In this paper, the varying pattern of the amount of rhizospheric microorganisms, including bacteria, actinomycetes and fungus, was observed during the cultivation of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. And the correlations between number of rhizospheric microorganisms and the quality of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were also studied. The results showed that the rhizospheric microorganism source of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was rich. The distribution of rhizospheric microorganisms (soil bacteria, fungus, actinomycetes, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, organic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria) collected from different origin places existed significant difference (P < 0.05). The varying pattern for the amount of rhizospheric microorganisms was showed as following: the amount of bacteria > the amount of actinomycetes > the amount of fungus. The medicinal quality of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was influenced by their habits, and the increase of cultivation years caused the obvious decrease of the quality of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Therefore, the increase of cultivation years will cause the variation of the soil micro-ecology flora, and decrease the nutrient absorption and the utilization of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, which will make the decrease of the medical quality of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
Bacteria ; genetics ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; China ; Fungi ; genetics ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Rhizosphere ; Saponins ; analysis ; Soil Microbiology

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Schistosoma japonicum ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Urban Health

Ecosystem ; Epidemiology ; Geographic Information Systems ; Models, Theoretical

Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 (PvMSP1) gene codes for a major malaria vaccine candidate antigen. However, its polymorphic nature represents an obstacle to the design of a protective vaccine. In this study, we analyzed the genetic polymorphism and natural selection of the C-terminal 42 kDa fragment within PvMSP1 gene (Pv MSP142) from 77 P. vivax isolates, collected from imported cases of China-Myanmar border (CMB) areas in Yunnan province and the inland cases from Anhui, Yunnan, and Zhejiang province in China during 2009–2012. Totally, 41 haplotypes were identified and 30 of them were new haplotypes. The differences between the rates of non-synonymous and synonymous mutations suggest that PvMSP142 has evolved under natural selection, and a high selective pressure preferentially acted on regions identified of PvMSP133. Our results also demonstrated that PvMSP142 of P. vivax isolates collected on China-Myanmar border areas display higher genetic polymorphisms than those collected from inland of China. Such results have significant implications for understanding the dynamic of the P. vivax population and may be useful information towards China malaria elimination campaign strategies.
China ; Genetic Variation* ; Haplotypes ; Malaria ; Merozoite Surface Protein 1* ; Merozoites* ; Myanmar ; Plasmodium vivax* ; Plasmodium* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic* ; Silent Mutation

The uracil in DNA comes from either the misincorporation of dUTP in place of dTTP or deamination of cytosine. In the latter case, it can result in a GC to AT transition mutation if the uracil is not removed before DNA replication. Base excision repair (BER) is a major pathway for removing DNA lesions arising from endogenous processes as well as those induced by exposure to exogenous chemicals or irradiation. BER is initiated by DNA glycosylases that excise aberrant bases from DNA by cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond linking to the base of its deoxyribose sugar. Uracil N-glycosylase (UNG) is the enzyme responsible for the first step in the BER pathway that specifically removes uracil from DNA. The UNG gene undergoes both temporal and spatial regulation mainly at the level of transcription. Normally cancer cells undergo over-proliferation and up-regulate their UNG during tumorigenesis. In this study we examine the correlation between UNG level and carcinogenesis, and explore the possibility of using UNG as a marker for cancer diagnosis. Human UNG gene was amplified from the total RNA of the human choriocarcinoma cell line, JEG-3, by RT-PCR. After purification, the 942bp full-length UNG cDNA coding sequence was digested with EcoR I and Sal I, and cloned into the digested pET-21 to construct a recombinant vector, pUNG. The UNG protein was expressed under the control of T7 promoter in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells induced with IPTG. After ultrasonic treatment, the cell lysate and precipitate were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and a 39kD band was detected. The plasmid was serially diluted at appropriate concentrations and employed as standards in the subsequent quantification. Total RNAs were extracted from 18 pairs of clinical samples, each pair contains a sample of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue and its surrounding normal esophageal epithelia. The copy numbers of UNG mRNA in these RNA samples were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR using a Lightcycler (Roche). UNG was present in 13 cases of ESCC (13/18, n = 18) but absent in all of the normal tissues. The results indicated that there was a correlation between high level of UNG expression and the carcinogenesis of ESCC.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uracil-DNA Glycosidase ; genetics ; metabolism

China ; epidemiology ; Epidemiology ; trends

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features and to identify the DAX-1 gene mutation in a Chinese kindred with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenital(AHC).

METHODSClinical data and peripheral blood samples were obtained from the affected individuals and their relatives. The genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood. Four pairs of primers were used to amplify the two exons of the DAX-1 gene, and PCR products were purified and sequenced directly. Sequencing results were compared to the human DAX-1 sequence in the public database.

