Objective The differential diagnosis of female precocious puberty (PP) and premature breast development (PT) was made by ultrasound and related hormone levels,so as to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis.Methods In this study,from 2015 to 2016 due to early breast enlargement (age ＜ 8 years) to our hospital pediatric patients with children,according to the diagnostic criteria were divided into PP group and PT group.Ultrasonography was performed on all patients and graded according to the criteria.At the same time,the levels of clinical and hormones were compared between the two groups.ROC analysis was used to identify the significant differences.Results In this study,a total of 60 cases of female children,including PP and PT children were 30 cases.Ultrasonic breast grading was positively correlated with age,BA,BD,LH level,FSH level and E2 level,but there was no correlation between BA/CA.There was no statistical difference between the breast ultrasound and the breast diameter (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of LH and FSH,basal LH/ FSH,LF and FSH peak and LH/FSH peak in the PP group were significantly higher than those in the PT group (P ＜ 0.05).The ROC analysis found 100％ sensitivity and 85％ specificity for LH/FSH peak ＞0.25 for diagnosis of PP,with a 72％ sensitivity and a specificity of 65％ for basal LH ＞ 0.1 mIU/ml.The SHBG level was the only one that did not overlap [PP:80.6 (62.3-95.4) vs PT:114.5 (107.6-121.5)].There was no significant difference in kisspeptin,leptin and neurokinin B between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Breast ultrasound by grading and measurement of breast buds can be effective in evaluating the development of female precocious puberty breast development,but can not identify PP and PT.The study found that SHBG concentration and peak ratio of LH/FSH can effectively identify PP and PT,but kisspeptin,neurokinin B and leptin is not enough to identify PP and PT.

Animals ; Aorta ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloride Channels ; physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To establish a monitoring and evaluation indicator framework in the context of malaria elimination in pilot areas in China,so as to further assess the malaria elimination work in the future. Methods Based on the consultancy, and according to the government documents such as Action Plan for Malaria Elimination in China (2010-2020),Technical Guidance for Malaria Elimination,Programme Evaluation on Malaria Elimination,the indicators were set up at both provincial and county levels and their application was conducted in Yunnan and Anhui provinces to assess the accountability,accessibility and applicability. Results An indicator framework was built up including four key components,which were input,process, output and impact indicators,in which 95 were provincial indicators and 98 were county indicators. The completion rate of the indicators of Yunnan and Anhui provinces were 94.7%(90/95)and 95.8%(91/95)respectively;and the completion rate of in?dicators of Tengchong and Feidong counties were 93.9%(92/98)and 92.9%(91/98)respectively. Conclusion The estab?lished indicator framework is reliable and applicable,which could effectively help to track the malaria elimination progress and identify gaps.

Objective To investigate the effects of immune system and immuno-related miRNAs expression in low-dose benzene and its homologue mixed-exposed workers in a short time. Methods A total of 40 workers were recruited from a petrochemical factory ,and their blood samples were collected before and after work to detect the levels of IgA,IgG,IgM,IFN-γ,IL-1β,IL-2,IL-8,TNF-αin serum and miRNA-146a,-155 expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell. In the meanwhile ,we measured the individual benzene and its homologue exposure level of recruited workers. Results According to the concentration of benzene ,the subjects were divided into benzene-exposed group(20 workers)and control group(20 workers). And toluene exposure level in benzene-exposed group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05). Significant decrease of IgG was found in benzene-exposed workers after one work shift,compared with control group(P<0.05). Moreover,the interaction between benzene and toluene was significant correlated with the decrease of IL-1β and TNF-α(P < 0.05). Additionally,the interaction between miRNA-155 and miRNA-146a was significant correlated with the decrease of TNF-α(P<0.05). Conclusions:Occupational exposure to low-dose benzene and toluene in a short time could decrease immune function. And there may be an effect of miRNAs in the regulation of cytokine.

