According to the teaching situation,associated with common problems which influence paper quality,we discussed how to control students' paper quality on preventive medicine,such as adopting strict defense procedure,making score standard of defense,and so on.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the method to analyze γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its precursors 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in urine through LC-MS/MS and provide evidence for related cases. METHODS: GHB-d6 and MOR-d3 were used as the internal standard. The urine sample was separated by LC after protein precipitation with methanol. The electrospray ion source was for ionization. Each compound was detected through multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. RESULTS: The limits of detection of GHB and its precursors 1,4-BD and GBL were 0.1, 0.1 and 2 μg/mL. The accuracy was 87.6%-98.1%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 15% and matrix effects were higher than 80%. CONCLUSION The method is high sensitive, simple, rapid, specific and with high reliability. This study has provided technical support and basic data for forensic cases involving GHB.
4-Butyrolactone/urine* ; Butylene Glycols/urine* ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; Hydroxybutyrates/urine* ; Mass Spectrometry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

While the medicine pattern of biomedicine turn to biological-psychology-society, the medical trouble communication becomes more and more important in the medical service. Good medical trouble communication ability is the essential condition of doctor. As oral cavity clinicians, only by gasping the principle of communication can we appropriately utilize some skills of communication exchange,establish the good medical trouble relations with the patient and achieve the good treatment result finally.

In the reform of medical microbiology education on medical students of 8-year-education pro-gram, we compared the traditional teaching methods with Problem Based Learning (PBL) method. Through our practice, we have found that the combination of traditional lecture-based learning and PBL seems to better match the students’ way of learning. The lack of basic knowledge of the students hindered their learn-ing effect during the bilateral discussion in the PBL education. We also found that the application of PBL in medical microbiology education is an iterative process and should be promoted step by step. The theoretical level and the innovative ideas of the teachers play a crucial role in the dynamic process of education reform.

The practice of English teaching of microbiology course using the original edition of Microbiology (Prescott LM et al., 5e, 2002) as textbook have been carried out for two years for undergraduate students majoring in Biology. The strengths of this book are comprehensive coverage, flexibility of organizing, and emphasis on the enhancing the overall ability of students. Its content is excellent with fundamental knowledge, systematic arrangement and up-to-date currency, which helps instructor to construct a suitable system in the course structure and curriculum, as well as to enrich the teaching content and to increase teaching effectiveness. The selection of original edition of English textbook in microbiology course is useful to train high-quality biological talents possessing international view and the adaptive ability of globalization process.

Objective To investigate the safety and obtain parameters of microeoagulation of dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) of cervical cord with bipolar foreps on animal model,and provide histological base for clinical application of treatment of brachial plexus avulsiol pain using microcoagulation of dorsal root entry zone.Methods On the base of swine's weight and spinal cord size in similar to human being,it was chosen to be experimental animal.The right DREZs of cervical cord were microcoagulated with bipolar forceps.The swines were fed in normal way.Their activities were observed.The mass change of the cervical cord segment were observed after 3 weeks and the cervical cord segment was fixed with 10% fromalin,paraffin sliced,HE dying.Coagulating space,depth and width were measured under microsope.The coagulating parameter were adjusted according to measuring outcome in order to achieving a most avaliable parameter.Results All post-op swine survived.When the microcogulation were made with bipolar forceps adopted following parame- ters:The distance of between the polar was 2.0 mm;The diameter of polar was 0.3 mm.The inserting depth 2 mm,the coagulated power 18 watt,the coagulated time was 2 second,then the width of lesions of DREZ in cross section was 1.15 mm and the depth of lesions was 3.10 mm,which was consistent with the area of hu- man DREZ of cervical cord.Conclusion The experiment on swine suggested,microcoagulation of DREZ by bipolar forceps is safe and no mortal complications when the testified parameters are adoped,and can achieve the area of DREZ of cervical cord in human.

AIM: To study the changes in anterior chamber angle after phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation with ultrasound biomicroscopy.METHODS: Small-incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation were performed in 50 eyes of 46 senior patients, and the changes of anterior chamber angle were determined quantitatively by using ultrasound biomicroscopy before and one month after the surgery.RESULTS: In all patients, the angle was widened significantly one month after the surgery (P＜0.01). The measurements of TIA500 ( trabecular-iris angle at 500μm from the scleral spur) , AOD250 (angle-opening distance at 250μm from the scleral spur) and AOD500 (angle-opening distance at 500μm from the scleral spur) increased significantly after the operation ( P＜ 0.01). The mean post/pre-operative TIA500ratio, AOD250 ratio and AOD500 ratio were 1.65 (1.12-4.91),1.81 (1.06-2.67) and 1.65 (1.01-2.76), respectively. A significant negative correlation existed between preoperative and postoperative data.CONCLUSION: Small-incision cataract surgery deepens the anterior chamber and widens anterior chamber angle significantly in senior patients. The narrower the preoperative angle, the higher ratio of post/preoperative ratio found.

Background Many researches confirmed that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)plays an important role on the proliferation and differentiation of retinal progenitor cells,but its low intraocular permeability limits its clinical application.To explore an effective approach to enhance the intraocular permeability of bFGF has an important significance for the treatment of retinopathy. Objective This study was to investigate the effect of azone on bFGF intraocular permeability after its topical administration. Methods Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups on random number table method.Distilled water( blank control group),5％ bFGF eyedrops(5％ bFGF group ),0.4％ azone+5％ bFGF eyedrops (0.4％ azone + 5％ bFGF group ) and 0.4％ azone+ 10％ bFGF eyedrops (0.4％ azone + 10％ bFGF group)were topically administered in different groups at 5- minute interval for 3 times.Aqueous and vitreous fluid were extracted 30 minutes after administration of eyedrops,and those in the 0.4％ azone + 5％ bFGF group were obtained 30,60 and 120 minutes after administration.bFGF concentration in the aqueous and vitreous fluid was quantified with ELISA. Results The bFGF levels(A value)in aqueous and vitreous fluid were 0.1007±0.0100 and 0.1340±0.0100 after topical administration of the 5％ bFGF eyedrops,those in blank control group were 0.1363 ±0.0100 and 0.1130±0.0100,respectively,and those in the 0.4％ azone+5％ bFGF group and 0.4％ azone+10％ bFGF group were significantly higher than the 5％ bFGF group ( both P=0.000).However,no significant difference was found in bFGF levels between 0.4％ azone+5％ bFGF group and 0.4％ azone + 10％ bFGF groups in both aqueous and vitreous fluid ( P =0.985,0.098 ).A value of bFGF in aqueous was gradually increased with prolong of time in the 0.4％ azone+5％ bFGF group,with the values 0.9413±0.0300 at 30 minutes,0.3865±0.0300 at 60 minutes,and 0.2550±0.0300 at 120 minutes,showing a positive linear correlation between bFGF level and time( R2 =0.736,P =0.003 ),but no significant correlation was seen in vitreous sample(R2=0.196,P=0.233). Conclusions Azone can improve the intraocular penetration of bFGF eyedrops.Increasing the concentration of bFGF in eyedrop from 5％ to 10％ dose not change its intraocular distribution.The highest content of the bFGF in aqueous is at 30 minutes following the administration of 0.4％ azone+5％ bFGF eyedrops.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Gastritis, Hypertrophic ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Abdominal Cavity ; physiopathology ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Constipation ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult