Objective To observe the effect of exercise on insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods Thirty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (NC group) and a high-fat group (HF group),fed with normal chow and a high fat diet respectively.Eighteen weeks later,insulin resistance had appeared in the HF group.The HF group was then randomly subdivided into a high-fat diet control group (HC group,fed a high fat diet) and an exercise group (HE group,fed a high fat diet and subjected to swimming training for 6 weeks).After 24 weeks,an insulin sensitivity index was calculated.Serum free fatty acid (FFA) and skeletal muscle triglyceride (TG) were detected.Phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate kinase-α (AMPKα) in skeletal muscle was detected by Western blotting.Results At twenty-four weeks the insulin sensitivity of the HC group had decreased significantly compared to the NC group.Serum FFA level and skeletal muscle TG content had both increased.Average phosphorylation of AMPKα in the HC group decreased to 48.7% of the NC group average.Compared to the HC group,insulin sensitivity and phosporylation of AMPK-α were elevated significantly in the HE group.Serum FFA level and skeletal muscle TG content were both lower.However,compared to the NC group,both serum FFA level and skeletal muscle TG content had increased in the HE group,while insulin sensitivity and phosphorylation of AMPKα had significantly decreased.Conclusions Exercise can significantly improve insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet through decreasing serum FFA level and ectopic li-pid accumulation in skeletal muscle.

Objective To describe the status of nurse work engagement and to explore the relationship between work engagement and work-related flow experience.The study results provided the basis for how the nurse managers stimulate enthusiasm of nurses and let them devote themselves to work.Methods A convenience sample of 127 nurses from one major hospitals in Beijing city was recruited.Work Engagement Scale and Work-related Flow Experience Questionnaire were used in this study.Results The scores of work engagement were (3.18±0.59),at moderate level.Age,education level and professional titles were the influential factors of nurses' work engagement.The scores of work-related flow experience were (3.48±0.45),at moderate level.The scores of clear goals,focus on tasks,balance of skills and challenges were the top three dimensions of the work-related Flow Experience Questionnaire.Except for the two dimensions,the integration of action and awareness and the weakening of self-awareness,other dimensions of the work-related flow experience appeared statistically significant correlation to the scores of work engagement (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Most were moderate positive correlations.Conclusions Both the work engagement and the work-related flow experience are at moderate level.The nurse managers needed to take active measures to enable nurses to have more positive experiences and happiness,so as to enhance nursing work input,to improve quality of care and job satisfaction.

Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Interleukin-11 ; pharmacology ; Male ; Platelet Count ; Thrombopoietin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical effects and safety of small dose of octreotide for preventing hyperamylasemia and acute pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).METHODS:One hundred and twenty ERCP pa tients were selected from our hospital during Oct.2014-Jan.2015 and then divided in to observation group and control group in accordance with random number table,with 60 cases in each group.Both groups were given Diazepam tablet 10 mg+Meperidine hydrochloride tablet 100 mg+Phenobarbital scopolamine tablet 2 tablets 0.5 h before surgery for sedation and analgesia,and routine acid suppression and anti-infective therapy.Observation group was additionally given Octreotide acetate injection 0.1 mg hypodermically and then given Octreotide acetate injection 0.1 mg immediately after surgery,8 h after surgery.The levels of serum amylase and blood glucose were observed in 2 groups,and the occurrence of postoperative complication and ADR were recorded.RESULTS:Before operation,there was no statistical significance in the levels of serum amylase and blood glucose between 2 groups (P＞ 0.05).After operation,the level of serum amylase in control group was significantly higher than in observation group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in blood glucose level between 2 groups after operation (P＞0.05).The incidence of hyperamylasemia and ADR in observation group was significantly lower than in control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05),and there was no statistical significance in the incidence of acute pancreatitis between 2 groups after operation (P＞0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Small dose of octreotide can effectively reduce the level of serum amylase and the incidence of hyperamylasemia after ERCP with good safety.

Aim To explore the role of progesterone re-ceptor B ( PRB ) in regulation of medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA) sensitivity in endometrial cancer cells, and to investigate the effect of MPA on the biological character in Ishikawa cells infected with shRNA targe-ting PRB gene. Methods Ishikawa cells were stably transfected with PRB shRNA using lentivirus to knock-down endogenous PRB expression. Real-time fluores-cent quantitative PCR was applied to confirm the knockdown effect. MTT assay, flow cytometry and cell invasion assay were applied to detect the influence of MPA on endometrial cancer cell proliferation, apopto-sis and invasion. We also used Western blot assay to detect the effect of MPA induced the activation of ERK/MAPK signal pathway. Results Recombinant lentiviral vector expressing shRNA targeting PRB gene was successfully established, results of real-time PCR and Western blot showed that compared with control group, PRB expression in Ishikawa cells infected with shRNA decreased obviously ( P <0.01 ); MPA could repress endometrial cancer cells proliferation and inva-sion, meanwhile promoted its apoptosis ( P <0.01 ) . However, the effect was almost reverse in Ishikawa cells infected with shRNA. Furthermore, MPA induced ERK/MAPK activation in Ishikawa cells infected with shRNA. Conclusions PRB plays a role in regulating therapeutic sensitivity of MPA in endometrial cancer cells;and for Ishikawa cells infected with shRNA tar-geting PRB gene, MPA has effects on the biological character via pERK1/2-MAPK signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the detection rate and possible factors of hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy) in children with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods The clinical data of children with CKD between July 2012 and September 2016 in the Department of Pediatrics,Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively collected.The homocysteine(Hcy) level of patients were measured.The other data included the general information,diagnosis and laboratory test results.Results Seventy-six pediatric patients with CKD were enrolled including 49 boys and 27 girls.The average age of the patients was (9.9±3.4) years old.The main cause of the patients in the study was primary glomerulopathy(48.7%,37/76 cases),and the rest were congenital and inherited glomerular diseases(36.8%,28/76 cases),secondary glomerular diseases(9.2%,7/76 cases)and renal tubular diseases(5.3%,4/76 cases).Fifty patients (65.8%,50/76 cases) had normal level of Hcy which was 10.40(7.30,11.62) μmol/L.Twenty-six patients(34.2%,26/76) were detected with HHcy whose Hcy level was 17.93(16.76,24.11) μmol/L.The detection rate of HHcy in CKD stage 1,stage 2,stage 3,stage 4 and stage 5 was 13.9%(5/36 cases),22.2%(2/9 cases),50.0%(4/8 cases),57.1%(4/7 cases) and 68.8%(11/16 cases) respectively,and the detection rate increased with CKD stages and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=17.574,P<0.001).The level of Hcy was 10.05(7.04,12.47) μmol/L,11.75(10.78,16.44) μmol/L,13.73(10.09,18.23) μmol/L,15.81(11.12,20.71) μmol/L and 17.39(11.86,24.76) μmol/L in CKD stage 1,stage 2,stage 3,stage 4 and stage 5,respectively.The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that the distribution of homocysteine in CKD stages had statistically significant difference(P=0.001).Multiple linear regression model showed that creatinine clearance was an independent predicator of HHcy.Conclusions In this study of the CKD patients,the detection rate of HHcy was high and increased with the progression of CKD.HHcy is mainly influenced by creatinine clearance in CKD.The level of Hcy should be monitored regularly in children with CKD and HHcy should be treated with proper measures.

Objective To find out and clarify the causes and the pathogens of vulvovagmitis in childhood girls, to determine the clinical treatment. Methods There were 345 cases of childhood girls .ranged from 18 days to 12 years, with symptoms of vulvovagini tis, and their vaginal secretions were examined by routine smear for cleaning degree, trichomonas , Candida and clue cells, gram-stain for neisseria gonorrhoeae, culture for bacteria, mycoplasma urealytium, mycoplasma hominis and chlamydia trachomatis. Results One hundred and nine pathogens were detected(31.6% of the whole cases ), including specific pathogen 70 cases(20. 3% )and non-specif ic pathogen 32 cases(9.3%). Gardnerella was detected most frequently in specific pathogen while enteric bacilli was detected most frequently in non-specific pathogen. Conclusions Non-specific vulvovaginitis is the most frequent cause in childhood vulvovagimtis, and bacterial vaginosis is the mast frequent in specific infection. Symptomatic treatment is effective, but antibiotic treatment should be based on pathogenic findings of vaginal secretions.

Objectives To explore the effect of holder pasteurization, frozen storage time and thawing methods on macronutrients and energy content of donor human milk, and to provide theoretical basis for the rational use of breast milk. Methods Thirty-three samples of donor human milk were collected and an aliquot of each sample was analyzed before and after pasteurization. The remaining milk after pasteurization was split into 9 aliquot , and frozen at -20 ℃. After 30, 60, and 90 days, the milk was thawed by three different methods of room tempe-rature, 4 ℃ refrigeration, and 37 ℃ water bath, respectively. The nutrient components of each aliquot were analyzed and compared. Results We observed a mild reduction in fat and energy content after pasteurization (P <0.05). A significant decrease of fat, protein and energy content with the prolonged storage time was observed (P <0.01), and during the whole process (pasteurization + frozen storage), the decrease of fat, protein and energy content was 36.6%, 32.6%and 22.6%, respectively. The protein was influenced mostly by different thawing methods and the content of protein reached highest while thawed at 4 ℃ refrigeration. Conclusions Holder pasteurization and frozen storage at-20℃significantly reduce fat, protein and energy content of donor human milk. The donor milk should be used as quickly as possible when applied for preterm infants and thawing at 4 ℃ refrigeration is recommended before delivery to newborn infants.

