Ginseng and its effective components are famous for their influence to enhance human immunity, regulate endocrine and antioxidant action. However, the different effects of different components are not clear. In this study, Wistar rats were used to study the effects of main components of ginseng, including total ginsenoside, panaxadiol saponins, panaxtrol saponin and ginseng polysaccharide. The results showed that the effects of panaxadiol saponins and ginseng polysaccharide on improving animal immune organ weight, plasma interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), plasma gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were better than that of the other groups. Total ginsenoside and panaxtrol saponin can effectively increase the concentration of spleen NK cells (NKC) while panaxadiol saponins and ginseng polysaccharide can significantly increase the concentrations of rat plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). As for the effect of increasing organization nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), total ginsenoside is better than that of other groups. In brief, different components in ginseng possess different effects on enhancing immunity, regulating endocrine and resisting oxidation. Panaxadiol saponins and ginseng polysaccharide are better in enhancing immune, and total ginsenoside shows advantages in resisting oxidation and stress.
Adrenal Glands ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Corticosterone ; blood ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Immune System ; drug effects ; physiology ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Killer Cells, Natural ; drug effects ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Panax ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Spleen ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Thymus Gland ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Thyrotropin ; blood

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Amenorrhea ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Antipsychotic Agents ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Phytotherapy

Objective To study the ultrasonographic characteristics of Wilms′tumor (WT), aims at elevating the diagnostic level.Methods We retrospectively studied sonographic features in 30 cases of WT proved by operation and pathology.Results The tumors with heterogeneous pattern of solid and cystic tissue were shown in 22 cases.Seven cases demonstrate predominantly echogenic tumor. A huge cystic mass with numerous septas was shown in 1 case. The tumor extended into renal pelvis in 4, into renal vine in 1.The tumor metastasized to lymphnod in 1, to bilateral lungs in 1. Among 30 cases, the tumor was huge and grew beyond the renal profile in 26 cases, in 3 cases the tumors took up the renal sinus and made its structure turbulence, the renal shape was approximately normal.One case was extrarenal WT,the tumor located in retroperitonemu.Conclusions Sonographically, typical WT is a large heterogeneous mass within or without cystic areas, it also can be a pure cyst. It is easy to diagnose. When the tumor is limited to renal outline, it is easy to confusion with renal cancer. In addition, there are bilateral WT and extrarenal WT. The sonographic characteristics is similar among WT, clear cell sarcoma of kidney, malignant rhabdoid tumor and congenital mesoblastic nephroma. It is difficult to distinguish them from ultrasonography.

对拐杖支脚垫进行检验分析 ,提出了设计方案改进 ,并投产使用 ,取得较好效果。

Objective To systematically review the efficiency of 18 F-FDG PET in glioma grading by using Meta-analysis. Methods Retrieval in PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)was performed. Relevant papers concerning with glioma diagnoses with 18 F- FDG PET were selected. Paper quality was evaluated according to the standard of diagnostic test recommended by Cochrane Workshop. The data of glioma malignancy degree defined as semi-quantitatively and qualitatively were extracted from the papers. Meta-analysis was conducted with the Meta-Disc software to calculate pooled weighted sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence interval (CI). Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was performed and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Results Seven hundred and fifty-three patients from 17 papers ( 16 in English, 1 in Chinese) were included. Two hundred and seventy-two patients from 11 papers were using semi-quantitative (tumor to cortex ratio, T/C; tumor to white matter ratio,T/W) method and 481 patients from 9 papers were using qualitative method (visual observation, some of the papers had 2 or more methods). After heterogeneity test was done, different effect models were selected. The pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% CI for T/C group was 0. 952 (95% CI: 0. 903 -0. 980), 0. 409 (95% CI: 0. 318-0. 504) and 11. 746 (95% CI:5. 368-25. 702) respectively. The pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity and DOR with 95% CI for T/W group was 0. 857 (95% CI: 0. 768-0. 922), 0. 538 (95% CI: 0. 431 -0. 642) and 22. 066 (95% CI:7. 077-68. 800) respectively. The pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR)with 95% CI for qualitative method was 0.810 (95%CI: 0.757-0.855), 0.870 (95%CI: 0. 819-0.911 ) and 15.282 (95% CI: 3. 716-62. 851 ) respectively. The AUC for T/C group, T/W group and qualitative method was 0.8604, 0. 8373 and 0. 8724 respectively. Conclusions Grading glioma by 18 F-FDG PET with semi-quantitative method may provide high diagnostic sensitivity. If qualitative method is used, the diagnostic specificity may be higher.

