30 ?g/min were found to have retinopathy, but those with slightly increased UAE (15-30 ?g/min) showed a lower incidence of retinopathy similar to that of non-albuminuric diabetics. It indicates that UAE with 30 ?g/min may signal an imperative stage in preventing micro-vascular complications in diabetes.

In the present study, we observed the effects of cholinergic enhancement by pyridostigmine (PD), a cholinesterases inhibitor, on GH release in both normal (n = 13) and GH deficient children and adolescents (n = 8). Responses of GH to insulin hypoglycemia were also observed. In the normal subjects, PD-induced serum GH peak levels were significantly higher than that induced by insulin (P

Objective To study the effect of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors SB203580 on cell cycle of K562 cell lines and its mechanisms. Methods The expression of mRNA and protein of p38,Cyclin D2,Cyelin E and P27 in K562 cell lines treated with SB203580 were detected by retrotranscription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Cell cycle was determined by flow eytometry (FCM). Results The expressions of mRNA and protein of p38, Cyclin D2 and Cyclin E in K562 cell lines treated with SB203580 were decreased and the expression of p27 was increased.The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase was increased and was decreased in S phase. There was a significant difference as compared with K562 cell lines before treated with SB203580. Conclusion SB203580 can affect cell cycle regulatory proteins by p38 pathway and eventually inhibit proliferation of K562 cells.

Objective To study the influence of exposure factors on posttraumatic stress disorder( PTSD) and Posttraumatic Growth( PTG) in middle school students in disaster area four years after the Wenchuan earth?quake . Methods 1 526 students from four schools in Worst?Hit Areas were investigated with Self?compiled Earth?quake Exposure Factors Questionnaire,Posttraumatic Growth Inventory( C?PTGI) and Impact of Event Scale( IES?R). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis.Results The score of IES?R had sig?nificant difference between different levels of all exposure factors(F=5.75~89.10, P<0.05) ,and students with high exposure level((26.68±14.66),(26.80±15.56),(27.83±14.62),(29.02±15.36),(27.77±15.74),(26.74± 15.63),(25.43±14.32),(29.51±14.36)) had heavier symptoms of PTSD than those with low exposure level ((22.84±13.96),(23.98±13.99),(23.63±14.21),(23.53±13.96),(23.64±13.83),(24.24±14.15),(21.27± 14.35),(17.54±13.34)). Only exposure factors of having witnessed someone injured and having close friends se?riously injured or being killed could significantly influence the score of PTGI(F=11.82, P=0.001;F=6.23, P=0.013). Regression analysis showed that five exposure factors (grade,having felt scared,having family members being killed,having close friends seriously injured or being killed,having witnessed someone injured) had signifi?cant effect on IES(ΔR 2=0.141) ,but only one factor( having witnessed someone injured) had weak effect on PTG (ΔR 2=0.007).Conclusion Exposure factors can predict posttraumatic stress symptoms in middle school students in Wenchuan four years after the earthquake,and the emotion of fear is a strongest predictor,but they can not pre?dict posttraumatic growth.

Objective To study the effect of autonomic nerve activity on emotion experience.Methods 71 healthy males were asked to see a neutral film STICK and conduct a computer game,then evaluated emotion experience.All participants were recorded skip temperature,skin conduction,heart rate,LF and HF during baseline and game periods.Results (1) There was significant difference in fear experience among high,middle and low synchronous groups (2.64 ± 2.05,2.50 ± 2.01,4.46 ± 2.41; P＜ 0.01),and low synchronous group was significantly higher than high synchronous group (P ＜ 0.01).The main effects of three periods were significant in basis of three response types of autonomic nerve activity(skin conduction:F(2.68) =76.083,P＜0.01; heart rate:F(2.68) =71.692,P ＜ 0.01),and skip temperature,skin conduction and heart rate were no significant difference among three response types.Types and periods had no significant interaction.(2) Different response modes of autonomic nervous system has different distributions in high fear and low fear groups (x2 =9.763,P ＜ 0.01).Skip temperature,skin conduction and heart rate were no significant difference between high fear group and low fear group.Conclusion The modes of autonomic nervous system have an effect on intensity of fear experience,but not the same in skip temperature,skin conduction and heart rate.