Objectives Use ITS gene sequence analysis to identify 15 strains of dematiaceous fungi , to learn the types of pathogenic strains and clinical treatment. Methods By observing the colony morphology and microscope morphological of the dematiaceous fungi isolated from superficial mycoses , and identified by ITS gene sequence analysis. Results 15 strains were identified by morphological observation as dematiaceous fungi.The amplified bands were identified by Tanon-3500 gel imaging system between 500 ~ 700 bp. Blast sequencing results show that 2 strains Alternaria alternate , 2 strains Cladosporium sphaerospermum. 2 strains Exophiala dermatitis, 1 strains Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Talaromyces rugulosus, Phaeobotryon cupressi, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Fonseceea pedrosoi, Exophiala werneckii, Exophiala oligosperma and Fonsecaea monophora. Conclusion ITS gene sequence analysis can identify dematiaceous fungi effectively , avoided undetected and misdiagnose cause by the lack of clinical experience.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effects and safety of propofol and remifentanil anaesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil anaesthesia for cleft lip and palate repair surgery in children.

METHODSForty children undergoing elective cleft lip and palate repair surgery were randomly divided into two groups, 20 in each group. Group PR: Propofol and remifentanil anaesthesia; and group S: Sevoflurane and remifentanil anaesthesia. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse oxygen saturation (SPO2), and end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) were observed, and recorded at the time before the induction (T0), after 15 min of induction (T1), after 30 min of induction (T2), and after 1 min of extubation (T3). The time to extubation, incidence of restlessness, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and the complication of the airway were recorded.

RESULTSThere were no significantly differences between the two groups with respect to sex, age, weight, category of operation, and the time of operation. In group PR, after the period of induction, two children used atropine for bradycardia. One was 3-years-old, and the other was 8-years-old. The HR of former was lower than 100 beats per minute, and the latter was lower than 70 beats per minute. The average of HR in group PR was increased after 1 min of extubation compared with that before induction (P<0.05). In group S, the average of HR was increased in 30 min after induction and 1 min after extubation (P<0.05), and HR kept in faster range compared with that in group PR (P<0.05) at the 15 min and 30 min after induction. During the operation, SPO2 and ETCO2 of both groups consistently maintained in normal range. The time to extubation was comparable in two groups. The incidence of agitation after surgery was significantly higher in group S (8 cases) than that in group PR (2 cases). There were no records of nausea, vomiting, asphyxia, and laryngospasm.

CONCLUSIONPropofol and remifentanil anaesthesia was more significantly inhibited the HR of children. The emergence agitation has higher incidence in sevoflurane anaesthesia. Both methods can attain extubation requirement quickly.

Anesthesia ; Child ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methyl Ethers ; Piperidines ; Propofol

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of edaravone on expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and neuron apoptosis in the juvenile rat hippocampus after status convulsion (SC).

METHODSOne hundred and ninety-five juvenile male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal saline (NS) control group, status convulsive group and edaravone treatment group. Each group was further divided into five subgroups for different time points. The rats in status convulsive group were kindled into epilepsy by lithium-pilocarpine chemical method. Expressions of IL-1beta and NF-kappaB proteins were detected with immunohistochemistry methods. Expression of NF-kappaB mRNA was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The neuron apoptosis was observed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).

RESULTS(1) Measured by immunohistochemistry the value of IOD of IL-1beta (30.83 +/- 3.81, 41.00 +/- 5.61, 36.32 +/- 6.78 and 28.48 +/- 4.61, respectively, 12-72 h points) and NF-kappaB (67.60 +/- 5.81, 74.61 +/- 7.94, 82.43 +/- 10.67, 70.70 +/- 5.85 and 68.22 +/- 9.67, respectively, 4-72 h points) positive cells in the SC group increased,there was significant difference compared with NS group (IL-1beta: 11.74 +/- 2.32, 12.93 +/- 2.49, 13.02 +/- 2.83 and 12.98 +/- 5.29, respectively, 12-72 h points. NF-kappaB: 48.67 +/- 16.14, 44.62 +/- 7.82, 53.16 +/- 114.45, 54.27 +/- 5.25 and 55.56 +/- 7.56, respectively, 4-72 h points) (P < 0.01, or P < 0.05). By ED intervention in IL-1beta (22.01 +/- 4.45, 28.28 +/- 4.50 and 26.00 +/- 5.34, respectively, 12-48 h points) and NF-kappaB (58.56 +/- 6.37, 59. 86 +/- 6.73, 70.00 +/- 10.09, 64.78 +/- 7.56 and 64.45 +/- 6.51, respectively, 4-72 h points) positive cells value of the IOD decreased as compared with SC group (P < 0.01, or P < 0.05). (2) Measured by RT-PCR, the expression of NF-KB mRNA and protein trend was similar. (3)The TUNEL positive cells in hippocampus, CA1 of SC group (11.41 +/- 2.37) were more than that of NS group 12 h after the SC (P < 0.01), reached its highest level at48 h (28.78 +/- 5.11), after the intervention with edaravone (8.98 +/- 2.22, 13.09 +/- 2.54 and 20. 57 +/- 4.89, respectively, 12-48 h points) ,TUNEL positive cells showed a significant drop in SC group at 12-48 h time points (P < 0.01, or P < 0.05), but still significantly higher than that of the NS group (6.22 +/- 1.50, 6.57 +/- 1.61 and 6.72 +/- 1.14, respectively) (P < 0.01, or P < 0.05), at the 4 h time point(NS group 6.29 +/- 1.49, SC group 6.61 +/- 1.71, ED group 5.75 +/- 1.41) among the three groups, no significant difference in TUNEL positive cells was found (P = 0.759).