RESULTSA novel hemizygous frameshift mutation (428delG) in exon 1 of the DAX-1 gene was found in both patients (the index case and his cousin). Some clinical features such as the age of onset were different although these 2 patients carried the same mutation. Three females in the family, including the mothers of the 2 patients and their grandmother were carriers of this mutation. No such mutation was detected in other healthy persons in the family.

CONCLUSIONThe result suggested that X-linked AHC in the kindred was caused by a novel mutation of 428delG in the DAX-1 gene, and the same mutation can give rise to variable phenotypes.

Adolescent ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; genetics ; pathology ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Child ; DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid ; genetics ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of angiogenesis inhibitor and its combine with chemical drug in suppressing the growth of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).

METHODSAcc-M cells were inoculated subcutaneous into BABL/C nu/nu mice. The mice were divided into control, different dose of TNP-470 treatment groups, 5-Fu treatment group and TNP-470 plus 5-Fu treatment group. Treatments were given 48 hours after inoculation. The mice were sacrificed on the 22nd day and excised tumors were weighted. Tumors were also investigated by immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural observations.

RESULTSTNP-470 100 mg/kg/qod efficiently inhibited the growth of Acc-M tumors. TNP-470 30 mg/kg/qod combined with 50 mg/kg/week 5-Fu also resulted in significant growth inhibit of the tumors. TNP-470 suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting neovascularization, therefore inducing apoptosis of Acc-M cells. All experimental groups had different degrees of VEGF and bFGF express.

CONCLUSIONSince ACC is a slow developing tumor, blood supply is not so sufficient as sarcomas. Angiogensis inhibitor may inhibit its growth in high dosage. Combining medium dosage of angiogensis inhibitor with chemical drug may have synergistic result in inhibiting ACC growth.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; drug therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclohexanes ; pharmacology ; Fluorouracil ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Sesquiterpenes ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo understand the adverse and curative effects of film coated praziquantel for treatment of schistosomiasis japonica.

METHODSA questionnaire survey was conducted among 6 to 65 years old inhabitants from epidemic areas of schistosomiasis japonica in Jiangxi, Anhui and Hubei provinces, while indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) was also administrated. The Serological positives were tested by Kato-Katz technique. A total of 509 habitats of serological positives and healthy persons were given praziquantel. 460 targets with no relative symptoms were followed up for adverse effect of drugs in one month and efficacy evaluation of praziquantel was carried out in 104 parasitological positives 3 months post-treatment.

RESULTSThe 84.7% (144/170) individuals thought film coated tablets were no smell or only with little smell while 92.9%(315/339) targets in control group fell that tablets smelled bad. The total side effect rates of film coated praziquantel group and control group in 1-2 hours post-treatment were 20.30% (27/133) and 83.18% (272/327) respectively. There was significantly different between two groups (chi(2) = 164.316, P < 0.05). The adverse effect rates of film coated praziquantel group in neuromuscular system, digestive system and cardiovascular system were 15.79% (21/133), 9.77% (13/133), 2.26% (3/133) individually which were significantly lower than those of control groups with 81.65% (267/327), 49.24% (161/327), 12.84% (42/327) in corresponding systems (chi(2)(neuromuscular system) = 175.188, chi(2)(digestive system) = 62.601, chi(2)(cardiovascular system) = 12.010, P < 0.05). And the adverse effect rate of allergic reaction of film coated group was no significant difference with control group (2.26%(3/133) versus 0.92% (3/327), chi(2) = 1.315, P = 0.235). One day after treatment, the adverse effect rate of film coated tablets of praziquantel decreased to 3.01% (4/133), significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference after 2 weeks treatment while the adverse effect rates decreased to 0.75%(1/133), 0.61% (2/327) in film coated praziquantel group and control group respectively (chi(2) = 0.029, P = 0.642). The curative rates 3 months post treatment were 84.91% (45/51) in film coated tablets of praziquantel group and 82.35% (42/53) in control group without significant difference (chi(2) = 1.536, P = 0.215).

CONCLUSIONThe smell and adverse effects of film coated tablets of praziquantel were decreased significantly and its efficacy for treatment of schistosomiasis japonica was equal to the control tablets. The film coated tablets of praziquantel might be applied in field widely after a further verification.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Praziquantel ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; drug therapy ; Tablets ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo detect the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene germline mutation in the proband and her family members with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).

METHODSThe diagnosis of a patient with FAP was validated by colonoscopy, pathology and the family history. The systematic screening with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and DNA sequencing were carried out to detect APC gene germline mutations.

RESULTSA novel mutation c.1999 C >T (Q667X) of APC, which leads to premature termination of the protein, was identified in this family. This mutation manifested an aggressive form of FAP with early onset of colorectal adenocarcinoma and colonic adenoma.

CONCLUSIONThe mutation of APC Q667X is the cause of clinical phenotype of this family with FAP, and the prophylactic colectomy for the affected family members should be considered.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; genetics ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction