BACKGROUND:Scaffold materials are the important part of tissue engineering bone, and the ideal biodegradation speed of the scaffold materials can be in accordance with the regeneration speed of bone formation in order to achieve a long-term stability. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the biodegradability of different types of currently available scaffold materials and its relationship with bone formation. METHODS:The PubMed and CNKI database were searched by the first author using the key words of “tissue engineering bone, composite scaffold, scaffold degradation” in English and Chinese for articles addressing biodegradability of scaffold materials and its relationship with bone formation published during January 1996 and December 2013. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Many scaffold materials under organic, inorganic and organic-inorganic categories have been available and the current studies focus on inorganic materials and organic-inorganic composite materials.In vivo andin vitro studies indicate the different characteristics and relative merits of these scaffold materials. Organic materials have a relatively slow degradation rate while inorganic materials can completely degrade but have an insufficient mechanical property. For organic-inorganic composite materials, further studies are needed.

Objective To explore the related factors of senile acute pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE) patients,and to observe the prognosis and analyze the strategy of control and prevention to reduce the incidence. Methods 50 elderly patients with acute PTE were selected,related factors were analyzed by using the retrospective investigation,and the prevention and control were administrated.Results The mainly disease occurred of the elderly patients with acute PTE were combined with chronic diseases 42% (21 /50),with lower extremity DVT 26.00%(13 /50)and with recent trauma,fracture and operation 20%(10 /50).Elderly patients with acute PTE who were ≥70 years of age and lying in bed the time≥1 month,were 58%(29 /50)and 62%(31 /50),which were higher than those of the other age <70 years old and lying in bed time <1 month of patients,the difference was statistically signifi-cant(χ2 =9.26,9.80,all P <0.05).Conclusion The related risk factors for elderly patients with acute PTE mainly correlate with age,lying in bed time,chronic diseases,patients with lower extremity DVT and recent trauma,fracture, operation,the variety of factors and overlap each other.Mastering the variety factors of PTE in the nursing process,and taking effective measures to prevent and control the factorscan reduce or avoid the occurrence of acute PTE,and im-prove the prognosis of the patients.

Encephalopathy of prematurity is still an important reason which affects the survival and quality of life of preterm infants. During hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU),a variety of environmental factors such as noise,light,too much tactile stimuli,pain,and maternal - infant separation all will affect the development of preterm infants' brain,leading to encephalopathy of prematurity. Therefore,need to attach importance to the effects of NICU environment on the growth and development and the neurological function of preterm infants,try to optimize the environment of NICU,to reduce the incidence of brain injury of prematurity,improve the long - term prognosis of pre-term infants.

Objective:To investigate the effects of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)on the expression of endothelial CD40L and lymphocyte-endothelium adhesion.Methods:HUVEC was used for adhesion assay and CD40L detection.The effect of mycophenolic acid(MPA),an active metabolite of MMF,was observed in the study.HUVEC were treated with TNF-? or/and MPA for 24 hours.The lymphocyte-endothelium adhesion was detected by Rose Bengal staining.After treated with TNF-?,rIFN-?,and LPS,HUVEC CD40L expression was detected.HUVEC was treated with any of the modulators or each combined with MPA,respectively for 24 hours and different doses of MPA combined with LPS were also designed to stimulate HUVEC for 24 hours.The expression of CD40L on HUVEC was detected by cell-ELISA method.Results:MPA inhibited adhesion to lymphocytes of the HUVECs of either resting or stimulated with TNF-?.The cytokines used in the study induced expression of CD40L on HUVECs.MPA did not inhibit CD40L expression on resitng HUVECs,whereas it inhitbited CD40L expression induced by TNF-?,rIFN-?,or LPS,and the inhibition of CD40L expression on the cells induced by LPS was shown in dose of MMF-dependnet pattern.Conclusion:Endothelial cells express a low level of constitutive CD40L that is increased by treated with simple cytokines.MMF inhibits interactions between endothelial cells and lymphocytes by suppressing the expression of CD4OL on endothelial cells.

Zhou Jianren's thinking on sexual morality at the late "May 4th" is profound and prospective.It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to dredge up the spirit of Zhou's thinking on sexual morality to establish a scientific concept of sexual morality and to train students of good character of sexual morality in contemporary university.

