At present, the percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) and the self-expandable metal stent implantation are commonly recognized as an effective treatment for inoperable malignant biliary obstruction, but the restenosis of biliary stent significantly affect the therapeutic result and prognosis.Percutaneous transhepatic intraductal radiofrequency ablation can be used together with biliary stent implantation, which can prolong the patency time of biliary stent and control the local tumor at the narrowed segment, thus, the therapeutic effect of malignant biliary obstruction can be reliably improved. As a kind of newly-developed therapy, its clinical safety is especially important. This paper aims to make a review about the safety of percutaneous transhepatic intraductal radiofrequency ablation combined with biliary stent implantation in treating malignant biliary obstruction.

Objective To investigate the association between resting heart rate(RHR)and dyslipidemia. Methods A total of 772 subjects(average age:40. 1 ± 11.8 years;male:74. 7%)were recruited by random sampling method from medical checkup population. The survey data included resting heart rate,blood lipid and other metabolic parameters. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the RHR,as RHR ＜ 70 bpm,70 bpm ≤ RHR ＜ 80 bpm,RHR ≥ 80 bpm groups. Results RHR were positively correlated with triglyceides (TG),as well as total cholesterol(TC)(r = 0. 316 and r = 0. 110 respectively,all P value ＜ 0. 05). Low RHR had no significant correlation with HDL-C or LDL-C. The prevalences of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia increased significantly with RHR elevation(χ2 = 7. 214 and 5. 285 respectively,all P value ＜ 0. 05). By logistic regression analysis,adjusted for BMI,gender,serum creatinine,serum uric acid,fasting blood glucose and age,we found that compared with RHR ＜ 70 bpm group,the odds ratio(OR)values for hypertriglyceridemia was 1. 540 (95%CI:1. 086-2. 185,P=0. 016)in 70 bpm≤RHR ＜80 bpm group and 1.640(95% CI:1.067 -2.523,P =0. 024)in 80 bpm ≤ RHR group,and the OR values for hypercholesterolemia was 1.197(95 % CI: 0.749 - 1.913,P=0.453)in70 bpm≤RHR ＜80 bpm group and 1.814(95% CI:1. 036-3. 177,P =0.037)in 80 bpm≤RHR group. Conclusions RHR is independently and positively correlated with the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and the blood levels of both lipid. RHR has no significant correlation with HDL-C or LDL-C level.

Relapse, which puzzled several generations of hematologists, is the bottle-neck of radical treatment for leukemias. The progress of Human Microbiome Project at the beginning of 21st century suggested that human body was a super-organism constituted by the core of human cells and symbiotic microorganisms. The elucidation and characterization of endogenous retrovirus and prion protein suggested the possible effects of co-evolutional microorganisms on human health. Recently, the elucidation of the roles of tunneling nanotubes in intercellular communication and transportation suggested a novel way for cellular communication and transport of oncogenic materials. The role and significance of in vivo cell fusion have been studied in more detail. On the other hand, donor cell leukemia was reported. All of these approaches provide novel insights for studying the mechanism of leukemia relapse. Based on previous work, the authors suggest the hypothesis: there are two possible mechanisms for the relapse of leukemias: the minimal residual disease (MRD) and intercellular transportation of oncogenic materials.
Cell Fusion ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Neoplasm, Residual ; pathology ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Yigu capsule contained serum on mRNA and protein expression of osteoblast estrogen receptor (ER), for investigating the mechanism of its preventing and treating osteoporosis by means of regulating estrogen.

METHODSOsteoblasts separated from newborn SD rats were cultured, and divided into 3 groups after being passaged, i.e. the drug-serum treated group, the blank serum group and the DMEM medium control group. The relative amount of ERalpha and ERbeta expression were determined with RT-PCR, the affinity (expressed by equilibrium dissociation constant, KD) and number of ER (RT) were analysed by radioligand assay.

RESULTSThe relative amount of ERbeta mRNA expression were increased in the drug-serum group, with significant difference as compared with that in the other two groups (P < 0.05), but no significant difference among the three groups in ERa mRNA expression (P > 0.05). KD in the drug-serum group showed insignificant difference as compared with that in the other two groups (P > 0.05), but RT increased in the drug-serum group and the difference in the three groups was significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDrug-contained serum of Yigu capsule can up-regulate the expression of osteoblast ERbeta mRNA and increase the amount of ERs. Regulating estrogen is possibly one of the mechanisms of Yigu capsule in preventing and treating osteoporosis.

