Epigenetics refers to the changes of heritable gene expression without modification of DNA sequences which is one of major research interest of human genome study post gene era. Epigenetics may play an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases. Epigenetics modification in the regulation of gene expression and function mainly includes DNA methylation,histone acetylation and non-coding RNA such as miRNA. The implication of epigenetics has been suggested with the pathogenesis of retinal fibrosis, retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. In addition, the epigenetics drug has potential to be used in the treatment of retinal diseases.

Epigenetics has become a hot topic in biomedical research in last a few years.Epigenetics refers to as epigenome,and it is interpreted as epigenetic changes (DNA methylation,histone modifications and non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs) in the regulation of genes expression on chromatin-based pathways rather than a single gene.Epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation,histone modification and miRNA serve as an interface for environmental stimuli and interacts each other to regulate gene expression and control phenotypes of cell.All of those epigenetic factors are essential in the keeping homeostasis of human body and contribute to many biologic conditions.In addition,the application of epigenetic drugs has been come into clinical trials especially in the treatment of cancers,therefore the understanding the mechanism of epigenetics in the development of human diseases and the therapeutic potential of epigenetic regulators in the treatment of human disease will bring us into the epigenetics era in biomedical research.

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Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Ataxia ; congenital ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; congenital ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Young Adult

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Qualitative and quantitative analyses of biological samples containing drugs, toxicants and endogenous substances play an important role in the researches of life sciences, as well as in new drug discovery and development. Biological samples are characterized by complex matrix, multiple endogenous interferences, significantly lower concentrations of measured analytes compared to endogenous components and small sampling volume. Consequently, it often requires bioanalysis methods with superior specificity, high sensitivity and good reproducibility. The two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) technique, which allows for high peak capacity, significant reduced matrix effect and carryover of complex matrix samples and automated sample pre-treatment and analysis, has been the powerful solution to the separation and analysis of biological sample and widely applied to environment, food and pharmaceutical analysis. On the basis of introduction of the principle and equipments of 2D-LC, the application of this technique in the pharmacokinetics, toxicological and biological study was reviewed.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of oxcarbazepine combined with levetirac-etam on children with epilepsy. Methods According to different treatments, 62 cases of children with epilepsy were divided into the OXC group (treated with oxcarbazepine, 40 cases) and the OXC combined with LEV group (treated with oxcarbazepine and levetiracetam, 20 cases). Then the therapeutic efficacy, EEG changes and ad-verse reactions of patients in the two groups were studied. Results The total efficacy was 87.5% in the OXC group, and was 95.5% of the OXC combined with LEV group, with no significant difference. EEG improvement rate was 52.5% in the OXC group and 81.8% in the OXC combined with LEV group , with significant difference (P < 0.05). The rate of adverse reactions in the OXC combined with LEV group was lower than that in the OXC group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Both levetiracetam and oxcarbazepine has good curative effect on children with epilepsy , but combination with levetiracetam can significantly decrease the epileptic discharges on EEG , with higher security.

High mobility group box-1(HMGB1)distributed widely.It exists in many organs.HMGB1 locates in nuclei and cytoplasm in normal condition.It involves in many activity of life(i.e.,duplication of DNA,cellular differentiation,gene expression).The immunocytes(i.e.,mononuclear macrophage and dendritic cells)secrete HMGB1 into the extracellular milieu when stimulated with LPS and cytokines.It acts as proinflammatory cytokines,activates inflammatory and immunological responses.As a late mediators of inflammation and last long,HMGB1 plays an important role in sepsis,so it may be a convenient and practical index in evaluating severity of sepsis and may be an important and new therapeutic target in sepsis.It has been initially proved in experimental and clinical study.

0.05).Follow-up coronary angiography was more frequently performed in group A than in group B.Conclusion In patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention,the transradial approach is a safe and feasible technique.With the higher rate of follow-up angiography,it was found that the incidence of MACE at 1-month follow-up and 6-month follow-up using the transradial approach was similar to transfemoral approach.Therefore,the transradial approach is expected to become the substitute approach for treatment in AMI patients.

OBJECTIVE To monitor drug resistance of the 5 kinds of Gram negative bacilli isolated from the old patients with lower respiratory tracts infection in Chengdu region. METHODS From Jan 2002 to Jun 2004,we collected the sputum samples of the old patients who were diagnosed lower respiratory tract infection with Gram negative bacilli,which were analyzed with automatic VITEK32 and 532 strains of common Gram negative bacilli were identified. RESULTS The most common 5 kinds of Gram negative bacilli,which were cultured among old patients in Chengdu region with lower respiratory tracts infection,were: Escherichia coli(27.44%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(20.49%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(18.23%),Acinetobacter baumannii(17.67%),and Enterobacter cloacae(16.17%).For above bacteria,the ratio of the resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,ampicillin,cefazolin,compound sulfamethoxazole was over 40%.And the isolating rate of ESBLs produced by (E.coli) and K.pneumoniae was 20.78%. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring the common bacteria and ESBLs-producing bacteria precisely can provide therapy,guide to early cure and control lower respiratory tracts infection of aged patients effectively.