Objective To dynamically observe the expressions of Toll like-receptor 2 (TLR-2),TLR-4 and inflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta and TNF alpha,and analyze the correlation between TLR-2,TLR-4 and inflammatory response on rat cornea alkali burn.Methods Forty SPF healthy SD rats were excluded the anterior segment disease,the right eye was set as burn experiment and the left eye as normal control,Ⅲ level corneal alkali burn model was established with concentration of 1 mol · L-1 NaOH(At the establishment and after the establishment of the model,the inconsistent degree of corneal bums,the corneal perforation and hyphema in rats,etc.,were removed,and finally randomly selected 32 eligible rats),then were randomly grouped into 3 days,7 days,14 days and 21 days group,8 eyes in each group.The rats were observed and photographed anterior segment of each group,evaluated the corneal inflammation index,then removed the eyeball of the rats in the corresponding time points.The eyeballs were made into pathological tissue section and stained with HE method.The number of inflammatory cells in the cornea was calculated,and the expression of TLR-2,TLR-4,IL-1 beta and TNF alpha was detected in the rat cornea with method of Western blot protein detection at the same time.The differences of each group were analyzed,and the correlation was assessed between TLRs and inflammatory factor.Results There were the expressions of TLR-2,TLR-4,IL-1 beta and TNF alpha in the normal rat cornea,and its expressions were gradually increased after alkali burn,reached the peak at the 7 days,then decreased gradually,the difference of each group (the 3 day,the 7 day,the 14 day,the 21 day) was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of TLR-2 and IL-1 beta (r =0.986,P ＜ 0.05),TNF alpha (r =0.986,P ＜ 0.05) were positive correlated.The expressions of TLR-4 and IL-1 beta(r =0.975,P ＜ 0.05),TNF alpha (r =0.990,P ＜0.05) were positive correlated.Conclusion TLRs participates and may start immune inflammatory response after corneal alkali burn,mediates the production of inflammatory cytokine.

Objective To study Evaluation of serum soluble ST2 protein and brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)in patients with acute heart failure and prognosis of patients with acute heart failure.Methods Fifty cases patients with acute heart failure from April 2014 to April 2015 in the First Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Beijing were researched.Detection of all patients with serum ST2,NT-proBNP,50 patients with acute heart failure were divided into heart failure group,50 healthy persons were selected as the control group.The control group and the observation group general heart failure data,the observation group and the control group of cardiac biomarker blood level,cardiac function level NT-proBNP blood concentration level,classification of cardiac function between ST2 blood concentration level were compared.Results Cr,BUN of heart failure group were higher than the control group,there was no significant difference between other indicators(P＞0.05).ST2((0.46±0.07)ng/L)in heart failure group was lower than the control group((0.66±0.20)ng/L),NT-proBNP((4160.20±57.49)ng/L)was higher than the control group((58.97±4.39)ng/L),heart function IV NT-proBNP blood concentration of the highest(9 428.29±75.93)ng/L,followed by grade III(1 921.01±30.27)ng/L,the second lowest(321.02±16.80)ng/L,(P＜0.01).Heart function IV level ST2 blood concentration was the highest(1.95±0.69)ng/L,followed by grade III(1.27±0.61)ng/L,class II minimum(0.78±0.24)ng/L(P＜0.01).Conclusion The serum ST2 and NT-proBNP are used to detect the patients with acute heart failure,can provide accurate diagnosis basis,has a very important value judgment on the classification and prognosis.

Objective To explore the features and relevant factors of ecological executive function in adults with id-iopathic or probably symptomatic epilepsy. Methods 120 adults with idiopathic or probably symptomatic epilepsy were compared strictly with 120 healthy controls of the same gender, age , marriage and educational degree. The differences in ecological executive function were compared between the two groups with the Behavior Rating Inven-tory of Executive Function-adult version( BRIEF-A);apply multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to explore the correlations between epileptic factors with projects of BRIEF-A. Results Compared with controls,the epileptics yielded higher scores significantly on all projects of BRIEF-A(P<0. 05):global executive composite,be-havioral regulation index,inhibition,shift,emotion control, self-monitoring, metacognition index,initiation, working memory,plan,organization,task monitor. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that four clinical fea-tures videlicet seizure type, seizure frequency, epilepsy control and antiepileptic drugs were closely related to BRIEF-A while factors such as course of disease,gender,age,marriage,educational degree,initial age were not rele-vant to BRIEF-A. Conclusion The ecological executive function of adults with idiopathic or probably symptomatic epilepsy impairment is affected by seizure type,seizure frequency,epilepsy control and antiepileptic drugs.

PlexinC1 is a large transmembrane protein widely distributed,which belongs to receptor system. PlexinC1 is expressed by monocyte,T-cells,B-cells,dendritic cells,neutrophils,and platelets. Recent researches showed that plexinC1 was intensely associated with lung injury,asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. PlexinC1 binded to its corresponding ligand and activated cellular signal pathway,which then participating in pathophysiologic processes of diseases mentioned above. Reasonably,PlexinC1 influences the development, prognosis of lung diseases and would provide a new target in control and treatment of lung diseases. This pa-per reviewed simply the formation,distribution,function of plexinC1 and the role of it playing in the associat-ed lung diseases.

Objective To explore the response inhibition ability of oppositional defiant disorder symptoms children. Methods Subjects were 27 oppositional defiant disorder symptoms children and 27 normal children. They were asked to complete the stop signal task,go/no go task and the Simon task. Results The delay time of stop reaction (SOA,(260.27 ±69.12)ms) and go reaction time( (554.31 ±55. 81 )ms)of the oppositional defiant disorder symptoms children were shorter than the control group, the difference was significant (P＜0. 05). However,the stop reaction and interference control ability were no significant difference between these two groups. Conclusion Oppositional Defiant Disorder symptoms children's poor prepotent response inhibition ability is cognitive mechanism of their impulsive behaviors.