Recent studies show that post-activation depression is highly correlated with the severity of spasticity in patients with stroke or cerebral palsy, which may be potentially used in the evaluation of spasticity. This article reviewed the concept, mechanism and related factors of post-activation depression.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Anus Diseases ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy

As a kind of mature non-invasive brain stimulation technology, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown sig-nificance in clinic. Recently, DCS has been applied over the scalp to the spinal cord, named transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS), that may modulate the spinal cord tracts and spinal cord loop electrical activity at segmental level, and may benefit in the treatment of chronic pain and motor dysfunction after injury of nervous system. This paper reviewed physiological effects, safety considerations and potential clinical applications of tsDCS.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the changes of neuro-electrophysiology and prognosis in children with Guillain-Barr? syndrome(GBS).MethodsThirty-eight children with GBS were divided into group A(rapid recovery,n=16) and group B(slow recovery,n=22) according to the time required for podosoma motor function recovery,at the same time,they were divided into the better prognosis group(n=22) and the worse prognosis group(n=16),for analyzing the difference between group A and B in terms of age,preceding infections,maximal Hughes grades and neuro-electrophysiology including motor conduction velocity(MCV),distal complex muscle action potential(dCMAP) and F wave,and investigating the related factors with the prognosis of GBS.Results1.MCV of tibial nerve was(40.2?2.53) m/s and(33.4?2.46) m/s in group A and group B,respectively;MCV of peroneal nerve was(45.2?3.23) m/s and(38.3?2.16) m/s in group A and group B,respectively,and the difference between group A and group B was significant(Pa0.05);abnormal rate of F wave(68.42%) was higher than abnormal rate of MCV(42.11%) and dCMAP(42.11%)(Pa

Objective To explore the effect of Botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injected into the contralateral facial muscle on central facial palsy post stroke. Methods 30 stroke patients with moderate to severe central facial palsy were recruited (course of 3~10 months). They were divided into control group (n=15) and treatment group (n=15), who accepted facial training and BTX-A injection in addition, respectively.The bilateral deference of distance from angulus oris to the midline of the teeth(D1) and from the paropia to the angulus oris (D2) were measured before and 4 weeks after injection. Results The D1 and D2 both at resting and movement all decreased after injection in the treatment group, and decreased more than those in the control group. Conclusion BTX-A injection can further correct central facial palsy post stroke.

It was found that Ag nanoparticles (NPs) could enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity of luminol- potassium ferricyanide system. On the basis of enhancement effect,a flow injection method was developed for the determination of terbutaline sulfate. The structure and shape of Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The UV-Vis absorption spectra and chemiluminescence spectra suggested that new luminophor was not formed after Ag NPs introducing in luminol-potassium ferricyanide chemiluminescence system. A possible mechanism of Ag NPs strengthening on luminol-potassium ferricyanide CL reaction was also discussed. The effect of concentration of luminol,potassium ferricyanide,sodium hydroxide and Ag NPs on CL reaction was investigated respectively. In the optimum conditions,the linear range was 1.0×10~(-9) -2.0 ×10~(-5) g/L(r =0.9935) and the detection limit was 1×10~(-10) g/L. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.6% for 1. 0 ×10~(-6) g/L terbutaline sulfate (n = 11 ). The recommended method has been successfully applied to the determination of terbutaline sulfate tablets and the recovery was between 98. 5% - 102. 5% ,moreover the results were almost identical with the same results of Pharmacopoeia method.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effectiveness and pathways of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) transplantation for acute hepatic failure in rats.Method hUCMSCs were isolated from umbilical cord with attachment culture method,and the surface antigens were tested by flow cytometry.Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups.The animal model of acute liver failure was induced by injecting intraperitoneally with 50％ olive oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (2.5 ml/kg).The treatment groups were injected with hUCMSCs suspension separately through the tail vein or injected into the liver 24 h post-modeling.Blood serum and liver tissues were collected at several time points to analyze the improvement of liver function and histological repair.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of human CK8,CK18 and AFP mRNA in liver tissues.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of human CK18 in liver tissues.Result There were statistically significant differences among liver functions after transplantation (P＜0.05).hUCMSCs improved histological status through enhancing hepatocellular regeneration and reducing inflammatory cells.Real-time PCR results showed that the expression of CK8,CK18 and AFP mRNA was obviously increased in the tail vein transplantation group and hepatic lobe injection transplantation group as compared with the model group (P＜0.05).Immunochemistry results revealed that transplanted hUCMSCs in animal liver could differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells that expressed human CK18 as hepatocyte-specific marker in the tail vein transplantation group and hepatic lobe injection transplantation group.No significant differences in histological repair and grade of differentiation were examined between the tail vein transplantation group and hepatic lobe injection transplantation group (P＞0.05).Conclusion hUCMSCs can prompt the repair of acute liver failure and enhance pathological repair.Transplanted cells in animal liver can differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells that expressing hepatocyte-specific markers.Transplantation of hUCMSCs via the tail vein or direct injection into the liver had the similar therapeutic effects.

