L)and potassium chloride (KC1) (60 mmol/L). The contraction activity of gallbladder muscle strips was recorded by tonotransducer. The ultrastracture changes of gallbladder ICC in sham,BDL-12 and BDL-72 groups was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Results There was no obvious inflammation in Sham and BDL-12 groups. Compared with sham group,there were significant differences of biology score of gallbladder in BDL-48 and BDL-72 groups (P＜0. 05). After adding CCK-8,Ach and KC1,the contraction amplitude of gallbladder muscle increased in each group,and in dose-dependent manner. Compared with sham group,the effect value of each other groups decreased significantly (P＜0. 05). Compared with sham group,the morphology of ICC changed in BDL-12group,and more obvious in BDL-72 group. Conclusion Biliary obstruction can induce AAC. At the earlier stage of ACC,the impaired contraction of gallbladder smooth muscle present even without gallbladder inflammation occurrence. ICC may play an important role in impaired contraction.

ObjectiveTo investigate the genomic and non-genomic effects of 17β-estradiol on gallbladder smooth muscle strips of guinea pig and their possible mechanism. MethodsAfter ovariectomized operation (OVX) and subcutaneous injection of 17β-estradiol, the contents of serum estradiol and cholecystokinin-octopeptide (CCK-8) of the sham operation group (Sham) guinea pigs, the OVX group, the OVX and subcutaneous injection 17β-estradiol for 1 day (OVX+E2, 1 d), 3 days (OVX+E2, 3 d) and 7 days (OVX+E2, 7 d) were detected by EILSA respectively. The effects of CCK-8/Ach on constriction of gallbladder muscle strip were observed among various groups by using tension transducer, and the acute effects of 17β-estradiol on guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle strips were observed to probe its possible mechanism. ResultsCompared with the Sham group, the serum contents of estradiol and CCK-8 decreased in OVX group (P＜ 0. 05) whereas the sensitivity of OVX guinea pigs gallbladder muscle strips to CCK-8/Ach increased (P＜0.05). With the extension of the subcutaneous injection 17β-estradiol time (for 1, 3, 7 days), both the serum estradiol and CCK level increased (P＜ 0.05) while the guinea pig gallbladder strips sensitivity to CCK-8/Ach decreased (P＜0.05).17β-estradiol at concentration ranging from 10 9 to 10-7 mol/L have no effect on the guinea pig gallbladder strips contraction (P＞0.05), but at concentration of 10-6 and 10 5 mol/L, it can inhibit the gallbladder contraction (P＜0.05). The blocking agents, such as nimodipine, atropine, devazepide, ICI 182,780 and Y-27632, can block the inhibited effects of 17β-estradiol. ConclusionThe 17β-estradiol can affect the gallbladder motility, both by genomic and non-genomic pathway.

Sleep quality is closely related to human health. It is very important to correctly discriminate the sleep stages for evaluating sleep quality, diagnosing and analyzing the sleep-related disorders. Polysomnography (PSG) signals are commonly used to record and analyze sleep stages. Effective feature extraction and representation is one of the most important steps to improve the performance of sleep stage classification. In this work, a collaborative representation (CR) algorithm was adopted to re-represent the original extracted features from electroencephalogram sig- nal, and then the kernel entropy component analysis (KECA) algorithm was further used to reduce the feature dimension of CR-feature. To evaluate the performance of CR-KECA, we compared the original feature, CR feature and readied CR feature (CR-PCA) after principal component analysis (PCA). The experimental results of sleep stage classification indicated that the CR-KECA method achieved the best performance compared with the original feature, CR feature, and CR-PCA feature with the classification accuracy of 68.74 +/- 0.46%, sensitivity of 68.76 +/- 0.43% and specificity of 92.19 +/- 0.11%. Moreover, CR algorithm had low computational complexity, and the feature dimension after KECA was much smaller, which made CR-KECA algorithm suitable for the analysis of large-scale sleep data.
Algorithms ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Humans ; Polysomnography ; Principal Component Analysis ; Sleep Stages ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; diagnosis ; Software

Currently, bacterial resistance situation in health care settings is very serious in China, and the prevalence of a variety of common multidrug-resistant bacteria and pan-resistant bacteria are relatively high. Drug-resistant bacteria in Gram-positive bacteria are mainly methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) and macrolide-resistant Streptococcus, while glycopeptide-resistant enterococci are still at a low level.The clonal distribution of MRSA and mechanisms of Streptococcus resistance in China are different from those in European and American countries.Cephalosporins and quinolones resistance are the marked characteristic of Enterobacteriaceae with a high occurrence over 60%. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae shows a rapid upward trend, and producing KPC-2 type carbapenemases is the main mechanism of its resistance.Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is relatively stable, with resistant rates ranging from 20%to 30%.Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a big problem in clinic.More than 50% Acinetobacter baumannii strains are resistant to carbapenems and cephalosporins, and tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is increasing.This paper systematically reviews the status and characteristics of bacterial resistance in last five years with referring to the surveillance data of antimicrobial resistance and the findings of related mechanisms.

Astrocytoma ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Prognosis