Animals ; Capsules ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Separation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Estrogen ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Serum

The rapid development of computer technology, molecular pharmacology and molecular biology extremely promoted the extensive and successful application of virtual screening technique (VST) in pharmaceutical exploitation. Based on plentiful literature and their own previous work, the authors elaborated the principles, methodology and strategy of VST systematically, gave a retrospection on the application of VST in the field of TCM in the last several years, and supposed that along with deepening of understanding, VST would play a greater role in TCM.
Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Drug Design ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Software ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecular non-coding RNA with 21-25 nucleotides in a variety of eukaryotic systems, and regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by degrading or translational repressing target messenger RNA (mRNA). Many studies have showed the roles of miRNAs in normal lymphocytopoiesis, giving an interpretative key to the aberrant expression observed in human lymphoid malignancies. The recent advances of understanding the roles of miRNAs in lymphoid malignancies show that miRNAs as tumoral biomarkers can effectively be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to therapy. This review focuses the roles of miRNA in development and differentiation of lymphocytes and the relation of miRNA to lymphoid malignancies.
Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Lymphopoiesis ; genetics ; MicroRNAs ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

BACKGROUND:Catheter-related infection (CRI) of the central vein is a common cause of nosocomial infection. This study was undertaken to investigate the pathogen culturing and risk factors of CRI in emergency intensive care unit (EICU) in order to provide the beneficial reference.METHODS:From January 2008 to December 2010, a total of 1363 patients were subjected to catheterization. In these patients, the peak CRI rate of the patients was determined by bacterial cultivation and blood bacterial cultivation.RESULTS:CRI happened in 147 of the 1363 patients using the central venous catheter. The peak rate of CRI was 10.79％, with an incidence of 3.05 episodes per 1000 catheter days. Of the 147 patients, 46.94％ had gram-negative bacilli, 40.14％ had gram-positive cocci, and 12.92％ had fungi. Unconditional logistic regression analysis suggests that multiple catheterization, femoral vein catheterization, the application of multicavity catheter, and the duration of catheterization were the independent risk factors for CRI.CONCLUSION:The risk factors for catheter-related infections should be controlled to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

ObjectiveTo investigate the intensity of degrading plasma fibrinogen(FIB) and the therapeutic effectiveness of defibrase on treating cerebral ischemia by different administrated ways. MethodsIntraluminal suture method was used to develop reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MACO). 154 healthy male Wistar rats were randomized into 2 groups. The rats in intravenous treatment group were injected defibrase intravenously at 0.5,3,6,9,12hours after MACO,while the rats in coeliac treatment group were injected defibrase by abdominocentesis. Meanwhile the control group received normal saline. All rats were killed at 24 hours after MCAO. The thrombus in middle cerebral artery (MCA) and cerebral infarction were examined microscopically in HE stained sections. Infarction volume was measured by using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. 24 rats were selected randomly and injected defibrase by intravenous injection and abdominocentesis. Plasma FIB was measured before and after injection 1,3,6,12,24h by intravenous haemospasia. ResultsPlasma FIB was significantly reduced in intravenous treatment group, and it was lowerest in 3h after intravenous treatment.Clinical Neurological Deficits Scale and infarction volume was significantly reduced in intravenous treatment group than saline control group and coeliac treatment group.There was improvement in Clinical Neurological Deficits Scale in coeliac treatment group compared with that of saline control group, but there was no statistically significant differences at infarction volume.Clinical Neurological Deficits Scale and infarction volume was statistically significant differences in intravenous treatment group at 0.5,3 hours after MCAO. There were no statistically significant differences in intravenous treatment group at 6, 9,12 hours after MCAO.Conclusions Defibrase can reduce the infarction volume in cerebral ischemia early stage.

Objective To observe the morphologic changes of peripheral blood lupus cell in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and investigate its relationship with disease activity in systemic lupus ery- thematosus.Methods Modified classical blood clotting method to observe the morphological changes of pe- ripheral blood lupus cells in 80 cases with systemic lupus erythematosus.Fifty cases were in active stage,and 30 cases were in stable stage.Comparison of serum autoantibody,complement and SLEDAI were also carried out.Results There was significant association between lupus cells in special morphous and autoantibody, such as anti-double-stranded DNA antibody,anti-nucleosome antibodies,complement C3、C4 and SLEDAI(r= 0.588,P=0.056:r=0.759,P=0.135;r=-0.648,P=0.058;r=-0.589,P=0.057,r=0.686,P

In Taiwan, the first human-infecting H6N1 avian influenza virus was isolated in 2013. To better understand the origin, evolutionary relationship and pathogenesis of the H6N1 virus, we studied the adaptive evolution and evolutionary dynamics of the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of the H6N1 virus in Taiwan. We felt that such studies woud contribute to the further study and control of the virus. Datasets were gained from the Flu and Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) databases. Then, phylogenetic trees and evolutionary dynamics were reconstructed. The evolutionary rate and characterization of adaptive evolution were analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Results indicated that the HA genes of H6N1 in Taiwan were divided into at least five types, and that the new types that the infected human H6N1 belonged to could be local advantage type at present. Evolutionary dynamics revealed the viral population expanded first at the end of 1971, reduced sharply in 2008, and then increased slightly. Three sites were identified under positive selection, suggesting that various sites might increase the adaptive ability of the virus. Eighty-nine sites were under negative selection, revealing that these sites might play an important role in the replication and epidemiology of the virus. Interestingly, site 329 upstream from the cleavage site was also under negative selection, suggesting that this site might be associated with the virulence of H6N1. These data suggest that the HA genes of the Taiwanese H6N1 virus have been undergoing adaptive evolution, and that an outbreak may occur again. Hence, more attention should be paid to the identified sites, to enable timely monitoring and control of a future epidemic.
Animals ; Birds ; Evolution, Molecular ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; Influenza A virus ; genetics ; Influenza in Birds ; virology ; Taiwan