Objective To describe the clinical characters and risk factors of feeding intolerance in neonates. Methods The data of all neonates hospitalized in the newborn ward from January 2003 to March 2007 were ana- lyzed.Results The incidence of feeding intolerance was 6.99 % in the term infants and 27.63 % in the premature infants,and this increased in low birth weight and small gestational age infants.The symptoms of feeding intoler- ance.such as vomiting,gastric residual,abdominal distension and defecation difficulty presented usually in the first week of enteral feeding.The neonates with smaller gestational age and lower birth weight often presented with gas- tric residual,abdominal distension and defecation difficulty,but the larger ones with vomiting.The incidence of feed- ing intolerance increased in asphyxia aegrotus.Conclusion The birth weight and gestational age are protection fac- tors of feeding intolerance in neonates,the asphyxia are risk factors.More attention should be paid to vomiting,gas- tric residual,abdominal distension and defecation difficulty of neonates,especially,in the first week of enteral feeding.

Abstract:By using PVX derived vector pGR107, the effect of BYDV-MP nuclear localization signal on the movement of PVX was studied. BYDV-MP was cloned into pGR107 using GFP as an indicator. BYDV-MP was then shown to induce the systemic infection and exacerbate the symptom of PVX through infecting Nicotiana benthamiana. When the PVX gene encoding 25kD protein, which functioned as a systematic movemnet protein,was deleted and the above experiment was repeated, the result showed that BYDV-MP could compensate the systemic movement of PVX. A serial mutants with substitutions on the fifth, sixth and seventh amino acids of BYDV-MP nuclear localization signal was further constructed. It was found that the mutants at the fifth, sixth amino acids in BYDV-MP nuclear localization signal could only delay or weaken systemic movement of PVX whereas the mutant at seventh amino acid could entirely inhibit systemic movement of PVX.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; Luteovirus ; physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; chemistry ; physiology ; Plant Viral Movement Proteins ; physiology ; Potexvirus ; genetics ; physiology

To establish a method for simultaneous determination of dehydrotumulosic acid, polyporenic acid C, 3-epi-dehydrotumulosic acid, dehydropachymic acid and pachymic acid in Poria, a RP-HPLC method detected by UV wavelengths switch had been developed, including 210 nm (48-55 min) for pachymic acid and 241 nm (0-48 min) for dehydrotumulosic acid, polyporenic acid C, 3-epi-dehydrotumulosic acid, dehydropachymic acid, separately. The system consisting of a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) and a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.05% phosphate acid as the mobile phase was adopted; The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The linear response range was 30.5-610.0 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 6) for dehydrotumulosic acid, 12.66-253.2 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 5) for polyporenic acid C, 2.99-59.7 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 7) for 3-epi-dehydrotumulosic acid, 6.13-122.5 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 5) for dehydropachymic acid and 11.3-226.0 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.9995) for pachymic acid. The average recoveries of these compounds were 98.5% (RSD = 1.9%), 99.4% (RSD = 1.7%), 97.9% (RSD = 1.2%), 96.7% (RSD = 2.5%) and 97.9% (RSD = 2.3%), respectively. The method is simple, accurate and reproducible for quality control of Poria.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Lanosterol ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Poria ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; methods ; Triterpenes ; analysis

A quantitative HPLC-DAD method was developed for simultaneous determination of N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine and N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine in Solani Melongenae Radix from different cultivation regions in China The separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) at 30 degrees C with a gradient elution of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phase. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was 300 nm. The calibration curves of N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine and N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine were linear over the ranges of 2.84-68.16, 3.10-74.40 mg x L(-1), and the average recoveries (n = 9) were 99.30% and 102.8%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of sixteen samples from different cultivation regions in China, which indicated that the method is simple, rapid, accurate, and reliable for quality evaluation of Solani Melongenae Radix.
Amides ; analysis ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Solanaceae ; chemistry ; classification

OBJECTIVETo study the advantage of fir bark splint for the treatmet of distal radius fracture.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to June 2008, 80 cases were randomly divided into two groups and treated by fir bark splint fixation or plaster fixation. There were 40 cases in the fir bark splint group, including 18 males and 22 females with an average age of 45.2 years ranging from 20 to 66 years. There were 40 cases in the plaster group, including 19 males and 21 females with an average age of 44.1 years ranging from 23 to 65 years. Four weeks after manipulative reduction and external fixation, the fixtion effect, function recovery, bone mineral density of secondly metacarpus were obsearved by X-ray film, and the clinical effect were evaluated according to healing time ahead of schedule.

RESULTSAs compared between the two groups, the fixation effect of the fir bark splint group was better than that of the plaster group (Z = -2.844, P = 0.004 < 0.05); the function recovery of the fir bark splint group was better than that of the plaster group (Z = -3.196, P = 0.001 < 0.05); the bone mineral density of secondly metacarpus of the fir bark splint group were better than that of plaster group (t = 4.56, P < 0.001); the curative effect of fir bark splint group was better than that of the plaster group (Z = -2.601, P = 0.009 < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFir bark splint could effectively keep fixation stability and promote fracture healing as well as function recovery.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Density ; Casts, Surgical ; External Fixators ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Splints

We constructed a home care platform for orthopedics,and clinical nurse specialists in orthopedics in Jiangsu Province opened online clinics on it.Patients with knee or hip joint replacement could be added to the platform,and the clinical nurse specialists provided patients with professional home care service when discharged.In the interviews of clinical nurse specialists,they said that the application of the platform was conducive to enhance their own values,and expressed their willingness to continue to use it.The joint function and quality of life scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.001).The application of the home care platform is conducive to give full play to the role of clinical nurse specialists to provide professional home care services for patients.

