Objective: To investigate whether the expression of Apollon (an apoptosis inhibitory gene) silenced by using RNA interference (RNAi) technology in combination with tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) intervention can increase the sensitivity of human myeloid leukemia K562 cells to vincristine (VCR) and daunorubicin (DNR). Methods: Using the best small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting Apollon gene which was screened out in a previous experiment, the eukaryotic expression vector pGPHI-GFP-Neo-Apollon was constructed. Then, the K562 cells were transfected with pGPHI-GFP-Neo-Apollon by LipofectamineTM 2000 and screened out by G418. After Apollon siRNA was transfected stably into K562 cells, the expressions of Apollon mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. The sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents VCR and DNR after RNAi in combination with TMP intervention were detected by MTT method, and apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Results: pGPHI-GFP-Neo-Apollon vector was constructed successfully and it could express stably in K562 cells, which silenced the expressions of Apollon mRNA and protein effectively. The sensitivity to VCR or DNR increased significantly after RNAi in combination with TMP intervention. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of VCR and DNR were significantly lower than those in the group of TMP intervention alone (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of K562 cells after transfection with Apollon siRNA in combination with TMP intervention was significantly increased comparing with that of the untreated control group and TMP intervention alone group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: RNAi targeting Apollon gene in combination with TMP intervention can obviously increase the sensitivity to VCR or DNR in K562 cells and significantly reduce the dosage of chemotherapeutic agents as well as improve apoptosis induced by chemotherapy. These results suggest that Apollon gene silenced by RNAi in combination with TMP intervention may reverse the drug resistance of leukemia cells. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of nicergoline and aniracetam in treatment of mild and moderate cognitive dysfunction after cerebral infarction .Methods Infarction were enrolled after 70 cases of mild and moderate cognitive im-pairment patients were randomly divided into nicergoline treatment group (observation group) and aniracetam treatment group(con-trol group) ,all 35 cases .After 12 weeks of treatment were compared before and after treatment mini mental state examination (MMSE) ,activities of daily living scale(ADL) scores and transcranial Doppler(TCD) to improve the situation .Results After 12 weeks ,both groups after treatment compared with treatment MMSE score was significantly higher (P< 0 .05) ,and nicergoline group than aniracetam group(P< 0 .01);ADL score before treatment were significantly reduced (P< 0 .05) ,TCD improvement nicergoline group than aniracetam group (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Nicergoline mild and moderate cognitive dysfunction after cerebral in-farction have significant effects ,and better than aniracetam ,no significant adverse reactions occur for a wide range of clinical applications .

Objective To analyse the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with myopathies that were misdiag-nosed as myasthenia gravis because of external ophthalmoplegia ,widen the thoughts for differential diagnosis of extraocular muscle paralysis .Methods The clinical and pathological features of 11 myopathy cases with ptosis and diplopia admitted to the neurology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between October 2010 and May 2014 were retrospec-tively reviewed and analyzed .Results Among the 11 patients ,6 male and 5 female ,aged 16-66 years old .All had paralysis of ex-traocular muscle manifestations ,including oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy(OPMD) in 3 cases ,oculopharyngeal distal myopa-thy in 2 cases ,chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia(CPEO) in 6 cases .Muscle biopsy showed the characteristic pathologi-cal changes .Statistical analysis showed that the age of onset in OPMD patients was older(P<0 .05) ,creatine kinase level in oculo-pharyngeal distal myopathy patients was higher ,but the difference was not significant (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Certain rare myopa-thy should be considered for patients with external ophthalmoplegia seemingly myasthenia gravis .Muscle biopsy can provide clue for differential diagnosis .

Objective There are two main functions of gastrointestinal tract,digestion and absorption,and barrier function.The latter has an important defensive effect,which keeps the body away from the invading and damaging of bacteria and endotoxin.It maintains the systemic homeostasis.Intestinal dysfunction would happen when body suffers from diseases or harmful stimulations.The more serious intestinal disorders would harm the intestinal protective mechanism,or intestinal barrier function,and bacterial/endotoxin translocation,of intestinal failure(IF) would ensue.This article provides a critical review of the evidence indicating that an increase in bacterial translocation is associated with sepsis,and even the multiple organ failure syndrome in critically ill patients.The in-transit microorganisms play an essential role in the homeostasis of local and systemic immunity.Methods All studies published from 2000 to June 2005 about intestinal permeability,bacterial translocation,and systemic inflammatory response syndrome were located by search of PubMed.Results Clinical and experimental studies investigating the correlation between bacterial translocation and systemic inflammatory response syndrome,associated with the damage of the gut barrier function.To keep the mucosal barrier function intact is one of the main issues in the prevention of bacterial translocation.This could be achieved by the adequate delivery of oxygen and nutrient supplementation to the gut.Enteral nutrition,probiotic can be a good choice.Conclusion With a better understanding of the bacteria-host interactions in health and the alterations induced by critical illness,new therapies that improve the environment of both may lead to better recovery rates in intensive care unit patients.

