China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Electricity

Objective To study the expression of MCP-1 in the diabetes mellitus skin defect healing, then discuss its effect. Methods The diabetes mellitus models were established, and the expression of MCP-1 was detected by immunohistochemical staining and Elisa. Results The immunohistochemistry stain showed that the expression of MCP-1 in DM group was higher than that in control group at all time. And the serum value of MCP-1 in DM group had statistical significance ( <0.05) at 3 days or 1 week, but that in 2 weeks and 4 weeks was no statistical significance ( <0.05) . Conclusion The MCP-1 might play a role in the healing of diabetes mellitus skin defect through mediate abnormal inflammatory response.

Objective: To analyze the structure changes of New Rural Cooperative Medical System(NCMS) patients ’ hospitalization costs in a county-level city, and provide references for controlling hospitalization cost. Methods: Collect the cost details of NCMS patients in May from 2012 to 2013, and analyze the structure changes of hospitalization costs though the analysis method of structure variation degree. Results: Specialized hospital has the largest structure change of hospitalization cost, followed by first-level hospitals. Different cost items at hospital of different levels have a different direction of structure changes. Drug and examination are the major factors posing the changes in structure of hospitalization costs. Conclusion: There are significant results on the cost control since the implementation of new NCMS. Although the role of Chinese medicine to be prominent, there is still insufficient. The control of examination cost is a link which could not be ignored in future.

Objective To study the role of IL-2 in regulating allograft rejection mediated by alloantigen-specific CD8~+ T cell.Methods T cell proliferation in vivo at a single cell level was examined using the CFSE dilution assay. IL-2 expression by activated CD4~+ versus CD8~+ T cells was determined by intracellular cytokine staining. The ability of alloantigen-specific CD8~+T cells in mediating allograft rejection was studied using the islet transplantation model.Results CD8~+ T cells divided vigorously in vivo in the allogeneic hosts regardless the presence or absence of CD4~+ T cells. CD4~+ T cells, but not CD8~+ T cells, were the primary source of IL-2 when both subsets were present. However, CD8~+ T cells could express high levels of IL-2 in the complete absence of CD4~+ T cells. In 2C TCR transgenic (Tg) mice in which the 2C TCR transgene was selectively expressed on the CD8~+ T cells that specifically recognized alloantigen (Ld) of Balb/c origin, islet allografts from Balb/c mice was promptly rejected by the 2CTg recipients with mean survival time of only 8 days. In contrast, in 2CTg mice with a genetic deletion of the IL-2 gene (2CTg-IL-2KO mice), the alloantigen specific CD8~+ T cells failed to mediate the islet allograft rejection and all the Balb/c islets survived for more than 50 days.Conclusions CD8~+ T cells appear to be very plastic in producing and utilizing IL-2. In the presence or absence of CD4~+ T cells, CD8~+ T cells can use CD4~+ derived or self derived IL-2 for proliferation and effector function respectively. In an alloantigen specific TCR transgenic model, the effector function of CD8~+ T cells is strictly IL-2 dependent. Thus, in situations where graft rejection is mediated solely by the CD8~+T cells, blocking IL-2/IL-2R pathway may be critically important in preventing transplant rejection.

Objective:To investigate the beneficial effect of erythropoietin(EPO)on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis(EAE).Methods: The severity of EAE mice with or without EPO therapy were evaluated through clinical symptoms score and histological observation.Mononuclear cells from spleens,lymph nodes, brains and lumber spinal cords were applied to flow cytometry to detect ratios of CD4~+T subgroup, scales of apoptotic and dead cells, levels of inflammatory cytokines.LDH release of peripheral mononuclear cells were examined after incubating with EPO at different concentrations.Results: EPO ameliorated clinical symptoms and infiltration of pathological inflammatory cells in EAE mice(P＜0.05); Ratio of CD4~+T subgroup, levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ in EAE mice with EPO therapy were significantly lower than those of EAE control group(P＜0.05).No statistical significant differences existed on scales of dead cells, levels of IL-10 and CD4~+ CD25~+ T cells (P＞0.05).EPO at the concentrstions of 1-1 000 U/ml had no effect on LDH release of peripheral mononuclear cells(P＞0.05).Conclusion: EPO play the role of neuroprotecion in EAE mice by the way of decreasing infiltrating inflammatory cells and lowering the levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ.