OBJECTIVE: To detect the serum level of a novel autoantibody, anti-tubulin-α-1C, in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to investigate its clinical significance. METHODS: Anti-tubulin-α-1C antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 62 patients with SSc, 38 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 24 primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients, and 30 healthy controls (HCs). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin A(IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), C3, C4, rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibody(ANA), anti-centromere antibodies(ACA), anticardiolipin (aCL), anti-dsDNA antibody, anti-Sm antibody, anti-RNP antibody, anti-Scl-70 antibody, anti-Ro52 antibody, anti-SSA antibody, anti-SSB antibody, centromere protein A(CENP-A), centromere protein B (CENP-B) were measured by standard laboratory techniques. Raynaud's phenomenon and modified Rodnan skin score(MRSS) were recorded to evaluate the disease status of SSc. Independent sample t test, Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman rank correlation were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The serum anti-tubulin-α-1C antibody concentration in SSc group was 81.24±34.38, the serum anti-tubulin-α-1C antibody concentration in SLE group was 87.84±38.52, the serum anti-tubulin-α-1C antibody concentration in pSS group was 59.79±25.24, and the serum anti-tubulin-α-1C antibody concentration in healthy group was 39.37±18.7. Multivariate analysis revealed that anti-tubulin-α-1C antibody levels were significantly increased in the SSc and SLE patients. The expression level of anti-tubulin-α-1C antibody in SSc was higher compared with the pSS group and the health control group (P < 0.01). Further analysis demonstrated that the elevated anti-tubulin-α-1C antibody were correlated with the SSc inflammation and disease activity markers ESR(r=0.313, P=0.019), The levels of anti-tubulin-α-1C antibody were also significantly correlated with MRSS(r=0.636, P < 0.01). The best cut-off value for the diagnose of SSc was 76.77 as mean+2SD value. The proportion of Raynaud's phenomenon was higher in the group of anti-tubulin-α-1C autoantibody-postive SSc patients than that in anti-tubulin-α-1C autoantibody negative group(71.4% vs. 37.5%, P=0.039). The proportions of anti-Scl-70 antibody, anti-CENP antibody and anti-cardiolipin antibody were higher in the group of anti-tubulin-α-1C autoantibody-postive SSc patients than in the anti-tubulin-α-1C autoantibody negative group (37.9% vs. 15.2%, 34.5% vs. 12.1%, 13.8 vs. 0, respectively, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on this explorative stu-dy, the level of anti-tubulin-α-1C antibody increased in the serum of the patients with SSc. There were correlations between anti-tubulin-α-1C autoantibody and clinical and laboratory indicators of the SSc patients. It may become a novel biomarker indicative of active SSc and could be applied in future clinical practice.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Autoantibodies ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; Sjogren's Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects on performances of high-speed dental handpieces subjected to autoclaving.

METHODSThe method of trial used to evaluate the effect of autoclaving included that ten chemical and ten biological indicators were arranged in each trial group being set by one sort of temperature and sterilization time. The range of temperature was from 100 degrees C to 134 degrees C and the sterilization time was from 1 to 45 minutes. The reliability of autoclaving was evaluated by the result of chemical indicator and the endospores of Bacillus stearothermophilus subjected to autoclaving. Ten newly imported and ten new domestic dental handpieces in two different brands were used to carry out this trial. The effects produced by autoclaving on performances of dental handpieces subjected to different type autoclaves were evaluated by some parameters.

RESULTSThe eligible outcome in killing test of the 221 sterilized dental handpieces proved that the sterilization effect of autoclaving on dental handpieces was reliable. The chemical indicators showed that under the condition of 121 degrees C it needed 20 minutes to reach sterilization standard in the inner package and only 15 minutes on the outer package, and under the condition of 134 degrees C it took 4 minutes to reach sterilization standard in the inner package while only 2 minutes on the outer package. This outcome proved that material with package was more time-consuming than that without package during autoclaving. Autoclaving has positive effects on the performance of dental handpieces, while the autoclave with less-time full sterilization cycle has less effect on it. The performance of dental handpieces sterilized by the autoclave with 6-minute full sterilization cycle might be restorable within certain times of sterilization cycle.

CONCLUSIONThe sterilization effect of autoclaving is reliable. In order to reduce the influence on the performance of dental handpieces subjected to autoclaving, it should be reasonable to use the autoclave by which a full sterilization cycle might take less time and no use of package.