In order to promote the optional subjects' function in perfecting knowledge construction and developing the character of the students,through analyses of the results of 670 classmates’selection of optional subjects,we know in detail what kind of optional subjects students like and need.Therefore based on how to organize teaching and manage optional subjects we bring up the suggestions for enhancing the optional subjects ' development and management:setting students as the center and increasing optional subjects,establishing the leading teacher's system,reforming teaching method,enriching teaching means,and strengthening the management of the examination of optional subjects.

AIM: Recently,it is widely accepted that atherosclerosis(AS) is an auto-immune related disease and the oxidized-low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) is the most important AS-related antigen.In order to prevent immune injuries in AS and find new strategies to prevent AS,the immune tolerance of T cells to ox-LDL in vitro was induced in this study.METHODS: Human monocytes were separated from peripheral blood to induce dendritic cells(DCs).DCs were treated with LPS(30 ?g/L),ox-LDL(10 mg/L) and LDL(10 mg/L) for 48 h.Then DCs were mixed with allogenic T lymphocytes to carry out mixed lymphocytes reaction(MLR).CTLA4Ig in different concentrations was added in the MLR of ox-LDL group.MTT method was used to assay the proliferation of T cells and expressed in stimulation index(IS).The CD25 expression and apoptosis of T cells in MLR were tested by flow cytometry.The excretion of IL-2,IFN-? and IL-4 was assayed by ELISpot method.RESULTS: SI in ox-LDL group was higher than that in LDL group significantly(P

Acupuncture Therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Narcolepsy ; therapy ; Qi

Objective To induce the immunoincompetence of T cells to oxidized-low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)in vitro,in order to prevent immune injuries in atherosclerosis(AS)and to find new strategies to prevent AS.Methods Monocytes were separated from peripheral blood to induce dendritic cells (DC).DCs were treated with LPS(30 ng/m1),ox-LDL(10μg/m1)and LDL(10μg/m1)for 48 h,respectively.Then DCs were mixed with allogeneic T lymphocytes to earry out mixed lymphoeytes reaction (MLR).CTLA4Ig in different concentrations was added into the MLR of ox-LDL group.MTr method was used to assay the proliferation of T cells.The CD25 expression and apoptosis of T cells in MLR were tested by flow cytometry.And the excretion of IL-2,IFN-γ and IL-4 were assayed by ELISPOT method.Results SI of the ox-LDL group was higher than that of the LDL group significantly(DC:T=1:5,1.6717±0.3152vs 1.4250±0.2874.P<0.05;DC:T=1:10,1.5458±0.2748 vs 1.3352±0.2991,P<0.05),and CTLA4Ig inhibited the SI of the ox-LDL group in dose-dependence(CTLA4Ig 1.25μg/ml,0.96±0.30 vs μg/ml 1.29±0.28 vs 1.64±0.33 P<0.05).CTLA4Ig caused the decrease of CD25 expression(CTLA4Ig 1.25 μg/ml,11.26±0.58 vs 14.25±1.02,P<0.05;CTLA4Ig 10μg/rnl 8.42±0.45,P<0.01)and induced apoptosis of T cells in MLR(CTLA4Ig 1.25μg/ml,12.54±3.69 vs 6.09 4-2.24,P<0.05;CTLA4Ig 10μg/ml,26.87±5.06 VS 6.09±2.24,P<0.01).CTLA4Ig caused the decrease of ELISPOT counts of IL-2(CTLA4Ig 1.25μg/ml,386±42 VS 534±54,P<0.05;CTLA4Ig 10μg/rnl,230±27 VS 534±54,P<0.01)and IFN-γ(CTLA4Ig 1.25μg/ml,445±48 VS 672±46,P<0.05;CTLA4Ig 10μg/ml,193±39 VS 672±46,P<0.01),while that of IL-4 increased(CTLA4Ig 1.25μg/ml,401±32 VS 332±41,P<0.05;CTLA4Ig 10μg/ml,453±57 VS 332±41,P<0.05).Conclusion CTLA4Ig can induce T cens immunoin competence to ox-LDL in vitro by inhibiting T cells activation,inducing T cells apoptosis and TH 1/TH2 immune deviation.

?AIM: To discuss the effect of laser exposure on visual acuity and macula.?METHODS: Retrospective and consecutive case series. A retrospective analysis of 11 patients (11 eyes) with laser retinal injury was carried out from January 2014 to June 2015 in Ophthalmology Department of No. 474 Hospital of Chinese PLA. All individuals underwent visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ( SD-OCT) for macular at first visit, and fundus fluorescein angiography ( FFA ) , visual field, and multifocal electroretinogram ( mf ERG ) were perform if necessary. Symptomatic therapies, supportive therapies and pars plana vitrectomy ( PPV ) were performed depended on the patient’s condition. The patients were followed-up at 1, 3 and 6mo after the first visit, and patients were undertaken visual acuity, BCVA, macular SD-OCT and so on.?RESULTS: Eight patients ( 73%) were under 18 years old and all patients were young males, who were injured by laser pointers when playing. Three patients ( 27%) over 18 years old were injured accidentally at work. Ten (91%) patients’ BCVA were ≤0. 3, while one ( 9%) patient’s BCVA was higher ≥0. 3. Full-thickness macular holes ( the diameter 224-519 μm ) were detected in 10 patients (91%), while sub-foveal RPE changes and IS/OS injury in 1 patient ( 9%) . Macular hole with traction or cystoid edema in 6 eyes (55%) were received PPV, while the other 5 eyes ( 4 eyes with stable macular hole and 1 eyes with RPE injury ) received conservative treatment. Macular hole closed successfully in 1 eye ( 17%) after PPV, while macular hole in the other 5 eyes ( 83%) were stable after PPV of which the cystoid edema faded. The 4 patients with macular hole and 1 patient with RPE injury were stable during follow-up period. However, the BCVA in all patients had no significant improvement at end.?CONCLUSION: Exposure to laser devices could lead to severe macula injury that could reduce central vision, which is permanent.

