Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Personnel, Hospital ; Young Adult

AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of combined wavefront - guided and aspheric laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK ) to correct myopia and myopic astigmatism.
METHODS: Prospective study. Forty-five patients ( 62 eyes ) with myopia and myopic astigmatism were randomly dividied into two groups:the wavefront-guided and aspheric LASIK group and the wavefront- guided LASIK group. Safety, efficacy, predictability, ocular higher order aberrations(HOAs), and contrast sensitivity under mesopic condition were compared at 6mo postoperatively.
RESULTS: Both platforms had equal safety, efficacy and predictability. At 6mo after operation, total HOAs, spherical aberration and coma increased in both groups(P<0. 01 ). The changes of total HOAs and spherical aberration in wavefront-guided and aspheric group were significantly less than those in wavefront-guided group ( P<0.05 ) , while the change of coma between two groups was not statistically significant ( P = 0. 657 ). Contrast sensitivity in the wavefront-guided and aspheric group recovered to preoperative levels under mesopic conditions at all spatial frequencies ( P > 0. 05 ), while contrast sensitivity in the wavefront-guided group recovered to preoperative levels at all spatial frequencies(P>0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Wavefront-guided and aspheric LASIK induced less HOAs and associated with better mesopic contrast sensitivity compared with wavefront - guided LASIK.

ObjectiveTo investigate the rule of changes of the soleus mass and expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms mRNA.Methods40 female Wistar rats were divided randomly into the control group and three spinal cord transection (ST) groups, ST7, ST15, and ST30 with 10 animals in each group. Rats in ST groups were subjected to a complete ST between T8 and T10 levels. The right soleus was dissected and weighed at 7, 15, 30 days after ST, and the expression of MHC mRNA isoforms was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).ResultsThe Absolute and relative soleus masses in three ST groups were lower significantly than those of control group (P<0.05). The soleus mass in ST15 and ST30 groups were lower than that of ST7 group (P<0.05). The soleus of control group predominantly expressed MHC-I and some MHC-IIa, whereas the soleus began to express MHC-IIx and MHC-IIb after ST, except for MHC-I and MHC-IIa. ST induced consistently down-regulation of MHC-I mRNA and up-regulation of MHC-IIx and MHC-IIa at three time points after ST. The level of MHC-IIb mRNA expression was very low at three time points after ST.ConclusionST can influence the soleus mass at early stage after ST. ST induces a shift toward a faster muscle phenotype from slow to fast MHC isoform. MHC demonstrates plasticity in response to decrease neuromuscular activation.

Objective To study the effect of early rehabilitation on the ambulatory capacity and the relationship between motor , sensory function and ambulatory function in patients with acute spinal cord injury.Methods 47 patients with spinal cord injury were treated with comprehensive rehabilitation program. Their motor and sensory function were assessed using Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ASIA, 1992) and their ambulatory function were assessed using Hoffer's ambulation classification during the treatment.Results Motor and sensory function increased significantly in the 12 months after trauma (P<0.05). Motor score at admission was correlated with the outcome of the ambulatory capacity(P<0.05).Conclusion Early rehabilitation was effective. The initial motor function was related to the outcome of the ambulatory capacity in patients with spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of bacterial infections after liver transplantation and anaIyze the antimi- crobial susceptibility of major pathogens to provide reference for clinical therapy.Methods A retrospective survey was conduc ted in 174 patients who underwent liver transplantation during 2001 and 2004.Identification and susceptibility of pathogens were assayed by Microscan Walkaway 40 Automatic System.Results Infection was identified in 59.8% of the 174 patients after liver transplantation.A total of 218 non-duplicate strains were isolated.Most infections were caused by single pathogen.The infection was frequently identified in respiratory tract,biliary tract,blood stream or intra-abdominal cavity.The top 5 patho- gens were Acinetobacter baumannii,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Escherichia coli.Gram-negative bacilli were usually resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,but less resistant to piperacillin- tazobactam or imipenem.Most of S.aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant,which were susceptible to vancomyein.Conclu- sions Pathogens of postoperative infections in liver transplantation recipients are mostly multi-drug resistant.The microbiologi- cal surveillance is important for guiding clinical therapy.