Gene targeted mutagenesis and replacement can be used to modify gene sequence in genomic background without position effect or insertion inactivation in transgenic plants. Targeted mutagenesis organism has little biosafety concerns free of transgenes or marker genes. Gene targeted mutagenesis and replacement in high plants now appears to be a potential tool for gene functional analysis in situ, crops genetic improvement and molecular design. Zinc finger nuclease(ZFN)is most important and would be widely used in gene targeted mutagenesis and replacement through introducing double-strand breaks in genome. Strategies for gene targeted mutagenesis and replacement in plants is discussed. ZFN is described in detail from its structure, operation model and application in plants. Developmental prospect of ZFN in plant gene targeted mutagenesis and replacement is also discussed.

Objective: The target of anti-inflammatory and analgesic active components of Qizhi Weitong Granules was predicted by network pharmacology method, and the effect of multi-component-multi-target-multi-pathways on TCM-complexation theory was analyzed. Methods: The main chemical constituents of six Chinese medicines in Qizhi Weitong Granules were collected based on the TCMSP Chinese Medicine System Biological Analysis Database and analyzed by LC-MS. The main target of each component was predicted by TCMSP search and Pharmmapper software. The relationship between drug, target and inflammatory pain target was established by DIP database and protein interaction information. In order to elucidate the main mechanism of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Qizhi Weitong Granules, the network of “drug-target-disease” was constructed and the target of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Qizhi Weitong Granules were analyzed by network characteristics. Results: Through the network analysis, a total of 44 inflammatory targets were closely related to Qizhi Weitong Granules, of which 20 were directly targeted, mainly for the action of proteases such as COX-2 and iNOS. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, VEGF signaling pathways and other signaling pathways closely related to inflammation. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Qizhi Weitong Granules reflect the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. This study provides a scientific basis for further understanding the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanism of Qizhi Weitong Granules and explains the scientificity of the traditional Chinese medicine compatibility theory.

Objective To investigate the influences of mutation at precore and basic core promoter(BCP) region in hepatitis B virus(HBV) on the immune response of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL) in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods The number of specific CTL in peripheral blood mononuclear(PBMC) of CHB patients were tested by cytokine flow cytome- try(CFC) and HBV core18-27 peptide.HBV precore and BCP fragments were directly sequenced. Results Twenty-one(38.9%) samples were HBV precore G1896A mutation.Twenty-six(48.1%) samples were BCP region 1762/1764 combined mutation.Thirteen(24.1%) stains were three sites mutated simultaneously.Stimulated with HBV core 18-27 in vitro,the specific CTL level was signifi- cantly higher in the patients with G1896A mutation and BCP region mutation [(0.41?0.09)%, (0.36?0.08)%,(0.48?0.08)%,respectively]than those without mutation[(0.11?0.06)%, P