OBJECTIVE:To provide ideas for strengthening the supervision of vaccine. METHODS:According to the regulato-ry defects exposed in the case of Shandong vaccine,combined with own supervision and practice,the problems existing in vaccine regulation were analyzed to put forward suggestions to solve the problem. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:There are problems such as supervision system is not perfect;supervision laws and regulations were not perfect;supervision mode is not scientific and so on. It is suggested to perfect regulatory system,improve the regulatory legal system and innovative regulatory approach to ensure reasonable and effective supervision of the vaccine,and improve the quality and safety of the vaccine.

Acid/base mutants of glycosidases, namely thioglycoligases, are able to catalyze thioglycosides synthesis. Now, many thioglycoligases, including ?-thioglucoligase, ?-thiomannoligase, ?-thiogalactoligase, ?-thioxyloligase and ?-thioglucoligase, have been developed from bacteria and archaebacteria, and applied in synthesizing various thioglycoligases. Recently, thioglycoligases have been used to glycosylate the glycoprotein and firstly generate the thioglycoprotein. The novel extended synthetic function of glycosidases would promote the development of glycobiology, biotechnology and pharmacy.

Background Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a disease characterized by maternal inheritance.A number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation has been thought to be associated with this disease.Objective This study was to investigate the clinical and molecular genetic properties of LHON in two Chinese families.Methods Forty subjects from two Chinese families with LHON were enrolled in Affiliated First Hospital of Zhengzhou University,including 28 maternal members (10 of these members are LHON and 12 controls from two families.All the participants had a complete ophthalmic examination including visual acuity,direct ophthalmoscopy,color sensation and visual evoked potentials.MtDNA was extract from the whole blood sample of all participants.PCR-DNA sequencing was performed to detect the point mutation of the G11778A,T14484C,and G3462A for each subject.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to this study.Results Only G11778A point mutation was identified in all 28 maternal members from the two families.No point mutation of G11778A was identified in non-maternal members,and no point mutation of the T14484C and G3462A were found in the two families.Conclusions The inherited pattern of these two families shows typical clinical and genetic features of LHON.LHON patients with G1 1778A mutation have a poor prognosis of visual acuity.

A highly phytase-producing strain B.licheniformis LL8 was obtained by several mutagenesis of UV with B.licheniformis as starting strain.The new strain produced about two folds of phytase activity as compared with the starting strain. The production performance of the strain was stable. The cultivation conditions were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment. When the mutant B.licheniformis LL8 was cultivated at 55℃, initial pH 7.5 with the inoculation size of 10% for 30h in WBE medUm, the phytase activity was up to 2268.4U/mL.

Objective To observe the effect of Chinese medicine of replenishing the liver and kidney on the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in hippocampus and the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2)in median raphe nuclei in perimenopausal depression model rats and to explore its mechanism.Methods The animal model was established by resecting the ovaries of female rats,then giving isolation-housing in combination with 21 days of chronic unexpected mild stress(CUMS).High performance liquid chromatogram-electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD)were employed to measure 5-HT in hippocampus,the hemi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and fluorescence immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the relative expression of TPH2 mRNA and number of TPH2 immunoreactive neurons in median raphe nuclei.Results The concentration of 5-HT in hippocampus was increased in rats of the medicine group compared with that in the model group((2543.06±859.59)ng/g tissue,(1845.81±233.55)ng/g tissue,F=9.617,P＞0.05).RT-PCR showed that the relative expression of TPH2 mRNA in medicine group was much higher than that in model group ((1.282±0.158),(0.985±0.120),F=3.552,P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence showed that the number of TPH2 immunoreaetive neurons in raphe nuclei had statistical significance between medicine group and model group ((152.74±68.52),(74.12±38.01),F=7.939,P＜0.01).Conclusion Chinese medicine replenishing liver and kidney have effects of improving perimenopausal depression,increasing the expression of TPH2 in median raphe nuclei,which leads to enhance the synthesis of 5-HT in hippocampus might be one of its mechanisms.