Objective To study the anti-fibrotic function and mechanism of peroxisome proliferator activated receptorγ(PPARγ) in connective tissue disease-interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD).Methods The expression of PPARγin lungs was analyzed in 37 cases with CTD-ILD and 20 control cases by immunohistochemistry.Changes in α-SMA levels were analyzed by Western blotting,and acetylation of Smad3 and Smad3 or PPARγ combined with P300 were analyzed by IP-WB.The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA,t test or Mann-Whitney test.Results PPARγ' expression in the lung of CTD-ILD was lower than the controls [0.92％(1.44％),3.50％(1.94)％,respectively; Z=-8.924,P＜0.01].Different concentration of PPARγ (0,1,5,10,20,40 pmol/L) ligandinhibited the marked elevation of the protein α-SMA induced by TGF-β1 in a concentration-dependent manner (0.918 ±0.062,0.852±0.042,0.725 ±0.057,0.678 ±0.042,0.418 ±0.022,0.456±0.029; P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).However,this response was blocked by a selective antagonist PPARγ signaling GW9662 (0.946±0.087 vs 0.538±0.120,P＜0.01).Acetylation of Smad3 expression was increased when TGF-β1 was putted into lung fibroblasts after 60,90 and 180 min (0.565±0.047,1.127±0.101,0.873±0.022,0.614±0.407; all P＜0.05).The combination of Smad3 with P300 was also increased (1.46±0.12,0.98±0.09; P＜0.05),compared with the controls.But the ligand of PPARγ could block this effect (0.62±0.10,1.46±0.12; P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the combination of PPARγ and P300 was increased (0.94±0.05,0.76±0.22; P＜0.05).Conclusion PPARγ may play a physiologic role in the regulation of anti-fibrosis response.Its function may be realized by its competition with Smad3 combined with P300.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling moxibustion plus spine subtle adjusting manipulation for cervical radiculopathy. Methods: A total of 70 patients with cervical radiculopathy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 35 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with warm needling moxibustion plus spine subtle adjusting manipulation, while the control group was treated with warm needling moxibustion alone. The treatments were performed three times a week, and for four weeks in total. The visual analog scale (VAS) was scored before and after treatment. And the clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared after treatment. Results: The total effective rate was 97.1％ in the observation group, versus 88.6％ in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS scores in both groups significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Warm needling moxibustion plus spine subtle adjusting manipulation has a better effect in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy than warm needling moxibustion alone.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of β-lactam antibiotics ceftriaxone on the levels of glutamate in hippocampus following traumatic brain injury in rat.

METHODSRats were divided randomly into three groups:sham group; trauma group and trauma+ceftriaxone group. Rats in the later two groups were subjected to a lateral cortical impact injury caused by a free-falling object, and trauma+ceftriaxone group was treated with ceftriaxone immediately after injury. The levels of glutamate in hippocampus was determined by HPLC at 12 h after trauma; the pathological change at 24 h after trauma was examined and water content of brain tissue at 3, 12 and 24 h after trauma was measured in three groups.

RESULTSCompared with the trauma group,the water content in brain tissue (P<0.05), neuronal death in hippocampus CAl area and the levels of glutamate and aspartate in hippocampus at 12 h (P<0.05) were significantly decreased in trauma+ceftriaxone group.

CONCLUSIONβ-lactam antibiotics ceftriaxone can reduce the level of brain glutamate, brain edema and neuronal death after traumatic brain injury in rat.

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ceftriaxone ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Glutamic Acid ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo master the distribution of male and female soldiers' body composition with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method in order to provide data for building up the standards in comparison with those of ordinary residents.

METHODSA cluster stratified sample of 5968 graduated soldiers among different armed services colleges was measured by BIA. Five percent-95% distributions with in the upper and lower limits were established on basis of the above result. The crosswise comparison was also performed.

RESULTS(1) Five percent-95% reference ranges of people in the graduating class of armed services colleges were body fat percentage (BF%): 10.30%-20.70% (male) and 19.20%-30.10% (female), body mass index (BMI): 19.30-25.70 (male) and 18.00-23.99 (female), lean body mass percentage (LBM%): 79.27%-86.69% (male) and 69.89%-80.69% (female), muscle percentage (M%): 74.24%-83.96% (male) and 65.23%-75.27% (female), bone percentage (B%): 5.01% 5.77% (male) and 4.65%-5.51% (female). (2) Soldiers in the graduating class of armed services colleges have less BF%, more B% and M% than those of ordinary residents in the same age and the same sex.

CONCLUSION(1) Soldiers in the graduating class of armed services colleges have better body composition than that of ordinary residents in the same age and the same sex; (2) Standard of body composition for soldiers in the graduating class of armed services colleges should be different from that of ordinary residents, a new standard should be built up.

Body Composition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the in vivo transduction capability of fusion protein PEP-1-EGFP with mice.Methods Two prokaryotic expression plasmids pET15b-EGFP and pET15b-PEP-1-EGFP were constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) to express EGFP and fusion protein PEP-1-EGFP,respectively.The expressed EGFP and PEP-1-EGFP were purified with Ni2+-resin affinity chromatography.Five hundred micrograms of EGFP and PEP-1-EGFP fusion protein were injected into mouse through caudal vein,respectively,the mice were euthanized and perfused with PBS 2 hours after administration.Then,the heart,brain,liver,spleen and kidney were removed and sectioned with a cryostat at 7 ?m for visualization with a inverted fluorescent microscope.ResultsThe brain,heart,liver,spleen and kidney injected with PEP-1-EGFP showed bright and homogenous green fluorescence whereas that with EGFP showed no green fluorescence at all.Conclusion The successful expression and purification of PEP-1-EGFP fusion protein and its efficient transduction into mice in vivo provide a basis for the research on transmembrane delivery of macromolecule drugs mediated by the cell-penetrating peptide,PEP-1.