Objective To analyze the ultrasonographic appearance of thyroglossal duct cysts and thyroglossal duct ifstula, and disicuss the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cysts and thyroglossal duct ifstula. Methods Totally 142 cases of surgically and pathologically conifrmed thyroglossal duct cysts and thyroglossal duct ifstula cases in Beijing Children′s Hospital Afifliated to Capital Medical University from 2005 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed and the ultrasonographic characteristics were analyzed. Results Among 142 cases, 128 cases of thyroglossal duct cyst were diagnosed by ultrasound. The ultrasonographic manifestation generally presented as anechoic and uneven medium echo cystic masses, with posteria wall echo enhancement. Most of the cyst walls were thin, and close to the thyoid, with or without deep ifstula. If the cysts were associated with infection, the wall would be thickening and echo enhancement of the surrounding soft tissue could be seen. Cysts ranged from the root of tongue to the suprasternal fossa, mostly in midline level of the neck. Of all the 128 cases, 95 cases were single cyst, round in shape; 33 cases had irregular shape with a fistula extended deeply, 13 cysts extended to the hyoid trailing edge, 20 cases extended to the mouth lfoor. Ultrasound examination revealed ifstulas in 10 cases, which presented as a hypoechoic thin strip-like echo inside the neck soft tissue, 6 cases extended to the hyoid bone direction, 2 cases extended to the mouthlfoor, 2 cases extended to the front thyroid. The other 4 cases showed anterior hypoechoic area, without cyst or ifstula structure. Conclusions Ultrasound is valuable in detcting the size, position, internal echo of the cyst and sinus, as well as showing their relationship with the hyoid. It is an optimal choice for the diagnosis of thyroglossal cyst and thyroglossal ifstula.

Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 ; pharmacology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Humans

Aiming at local field potential, the present paper introduces a method of estimating lag of neuron activities between brain areas based on windowed Harmonic wavelet transform (WHWT). Firstly, the WHWT of signals of two brain areas are calculated. Secondly, the instantaneous amplitude of the signals is calculated and finally, these amplitudes are cross-correlated and the lag at which the cross-correlation peak occurs is determined as the lag of neurons activities. Comparing with amplitude cross-correlation based on Gabor wavelet transform (GWT) or Hilbert transform (HT), this method is more precise and efficient in estimating the directionality and lag.
Brain ; physiology ; Humans ; Neurons ; physiology ; Wavelet Analysis

BACKGROUND:Stem cel s with wide variety of sources have the potential of differentiation and self-renewal. In additional, autologous stem cel s can avoid immune rejection after transplantation, and thus it has become one of the most promising alternative strategies for tissue/organ transplantation. However, due to the adverse environments at injured sites, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, current stem cel transplantation efficacy is relatively low. OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of oxidative stress on stem cel s and on their transplantation efficiency as wel as relevant mechanisms. METHODS:PubMed database was searched by the first author for relevant articles about stem cel s published from 1990 to 2015. The keywords were“stem cel transplantation, stem cel , oxidative stress, molecular mechanism”. After eliminating literatures which had poor authority or similar content, 97 articles were involved in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different types of stem cel s have different basal endogenous antioxidant stress levels. Oxidative stress through multiple molecular pathways causes cel aging, apoptosis and cancer, which also can result in apoptosis of cancer cel s. Stem cel s can adjust endogenous antioxidant levels through multiple paths. To improve the endogenous antioxidant stress level using a variety of methods can increase stem cel transplantation efficiency and prevent stem cel cancerization due to oxidative stress, which makes the clinical application of stem cel transplantation therapy safer and more popular.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of eprosartan in the treatment of hypertensive patients with coro-nary heart disease. METHODS:160 hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease randomly divided into observation group and control group. All patients were given aspirin,nitroglycerin,low molecular weight heparin,statins and other conventional treat-ment;control group was additioanlly given 50 mg Losartan potassium tablet,orally,once a day. Observation group was additional-ly given 600 mg Eprosartan tablet,orally,once a day. The treatment course for both groups was 6 months. Clinical efficacy,sit-ting systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),urea (UREA),creatinine(Cr),uric acid(UA),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),the Mini-Mental status (MMSE) scale and activities of daily living (ADL) scale scores before and after treatment and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:There was no signifi-cant difference in the total effective rate between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,the sitting systolic blood pressure and diastol-ic blood pressure,MMSE and ADL scale scores in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and sitting systolic blood pres-sure in observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in sitting diastolic blood pressure,MMSE and ADL scale scores between 2 groups(P>0.05),and no signifi-cant differences in ALT,AST,UREA,Cr,UA,TC,TG,HDL-C and LDL-C between 2 groups before and after treatment(P>0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Eprosartan can effectively reduce sitting systol-ic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease,and improve cognitive function,with good safety.