BackgroundThe neutrophils infiltration and vascular endothelium damage are found in the patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Calprotectin existes in the cytosol outside lysoome.It is thought to be a marker of inflammation.The effect of calprotectin in the development of DR is still in the study. Objective This study was to investigate the contents of plasma calprotectin in different stages of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods This was a case-control study.Sixty consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study.The patients were assigned to non-DR (NDR) group,non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group and proliferative DR (PDR)group according to fundus appearance and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) manifestation and 20 patients for each group.Twenty healthy subjects matched in gender,age and blood biochemical indicators were collected as the normal control group.The periphery blood samples were collected from the subjects for the detection of plasma calprotectin by ELISA.The plasma calprotectin levels were compared among different stages of DR and normal subjects.All subjects had signed informed consents.Results The contents of plasma calprotectin were (57.70±12.29 ),( 72.07± 10.14 ),( 87.70 ± 10.37 ),( 94.36 ± 9.40 ) ng/L in the normal control group,NDR group,NPDR group,PDR group respectively,with a statistically significant difference among 4 groups (F =73.09,P＜0.001 ).The content of calprotectin in PDR group showed a highest value in comparison with normal control group,NDR group and PDR group(q =20.157,10.648,4.497,P＜0.01 ).The content of calprotectin in NPDR group was significantly higher than that in NDR group( q=6.216,P＜0.01 ). ConclusionsPlasma calprotectin may play a role during the development of DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient.

AIM: To observe the neovascularization process with no intervention in rat allogenic penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS: Allogenic penetrating keratoplasties were successfully performed in 34 female SPF SD rats with no intervention after operations. Corneal neovascularization(CNV) process was noted on day 4, 7, 15 and 30 with operating microscope. The vascular area surface was calculated using the formula C/12×3.14×[r2-(r-I)2].RESULTS: CNV was noted in 29 out of 34 rats (85%). Firstly, the new vessels distributed around the cornea like a brush then gradually extended towards the center. The vessels were distorted and massive with branched tails, they continued growing to reticulated veins in peak time then gradually atrophied. The average neovascularization area (SE) on day 4, 7, 15 and 30 was 11.8±3.5mm2, 18.5±4.0mm2,14.4±4.3mm2 and 6.0±1.8mm2 respectively and 12.7±1.9mm2 in total. The average percentage that new vessels accounting the whole cornea area(SE) was 30.8%±8.7%, 65.3%±12.8%, 59.4%±14.5%,36.2%±10.9% and 48.7%±6.4% in total.CONCLUSION: In rat allogenic penetrating keratoplasties without intervention, CNV presented on day 4 and reached the maximum area on day 7. Then the vessels gradually atrophied, about 50% of the maximum area still remained on day 30.

Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; physiopathology ; Sepsis ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and effect of early removal of the urethral catheter after transurethral plasma kinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSWe equally randomized 128 BPH patients treated by PKRP to an experimental group and a control group, urethral catheters removed at 1 -2 days for the former and at 5 -7 days for the latter. We compared the relevant indexes and clinical effects between the two groups.

RESULTSThe baseline data were not significantly different between the two groups. Compared with the controls, the experimental group showed a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay ([6.8 +/- 1.9] d vs [3.7 +/- 1.5] d, P < 0.05) and lower infection rate (25.0% vs 10.9%, P < 0.05). All the patients were followed up for 3 -6 months postoperatively. At 3 months after surgery, both the experimental and the control groups showed remarkable improvement in the International Prostatic Symptoms Scores (4. 9 +/- 2. 2 vs 5. 3 +/- 2. 3), maximum urine flow rate ([21.5+/- 5.6 ] ml/s vs [19.1 +/-4.9 ] ml/s) , and residual urine ( [ 16.8+/- 10.3 ] ml vs [18.9 +/- 12.3 ] ml), but with no significant differences between the two (P > 0.05) , and no significant differences were observed in postoperative complications (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONEarly removal of the urethral catheter after PKRP, with its advantages of shorter postoperative hospital stay, lower infection rate, and no influence on the long-term effect, deserves to be recommended as a routine method in the treatment of BPH.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Device Removal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; methods ; Urinary Catheterization

According to the teaching situation,associated with common problems which influence paper quality,we discussed how to control students' paper quality on preventive medicine,such as adopting strict defense procedure,making score standard of defense,and so on.