Evidence has indicated that low doses of anti-tumor regimens can induce cell apoptosis in vitro, although different regimens induce apoptosis by different mechanism and pathway. In recent years, new tumor treatment strategy has been mainly focused on inducing tumor cell apoptosis. The present review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of inducing tumor cell apoptosis. The benefit of inducing apoptosis is not to cause inflammatory reaction, but as its disadvantage, it inhibits immune responses, and the phagocytosis of apopotic bodies may result in horizontal transfer of genes (including oncogenes and other oncogenic materials), which can be one of the causes of tumor relapse. This paper proposes that the tumor treatment strategy should be turn into promoting tumor cell necrosis and inducing anti-tumor immune responses.
Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Humans ; Necrosis ; chemically induced ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology

Gene Library ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; methods ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; diagnosis

Antirheumatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Juvenile ; therapy ; Biological Products ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Humans

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Silicon Dioxide ; adverse effects ; Silicosis ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo explore the application value of two-dimensional ultrasonic measurement of fetal left and right lung area, left and right pulmonary longitudinal diameter, left and right lung volume and total lung volume in evaluation of fetal lung development.MethodsIn 489 cases of normal singleton pregnancy, two-dimensional ultrasound scanning were conducted at 12-40 weeks. The left and right lung area was traced in the four chamber view using Trace method. The distances of left diaphragmatic dome to left lung apex and the right diaphragmatic dome to right lung apex were measured respectively on the left and right fetal lung parasagittal planes. Then calculation of left and right lung volume and total lung volume was carried out.ResultsSpearman correlation coefficient of gestational age and left and right lung area, left and right pulmonary longitudinal diameter, left lung volume and total lung volume were 0.929, 0.923, 0.923, 0.917, 0.946, 0.943, 0.951, and a positive correlation, with statistical significance (P<0.05). At 12-40 weeks, fetal left and right lung area, left and right pulmonary longitudinal diameter, left and right lung volume and total lung volume increased with gestational age and fetal growth. Pulmonary area increased faster before 26 weeks than that after 26 weeks. Pulmonary longitudinal diameter and lung volume grew at a constant rate throughout pregnancy, but the growth rate of pulmonary longitudinal diameter was slightly faster than that of lung volume. The fifth, twenty-fifth, fiftieth, seventy-fifth, ninety-fifth percentile of fetal left and right lung volume and total lung volume at 12-40 weeks were obtained. ConclusionsFetal left and right lung area, left and right pulmonary longitudinal diameter, left and right lung volume and total lung volume were positively correlated with gestational age between 12 and 40 week. The normal values of lung volume and total lung volume provide a reference index for prenatal diagnosis of fetal pulmonary hypoplasia. The fetal four chamber view and fetal left parasagittal section was easy to obtain, and may serve as a new conventional method in evaluating fetal lung developments.

Objective To investigate the CT features of pulmonary sarcoidosis.Methods Ninety patients with histologically proved pulmonary sarcoidosis were retrospectively studied by using CT scans and clinical recording.Results The main CT findings of pulmonary sarcoidosis were nodules which were seen in 69 cases(76.7%),and the nodules mostly distributed around the bronchovascular bundle(n=37, 41.1%).Other abnormalities included consolidation(n=31,34.4%),ground-grass(n=39,43.3 %), thickening of bronchovascular bundle(n=30,33.3%),interlobular septal lines(n=58,64.4%), fibrosis(n=17,18.9%)including bronchial distortion(n=8,8.9%),linear shadow(n=5,5.6%), and honeycombing shadow(n=4,4.4%),air-trapping(n=3,5.3%),bronchial straitness(n=8, 8.9%),pleural thickening(n=42,46.7%),and hilar and mediastinal adenopathy(n=76,84.4%). Two or more abnormal findings co-existed in 83 cases.The pulmonary lesions co-existed with hilar and mediastinal adenopathy in 76 cases.The nodules(n=25),consolidation(n=9),ground-grass(n=11), thickening of bronehovascular bundle(n=10)were improved after therapy.Ten cases of the interlobular septal(10/22),0 of bronchial distortion(0/4),1 case of diffuse linear(1/3),and 0 case of honeycombing(0/2)were improved.Conclusion CT manifestations of pulmonary sarcoidosis are varied, but has some specific radiographic features.A correct diagnosis can be made.combined with hilar and mediastinal adenopathy.

Objective To investigate clinical phenotype and the characteristics of gene mutation of patients with spinocercbellar ataxia type 2 and type 3.Methods The trinucleotide repeat mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),fluorescence-PCR and capillary electrophoresis in 9 patients and 43 members from 4 spinocerebellar ataxia families,1 sporadic patients,and 60 normal controls without family history.Results Six patients from 3 families and one sporadic patient had SCA3/MJD (CAG) n expansion mutation(n=68-75) ;Three patients from 1 family had SCA2 allele expansion for 37-41 times. Some of clinical menifestations were same among patients with type 2 or 3,while they showed significant difference in age of onset ,disease devetopment and nervous system injury.Conclusion The difference of clinical feature helps to distinguish SCA3/MJD and SCA2,however genotype analysis is the only method of definite diagnosis.

Abstract：Objective To analyse the level of measles antibody and serological susceptibility of the enterprise employees in Jin⁃ shan District，Shanghai in 2019，to provide references for measles prevention and control of enterprise employees. Methods A total of 1 796 employees were selected from 6 enterprises in Jinshan District by using a stratified random sampling method，of which serum samples from intravenous blood were collected and determined for IgG antibody level of measles by ELISA. Geo⁃ metric mean concentration（GMC）of measles IgG antibody，antibody positive rate and antibody protection rate were calculated and the susceptibility factors of measles in enterprise employees were analyzed by using the unconditional multivariate Logistic regression model. Results The GMC of measles antibody in 1 796 monitoring objects was 639. 71 mIU／mL，the positive rate was 87. 58% and the protection rate was 29. 06%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio（OR）of measles susceptibility was 1. 55（95% CI：1. 14 ~ 2. 12）in native subjects compared with non⁃resident subjects，while 2. 35 （95% CI：1. 35 ~ 4. 08）in subjects aged 40 ~ 49 years compared with those aged ≥ 50 years. Conclusion In 2019，the measles antibody level of enterprise employees in Jinshan District of Shanghai was low，and people aged 40 ~ 49，especially the nativeadults，wereathighriskofsusceptibilitytomeasles. Supplementaryimmunizationwithmeaslesvaccineshouldbecarried out for high⁃risk enterprise employees to reduce the risk of measles infection and control the epidemic situation of measles.

Persicae Semen (PS), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used for the syndrome of blood stasis in China since the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the present study, we developed an HPLC-UV fingerprint analysis method for the quality control of PS. The HPLC fingerprint was performed on Shimadzu Inertsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) at 35 degrees C. The mobile phases were composed of acetonitrile and water using a gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), and the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm. The fingerprint method was validated according to the Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection Fingerprint, and applied to determine 41 batches representative herbs collected from Xinjiang of China. The chromatographic peaks were characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and nine of them were identified by comparison with the literature and/or reference standards. In order to classify and assess the samples, hierarchical clustering analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis were performed based on the common chromatographic peaks, and the samples were geographically classified into two classes, with six chemical compounds as classification markers which were significantly different between the two classes (P < 0.05).
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Prunus ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; chemistry

Relapse, which puzzled several generations of hematologists, is the bottle-neck of radical treatment for leukemias. The progress of Human Microbiome Project at the beginning of 21st century suggested that human body was a super-organism constituted by the core of human cells and symbiotic microorganisms. The elucidation and characterization of endogenous retrovirus and prion protein suggested the possible effects of co-evolutional microorganisms on human health. Recently, the elucidation of the roles of tunneling nanotubes in intercellular communication and transportation suggested a novel way for cellular communication and transport of oncogenic materials. The role and significance of in vivo cell fusion have been studied in more detail. On the other hand, donor cell leukemia was reported. All of these approaches provide novel insights for studying the mechanism of leukemia relapse. Based on previous work, the authors suggest the hypothesis: there are two possible mechanisms for the relapse of leukemias: the minimal residual disease (MRD) and intercellular transportation of oncogenic materials.
Cell Fusion ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Neoplasm, Residual ; pathology ; Recurrence