Objective To reproduce an experimental model of microsurgical reversible obstruction jaundice by micro-surgical technique. Methods Eight Banna miniature pigs were equally and randomly assigned into model group and control group. An improved Foley catheter was put into gall bladder of the pigs in the control group. A biliary calculus removal balloon tube was inserted into the common bile duct through the cystic duct in the experimental group to establish either partial or total biliary obstruction. The obstruction could be relieved by withdrawing the balloon tube from the common bile duct. Biliary tract visualization was conducted to evaluate the biliary obstruction, and venous blood samples were collected to determine the liver function (such as serum levels of TBIL and ALT etc.) in all pigs on the 2nd, 4th and 6th day after operation. Results Cholangiography showed a progressive dilation of both common hepatic duct and intrahepatic bile duct in the experimental group when the partial biliary obstruction was induced. During the periods when the total biliary obstruction was created the common bile duct, the common hepatic duct and intrahepatic bile duct of the animals in the experimental group were dilated progressively too. Both intra- and extra- hepatic bile ducts changed significantly compared to the control group. The dilatation subsided following the relief of obstruction. There was no dilatation of the bile duct in the control group. The serum levels of TBIL and ALT were significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group, and they were lowered after the relief of obstruction. Conclusion A microsurgical reversible obstruction jaundice model has been successfully reproduced with a biliary calculus removal balloon tube. It may provide a reliable experimental method for researches on the pothogenesis and treatment of obstruction jaundice.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Qihuang herbal warm bag on primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: Thirty-two patients with primary dysmenorrhea were selected as subjects and treated by compression with the herbal warm bag for two months. The curative effect was evaluated, and prostaglandin F2a(PGF2a) and β-endorphin(β-EP) were measured before and after treatment. Results: The herbal warm bag had positive effects on dysmenorrhea at different degrees and could decrease the contents of blood PGF2a and β-EP. Conclusion: The herbal warm bag is quite effective for primary dysmenorrhea possibly by decreasing serum PGF2a and increasing serum β-EP.

Using the field sampling and indoor soil cultivation methods, the dynamic of ginseng rhizosphere soil microbial activity and biomass with three cultivated ages was studied to provide a theory basis for illustrating mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng. The results showed that ginseng rhizosphere soil microbial activity and biomass accumulation were inhibited observably by growing time. The soil respiration, soil cellulose decomposition and soil nitrification of ginseng rhizosphere soil microorganism were inhibited significantly (P <0.05), in contrast to the control soil uncultivated ginseng (R0). And the inhibition was gradual augmentation with the number of growing years. The soil microbial activity of 3a ginseng soil (R3) was the lowest, and its activity of soil respiration, soil cellulose decomposition, soil ammonification and soil nitrification was lower than that in R0 with 56.31%, 86.71% and 90. 53% , respectively. The soil ammonification of ginseng rhizosphere soil microbial was significantly promoted compared with R0. The promotion was improved during the early growing time, while the promotion was decreased with the number of growing years. The soil ammonification of R1, R2 and R3 were lower than that in R0 with 32.43%, 80.54% and 66.64% separately. The SMB-C and SMB-N in ginseng rhizosphere soil had a decreased tendency with the number of growing years. The SMB-C difference among 3 cultivated ages was significant, while the SMB-N was not. The SMB of R3 was the lowest. Compared with R0, the SMB-C and the SMB-N were significantly reduced 77.30% and 69.36%. It was considered by integrated analysis that the leading factor of continuous cropping obstacle in ginseng was the changes of the rhizosphere soil microbial species, number and activity as well as the micro-ecological imbalance of rhizosphere soil caused by the accumulation of ginseng rhizosphere secretions.
Agriculture ; Ammonium Compounds ; metabolism ; Bacteria ; growth & development ; Biomass ; Cellulose ; metabolism ; Nitrification ; Panax ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Rhizosphere ; Soil ; chemistry ; Soil Microbiology ; Time Factors

Objective: To apply the NRS2002 to screen the nutritional status of preoperative patients and investigate the nutrition support in the perioperation and clinical outcomes. Methods: 127 selective operational cases(including general surgery,thoracic surgery,gynecology and orthopedic) were recruited to adopte the NRS2002 which issued by CESPN in 2006,and the nutrition support,energy and nutriment in the perioperation,complications,length of stay and drug costs were investigated. Result: 30.7% patients needed nutrition support,with general surgery(28.3%) being higher than thoracic surgery(2.4 %),gynecology(0%) and orthopedic(0%).The nutritional risk in elderly,carcinoma,abdominal operation patients were 18.1%,19.7% and 18.1% seperately,which was higher than others(P