Objective To mvesugate the Tate of YMDD mutation accompamed with pre-core(region and core promotor region mutation and the clinical significance.Methods YMDD mutation and pre-core(at 1896 nu- cleotide)region and core promotor region(at 1762.1764 nucleotide)mutation were detected from the 122 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus after receiving lamivudine treatment above 6 months.Results 40 cases were tested for YMDI)mutations in 122 HBV patients with lamivudine treatment,and the positive rate of YMDD mutation was 32.8 %.After YMDD mutation,ALT,AST and HBV DNA of the patients significantly increased(P0.05).Conclusion The patients with YMDD mutation had higher rate of pre-core region(at 1896 nucleotide)and basal core promotor region(at 1762, 1764 nucleotide)mutation than those without YMDD mutation,but there was no correlation between the mutation and the deterioration of disease condition and the bad prognosis.

As one of the most attention-attracting immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved as the first-line drugs for the therapy of various types of cancers.Nevertheless, the single application of ICIs exhibited limited efficacy, and it is easy to develop drug resistance.Therefore, the development of combination therapies become a hot topic in this field to improve the efficacy of ICIs therapy.This article describes some new ICIs targets, reveals the mechanisms of resistance, and introduces the current status of combination other therapies with ICIs therapy systematically including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hyperthermia, antiangiogenic therapy, tumor vaccines, cytokine therapy and adoptive cellular therapy.Furthermore, the synergistic mechanism of combination therapy to enhance antitumor effect.Thus, this article provides solid references for personalized combination therapy according to the pathological characteristics of patients.

BACKGROUNDFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) is known to promote the recovery of motor function in rats with ischemia and to upregulate the expression of growth factors which support brain neurogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether postischemic FES could improve functional outcomes and modulate neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) after focal cerebral ischemia.

METHODSAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were randomly assigned to the control group, the placebo stimulation group, and the FES group. The rats in each group were further assigned to one of four therapeutic periods (1, 3, 7, or 14 days). FES was delivered 48 hours after the MCAO procedure and divided into two 10-minute sessions on each day of treatment with a 10-minute rest between them. Two intraperitoneal injections of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) were given 4 hours apart every day beginning 48 hours after the MCAO. Neurogenesis was evaluated by immunofuorescence staining. Wnt-3 which is strongly implicated in the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) was investigated by Western blotting analysis. The data were subjected to one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a Tukey/Kramer or Dunnett post hoc test.

RESULTSFES significantly increased the number of BrdU-positive cells and BrdU/glial fibrillary acidic protein double- positive neural progenitor cells in the SVZ on days 7 and 14 of the treatment (P < 0.05). The number of BrdU/doublecortin (DCX) double-positive migrating neuroblast cells in the ipsilateral SVZ on day 14 of the FES treatment group ((522.77 ± 33.32) cells/mm(2)) was significantly increased compared with the control group ((262.58 ± 35.11) cells/mm(2), P < 0.05) and the placebo group ((266.17 ± 47.98) cells/mm(2), P < 0.05). However, only a few BrdU/neuron-specific nuclear protein-positive cells were observed by day 14 of the treatment. At day 7, Wnt-3 was upregulated in the ipsilateral SVZs of the rats receiving FES ((0.44 ± 0.05)%) compared with those of the control group rats ((0.31 ± 0.02)%, P < 0.05) or the placebo group rats ((0.31 ± 0.04)%, P < 0.05). At day 14, the corresponding values were (0.56 ± 0.05)% in the FES group compared with those of the control group rats ((0.50 ± 0.06)%, P < 0.05) or the placebo group rats ((0.48 ± 0.06)%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFES augments the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSCs and thus promotes neurogenesis, which may be related to the improvement of neurological outcomes.

Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cerebral Ventricles ; physiopathology ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; analysis ; Male ; Neural Stem Cells ; physiology ; Neurogenesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stroke ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Wnt3A Protein ; analysis

Objective To understand the status of HIV sexual transmission among HIV- sero-discordant spouses and HIV-sero-accordant spouses in Yunnan province,to discuss the related factors and to provide evidence for HIV prevention and control strategy.Methods Five places with serious epidemic and 3 moderate ones were voluntarily,randomly selected.According to time sequence,300 spouses (600 people) with stable marriage were interviewed with questionnaire.Results HIV-sero-accordant spouses occupied for 40.7％ of the total spouses under survey,with the others were HIV-sero-discordant ones.Among the ones that had already been diagnosed in the families,sexual transmission was their main mode of transmission,which was accounted for 68.3％,followd by IDU as 19.7％.After disclosed the HIV test outcomes to their spouses,63.4％ HIV-sero-discordant spouses and 47.0％ HIV-sero-accordant ones changed their sexual behaviors.The rates of consistent condom use among the HIV-sero-discordant spouses increased from 16.8％ to 95.0％,and in HIV-sero-accordant spouses increased from 8.2％ to 60.9％.Data were analyzed by multi-factor logistic regression.Factors on influencing the sexual transmission in spouses would include condom use,frequency of sexual contacts and sexual transmission disease (STD) status etc.Conclusion The main transmission mode for the first HIV infected spouse was sexual transmission.Factors influencing sexual transmission in spouses would include condom use,frequency of sexual contacts,STD situation and husband was the first one being infected in the families,etc.Disclosure of the HIV results to the spouses could make a significant changes in the frequencies of sexual contact as well as the rate of condom use.