Objective To study the clinical and pathologic features,histological criteria and pathologic factors contributing to diagnosis of mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors(mixed m?llerian tumors,MMT)of the uterus.Methods A retrospective study of 102 cases of MMT of the uterus (74 adenofibromas including 9 recurrent cases,3 atypical polypoid adenomyomas,2 carcinofibromas,10 adenosareomas and 13 carcinosarcomas)was undertaken.Clinical records,gross features and tissue slices were reviewed.The follow-up data were analysed.Results The most common symptom was vaginal bleeding.Clinical signs included pelvic mass,uterine polyps,and enlarged uterus.Benign MMT usually presented as exophytic polypoid masses extending into the uterine cavity or protruding through the external os,often broad-based,lobulated and papillary.It was hard to distinguish low-grade malignant MMT from the benign ones by gross appearance.High-grade malignant MMT had the common gross features of carcinoma and sarcoma.Histologically,MMT showed a biphasic differentiation of mesenchymal and epithelial components.MMT were classified according to whether these elements were benign or malignant.Nine cases of adenofibroma without unique features for the diagnosis of adenosarcoma recurred at postoperative intervals of 3 to 96 months.Recurrent tumors were almost always confined to the original site.Conclusions Uterine MMT tumors according to WHO diagnostic criteria are not rare.The differential diagnosis depends on a multifactorial analysis.The recurrent adenofibromas may be a kind of borderline tumors with benign appearances and malignant behavior.

OBJECTIVE:To develop an HPLC method for the determination of Baicalin in Xiaoyan Qingre capsules.METHODS:The separation of sample was performed on Thermo ODS-2 Hypersil(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m).The mobile phase was methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid(43∶57).The detection wavelength was 277 nm,and the temperature of column was 30 ℃.RESULTS:The linear range of Baicalin was 0.217 8～3.267 0 ?g(r=0.999 9).The average recovery was 100.73%(RSD=2.23%,n=6).CONCLUSION:The method is sensitive,accurate,reproducible,and suitable for the qual-ity control of Xiaoyan qingre capsule.

Objective To construct digital operating room in the hospital to enhance the efficiencies of operation and anesthesia.MethodsThe overall architecture of digital operating room was designed based on functional requirements survey,which was composed of an operating and anesthesia management system,an operation demonstration system,an operation information notice system and a department management system.Results Digital operating room realized the connection between all the operating and anesthesia devices and whole-course pre-,intra-and post-operative management of the patients,which implemented integration and data sharing with HIS,PACS,LIS and EMRS.Conclusion Digital operating room enhances medical service,teaching,learning and research during operation and anesthesia,facilitates evidence-based medicine and improves doctor-patient relationship.

BACKGROUND:Functional changes of some functional genes have been showed to trigger osteoarthritis, among which, age may be a critical one. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis and the research process of silent information regulation 1 in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. METHODS:A computer-based retrieval was performed in the databases of CNKI, PubMed, SpringerLink, and Elsevier Science Direct using the keywords ofosteoarthritis, silent information regulation 1 and cartilagein Chinese and English, respectively. Finally 83 eligible literatures were enrolled for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Deacetylation modification acts on the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis by regulating the expression and biological function of various cytokines. Silent information regulation 1 cannot only regulate body metabolism, inhibit cellapoptosis, repair DNA injury, delay senescence and resist to stress, but also play important roles in the epigenetic modification, gene silencing and signal transduction. Therefore, silent information regulation 1 is involved in the age-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, silent information regulation 1 is likely to be an important target of osteoarthritis drugs, and even reverses mechanical stress-induced cartilage injury in the early stage of osteoarthritis.

Objective:To analyze the clinical materials of the patient with Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome (VWGS),and to explore the pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and treatment method.Methods:The clinical data of a patient with VWGS was analyzed retrospectively.Results:The patient presented autoimmune thyroiditis, sever long-standing hypothyroidism, bilateral ovarian cysts, hyperprolactinaemia and a secondary pituitary adenoma. After thyroxine replacement treatment, the thyroid function and prolactin (PRL)level recovered to the normal levels and the ovarian cyst was shrunk within 1 month. Conclusion:The clinical manifestation of VWGS is special.And it’s easy to misdiagnose this syndrome as pituitary adenoma or ovary cyst and then operation is performed.Thyroid hormone replacement can completely resolve the symptoms and hormone abnormalities.Grasping the clinical characteristics of this syndrome and making correct diagnosis is critical to avoid unnecessary operation.

Objectives To study the sonogram characteristics of sactosalpinx by endovaginal ultrasonography and to evaluate it's value for the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Methods 34 patients were diagnosed as sactosalpinx with sonography. They were confirmed by sactosalpingography. Results Sactosalpinx showed long-bar or a cystic shape twisty liquid dim areas in adnexa site. There were incomplete septaligth band in it.Conclusions sactosalpinx can be detected by transvaginal sonography. It has great significance to guide the treatment and other examinations related to infertility.