Objective To investigate the fear and attitude of the common people to some threatening diseases .Methods Accord-ing to the age and sex structure of the whole nation ,500 common people were randomly enrolled in the public places of Chongqing main urban area .Firstly ,the respondents were asked to name three diseases they feared most .Then their fear degrees to eight im-portant diseases were performed the questionnaire survey .Results The top ten diseases that common people fear most by their own words were cancer ,AIDS ,heart disease ,hypertension ,stroke ,leukemia ,chronic liver diseases ,diabetes mellitus ,dementia and de-pression successively .Meanwhile ,their fear to the eight important diseases ,which was determined by the ratio of people who did fear to all ,were cancer(94 .2% ) ,traffic accidents(89 .2% ) ,heart disease(85 .0% ) ,AIDS(79 .4% ) ,tuberculosis(76 .8% ) ,hepatitis B(76 .6% ) ,Alzheimer′s disease(73 .4% ) and depression(69 .0% ) .Further analysis showed that such fear was significantly influ-enced by age ,sex and education level .Conclusion The knowledge and perception of common people about certain diseases is one-si-ded ,and their health awareness should be improved .

Objective To investigate the clinic effect of the Salvia miltiorrhiza combined with dextran to prevent veno-occlusive disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods In the process of the pretreatment of the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, patients were treated with salvia miltiorrhiza (20 ml/d), dextran(250 ml, twice a day) by venous transfusion and the drugs to protect the liver cell was used in the same time. When the count of platelet dropped to 30×109/L, salvia miltiorrhiza and dextranware stopped applying forever. Results Veno-occlusive disease and hemorrhage has not occurred during 85 times of the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treated with salvia miltiorrhiza and dextran. Conclusion We conclude that the combined treatment with salvia miltiorrhiza and dextran is safe and effective to prevent veno-occlusive disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective To investigate the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) on the expression of TLR4 and its role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activation and CD40 expression in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs). Methods RPMCs were harvested from Spragne-Dawley rat peritoneal cavity and maintained under defined in vitro condition. The cells were treated with Ang Ⅱ at different concentrations (10-9, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6 mol/L) and exposed to Ang Ⅱ (10-7 mol/L) for different times (1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 h for mRNA and 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 h for protein, respectively). Meanwhile, the influence of AT1 receptor antagonist (AT1R, losartan, 10-5 mol/L) and AT2 receptor blocker (AT2R, PD123177, 10-5 mol/L) on the TLR4 induced by Ang Ⅱ was observed. After synchronization for 24 hours, the cells were randomly assigned to four groups: the control group, the Ang Ⅱ (10-7 tool/L) group, the LPS (1 mg/L) group, the Ang Ⅱ (10-7 mol/L) plus LPS (1 mg/L) group, which were used to investigate the effects of Ang Ⅱ on the NF-κB activation and CD40 expression induced by LPS. The mRNA expression of TLR4 and CD40 was measured by RT-PCR and the protein abundance of TLR4, NF-κB p65, phospho-p65, IKBα and phospho-IκBα were analyzed by Western blot. Immunofluorescence was performed to determine the subcellular localization of p65 subunit of NF-κB. Results (1) Treatment of RPMCs with Ang Ⅱ resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the expression of TLR4. Ang Ⅱ at 10-9, 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6 mol/L increased TLR4 mRNA expression by 70.5%, 89.5%, 102.9%, and 121.9%, respectively and protein expression by 12.1%, 27.7%, 51.2%, and 41.6%, respectively (P<0.01). Treatment of RPMCs with 10-7 mol/L Ang Ⅱ resulted in a time-dependent increase in the expression of TLR4, with the peak of mRNA expression at 8 and 12 h (P<0.01) and the protein expression at 12 and 24 h (P<0.01). (2) Losartan antagonized Ang Ⅱ-stimulated expression of TLR4 by 33.5% (P<0.05), PD123177 had no such effect (P0.05). (3) Treatment of RPMCs with LPS (1 mg/L) for 60 rain significantly increased the ratio of phospho-IκBα to IκBα by 362.6% (P< 0.01) , phospho-p65 to p65 by 67.4% (P<0.05), and LPS (1 mg/L) for 4 h significantly increased the expression of CD40 mRNA by 299.9% (P<0.01) compared to the control group. In comparison to the LPS (1 mg/L) group, preincubation of RPMCs with AngⅡ (10-7 mol/L) for 24 h then treated with LPS (1 mg/L) for 60 rain significantly increased the ratio of phospho-IκBα to IκBα by 49.1% (P<0.01), phospho-p65 