AIM:To evaluate the application and effect of bandage contact lens in pterygium excision combined with conjunctival transplantation (CAT).METHODS:In a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study, 110 patients (110 eyes) diagnosed with primary pterygium were collected in PLA NO.474 Hospital from January 2015 to January 2016.The 110 patients enrolled in the study in turn, and divided into two groups by the odd and even number.The odd number divided into bandage contact lens group (CAT + bandage contact lens, n=55), while the even number divided into control group (CAT, n=55).Visual analog scale (VAS) and corneal irritation were evaluated on 1, 3 and 7d after operation.Cornea fluorescent staining testing was carried out on 3d after operation.Following-up all the patients with 1a at least observed the recurrence of pterygium.RESULTS:The score of VAS in bandage contact lens group less than that in control group on 1d (4.13±2.06 vs 5.80±1.93, t=4.391, P<0.001) and 3d (2.09±1.36 vs 3.65±1.65, t=5.422, P<0.001) after operation, while there was no significant difference between two groups on 7d (t=1.295, P=0.198) after operation.The corneal irritation in bandage contact lens group less than that in control group on 1d and 3d after operation (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between two groups on 7d after operation (P=0.052).Cornea fluorescent staining testing area in bandage contact lens group was less than that in control group on 7d after operation (0.33±0.37mm2 vs 2.73±2.21mm2, t=7.921, P<0.01).There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between two groups after 1a operation (P=1.000).CONCLUSION:Bandage contact lens could significantly release pain and corneal irritation, promote the healing of the corneal epitheliums in the defected area, and increase the postoperative comfort level in patients after operation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intensity-madulated radiotherapy(IMRT) as the primary treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Between November 2001 and March 2006,147 newly diagnosed NPC patients were treated with IMRT. The disease was Stage I in 3 patients, Stage Ⅱ in 35,Stage Ⅲ in 67 and Stage Ⅳ in 42. For T1-2 disease,the prescription dose was 70 Gy to the gross tumor volume( GTVnx) and positive neck nodes ,60 Gy to the planning target volume I, and 50-56 Gy to the clinically negative neck. For T3-4 disease,the prescription dose was 74-78 Gy to GTVnx. The local control rate(LC),overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results The 3-year LC, OS, DFS and DMFS of the whole group were 93.2% ,93.5% ,72.6% and 74.4% ,respectively. T stage was a significant predictor of LC and OS. For patients with T1-2 and T3-4 disease,the LC was 100% and 86.9% (P=0.007) and OS was 95.5% and 91.3% (P=0.030), respectively. N stage was a significant predictor of OS, DFS and DMFS(P=0.03,0.004 and 0.0004,respectively). The grade Ⅰ+ Ⅱ and Ⅲ acute toxieities of parotid were 96.6% and 1.4%. The rate of grade Ⅱ xerostomia at 3-month, 6-month, 1-year and 2-year after radiotherapy were 43.0%, 12.0% ,4.9% and 3.2%. Conclusions The treatment results are promising according to our target definition and dose prescription protocol for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Coke ; Fatty Liver ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Risk Factors

Bronchopulmonary Sequestration ; classification ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Radiography ; Respiratory System Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; surgery

Objective To study the prevalence of fatty liver and its risk factors in adult population of Pudong New District,Shanghai detected by combination of B-type uhrasonographic features and elevated serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT).Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in 2017 residents aged 16 years over recruited from four neighborhoods of Prdong New District of Shanghai with multi-phase cluster sampling,including interview with questionnaire,physical check-up,anthropometry, measurement of plasma glucose and lipid profile,ALT activity and real-time B-type ultrasnnography.Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was further detected for those with elevated ALT activity.Results Prevalence of fatty liver was 21.32 percent (430/2017) in the residents of the District participated in this survey.Prevalence of abdominal obesity,hypertriglyceridemia,hyperlipoproteinemia (low-density lipoprotein-cholecterol),essential hypertension,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes and metabolic syndrome were 71.16,71.16,11.86,66.74,35.58,24.40 and 47.21 percent in those with fatty liver, respectively,as compared to 26.34,12.73,4.79,39.57,24.01,6.81 and 11.28 percent in those without fatty liver (controls),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index, 2-h postprandial glucose level,diastolic blood pressure,serum level of triglyceride,abdominal obesity and diabetes all were independent risk factor for tatty liver,with odds ratio (OR) of 1.080,1.149,1.035, 1.526,1.960 and 1.391,respectively.Conclusions Prevalence of fatty liver was relatively high in Shanghai Pudong New District.Fatty liver closely associates with disturbance of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.