CONCLUSIONSEdaravone inhibited expression of IL-1beta and NF-kappaB in pilocarpine-induced seizures in rat hippocampus, reduced the number of neuronal apoptosis. These results suggest that edaravone may have protective effect against the damage caused by status convulsion.

Animals ; Antipyrine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seizures ; metabolism ; pathology

Abstract: The demand for reliable toxicological data of chemicals runs through every link of occupational health work. The prevention of occupational diseases involves high requirements for the standardization of chemical toxicity assessment in occupational health institutions. Good laboratory practice (GLP) emphasizes the integrity of the test process to trace and supervise the whole process of the test, which is conducive to the standardization of chemical toxicity identification. Therefore, the standardized construction of GLP laboratories is an important starting point for occupational health institutions to carry out chemical toxicity identification. In the construction and management process of GLP laboratories for chemical toxicity identification, occupational health institutions need to build a sound organization and operation system, carry out systematic training and assessment of personnel, establish standard operating norms and emphasize their importance, strengthen the management of facility environment and laboratory, pay attention to quality control and process supervision, and constantly improve their own ability level. To actively adapt to social development and market demand, to provide strong support for occupational health work.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the expression of microRNA (miR)-let-7b in peripheral blood cells of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and investigate its relationship to clinical disease parameters.

METHODSPeripheral blood and serum samples were obtained for study from 60 PBC patients and 60 healthy controls. Peripheral blood cells were extracted and subjected to real-time PCR to measure miR-let-7b expression. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-18, total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured by standard biochemical assays. The relationship between miR-let-7b expression and disease parameters was assessed by Spearman's rank correlation test.

RESULTSPBC patients showed significantly lower expression of miR-let-7b in peripheral blood cells than healthy controls (P less than 0.001); moreover, the miR-let-7b expression level decreased in parallel to increases in disease severity (stage I > II / III > IV). In PBC patients, the miR-let-7b expression was significantly correlated with Mayo risk scores (r = -0.4930, P less than 0.001), IL-18 (r = -0.4643, P less than 0.001) and ALP (r = -4119, P less than 0.001), but not with TBIL or GGT.

CONCLUSIONDecreased expression of miR-let-7b may be associated with development and progression of PBC, and this miRNA may represent a novel target of improved diagnostic and preventive strategies for PBC.

Adult ; Aged ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-18 ; blood ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; blood ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence and mortality rates of preterm infants and the main causes of death.

METHODSThe basic information of preterm infants was collected from their medical records and admission/discharge records to analyze the incidence and mortality rates of preterm infants and the causes of their death.

RESULTSThere were 76 812 neonates born in the Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2006 to December 2016, among whom 5 585 (7.27%) were preterm infants. The incidence rate of preterm infants tended to increase over these years (P<0.001). The overall mortality rate was 5.01% (280/5 585), and the mortality rate tended to decrease over these years (P<0.001). The mortality rate increased with the reductions in birth weight and gestational age (P<0.001). The top four causes of death in preterm infants were respiratory distress syndrome (44.3%), severe asphyxia (12.9%), neonatal malformation (4.3%), and pulmonary hemorrhage (2.9%) respectively. With the increase in birth weight, there were significant reductions in the constituent ratios of death due to respiratory distress syndrome and severe asphyxia (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence rate of preterm infants tended to increase and their mortality rate tended to decrease from 2006 to 2016. The mortality rate of preterm infants is associated with gestational age and birth weight. Respiratory distress syndrome and severe asphyxia are the main causes of death in preterm infants.

Birth Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Time Factors