to p65 by 29.3%(P<0.05), and LPS (1 mg/L) for 4 h significantly increased the expression of CD40 mRNA by 56.8%(P<0.01). (4) The p65 subunit of NF-κB was dominantly distributed in the cytoplasm in the control and Ang Ⅱ group. Following exposure to LPS for 60 min, p65 subunit labeling was upregulated and translocated into the nuclei. A significantly increased nuclear staining of p65 in ceils treated with Ang Ⅱ plus LPS were observed. Conclusions Ang Ⅱ induces the expression of TLR4 in dose- and time-dependent manner in RPMCs, resulting in enhanced NF-κB signaling and induction of CD40 expression, Locally produced Ang Ⅱ in the peritoneum may play an amplified role in LPS-induced peritoneal inflammation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate thd cell biologic changes in thd non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) which PTEN gene were activated by double-stranded RNA(dsRNA).MethodsSpecific dsRNA was designed.First,the promoter region of PTEN gene was determined by Promoter 2.0 program,then the CpG island in the promoter was found by CpGisland searcher software and the possible target non-CpG sequence that dsRNA might activate were defined by SiRNA Target Finder software.dsRNA were synthesized at Genechem Company( Shanghai,China).Then the specific dsRNA was transfected into A549 and H292 cells which were stored in our laboratory using Lipofectamine 2000 ( Invitrogen,USA) according to manufacture's instruction.Total celluar RNA was isolated.The expression of PTEN mRNA in transfected,control and mock group were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Cell profiferation was investigated on days 1 to 5 by using Cell Counting Kit-8 according to the manufature's technical manual.Cell invasion ability was assessed by Transwell method that transmembrane cells were counted,and cell bycle distribution were studied by flow cytometer(FCM) using CycleTESTTM PLUS DNA Reagent Kit.ResultsAfter the introduction of dsRNA into the A549 cells,the PTEN mRNA expressin was upregulated to (4.35 ±0.42) folds compared with the mock and control cells.And in H292 cells,the mRNA expression of PTEN was upregulated to (3.92 ± 0.20) folds.It confirmed the RNA activation phenomenon in the PTEN gene in NSCLC cells.Compared with the control group,the number of alive transfected cells did not decreased in the cell proliferation assay.In the cell invasion test we found that the transmembrane A549 cells were 122.4 ±11.2 vs.150.7 ±13.1 in transfected group and control group respectively.In the cell cycle distribution we found dsRNA in duced part ofthe transfected cells arrested in G1 phase and a corresponding decrease in S-phase population was observed,though this change was not statistically significant.Conclusion The expression of PTEN mRNA could by enhanced by inducing the specific dsRNA into the A549 and H292 cells,though no evidence was found that after the activation of silenced PTEN,the cell proliferation and invasion ability were significantly changed.

Objective To compare the bronchial blocker and double-lumen tube for one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection.Methods Forty ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 42-63 yr,scheduled for elective esophageal cancer resection,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each):double-lumen endotracheal tube group (group DLT) and bronchial blocker group (group BB).After induction of anesthesia,the patients were intubated with a left-sided double-lumen endotracheal tube and correct positioning was verified by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in group DLT.After induction of anesthesia,the patients were intubated with a conventional single-lumen endotracheal tube,and then the bronchial blocker was inserted under the guidance of fiberoptic bronchoscope in group BB.The intubation time,one-lung ventilation time,time to achieve lung collapse,operation time,extubation time,tube malposition and hypoxemia were recorded.The lung collapse was scored at the end of operation.Hoarseness and throat sore within 2 days after extubation and pulmonary infections within 7 days after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group DLT,intubation time and time to achieve lung collapse were significantly prolonged,and the incidence of hoarseness and throat sore within 2 days after extubation was decreased in group BB (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the one-lung ventilation time,operation time,extubation time,lung collapse score,incidence of tube malposition,hypoxemia and pulmonary infections within 7 days after operation between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of bronchial blocker is similar to that of double-lumen tube when used for one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection.