OBJECTIVE:To prepare clindamycin gel and to establish its quality control.METHODS:Hydrochloride clindamycin was used as the principal agent,carbomer-934,propylene glycol as preservatives to prepare clindamycin gel;HPLC method was adopted to determine the content of clindamycin.RESULTS:The prepared gel showed fine consistency and moderate viscosity;The detected concentration of clindamycin was linear in the range of20～80?g/ml,the average recovery rate was99.50%,RSD=1.05%.CONCLUSION:This preparation is stable in quality and the quality control is feasible and reliable.

It have been known that many epigenetic alterations palyed an important role in development of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In contrast to genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations could be in principle pharmacologically reversed. Application of epigenetic drugs can reactivate inactivated suppressor genes. Epigenetic drugs mainly include demethylating agents and histone deacylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which are available in treatment. 5-AZA and decitabine as DNA demethylation agents have been approved by FDAof treatment in intermediate or high risk MDS, especially those old patients who are resistant to chemotherapy.HDAC inhibitors such as valproic acid are mostly employed in phase I trial, probably effective in treating low risk MDS, but treatment schedules and curative effects still have to be evaluated. The combination of demethylation agents and HDAC inhibitors may result in synergistic activity, but its therapeutic effect seems not to be superior to monotherapy of demethylation agents in current clinical trials, and it still need new clinical trials containing more cases and rational treatment schedules to identify safety and effect of combination.

Objective To study the effect of Ghrelin on food choice of rats.Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,0.1 nM Ghrenlin group and 1.0 nM Ghrenlin group,and 8 rats in each group.0.2 μl arificial cerebrospinal fluid were injected into the lateral ventricle in control group,and the same volume 0.1nM and 1.0 nM Ghrelin were done in 0.1 nM Ghrenlin group and 1.0 nM Ghrenlin group respectively.The changes of food intake,feeding interval,and torlerance of different flavors of food intake were observed.The SCH23390,an antagonist of dopamine D1 receptor,was used to explore the mechanisms of Ghrelin.Results The rats' food consumption increased significantly and the intake intervals reduced dose dependently after injecting Ghrelin into the lateral ventricles (P＜0.05 ～ 0.01).Compared with normal liquid food,the rats' intake of food added with quinine was reduced((16.73±5.21)ml vs (23.47±9.46)ml,P＜0.01),and injecting Ghrelin into the lateral ventricles could not reverse this effect ((13.74±3.29) ml vs (16.73±5.21)ml,P＞0.05).Mter injecting Ghrelin,the rats' intake of liquid food added with sugar increased in a dose dependent manner(P＜0.05 ～ 0.01),and higher than the food intake of fasted rats ((59.24 ± 17.32) ml vs (38.13 ± 10.98) ml,P＜ 0.05).The food intake reduced obviously after injecting SCH23390 ((22.69±6.54) ml vs (28.21±7.35)ml,P＜0.05).But the rats' food intake was significantly lower after injecting SCH23390 ± Ghrehn than the rats only injected of Ghrehn ((3Z44±10.62)ml vs (65.81±13.47)ml,P＜0.05).Conclusion Ghrelin can affect the food choice of rats,and dopamine may be involved in the regulation of this process.

Objective To explore the risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the elderly,in order to provide the basis for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods 168 elderly patients with CAP (observation group) and 100 elderly patients without CAP (control group) were chosen from our hospital from Jan.2013 to Dec.2014.The clinical data were investigated,and the risk factors for CAP were analyzed.Results Single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groupsin serum protein level,pets-raising,smoking,dust exposure,bronchial disease,renal dysfunction and diabetes mellitus (all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum protein level,pets-raising,smoking,bronchial disease and diabetes were the independent risk factors for CAP in the elderly (OR=2.793,2.578,3.017,3.168 and 2.643,all P＜0.05).Conclusions The community-acquired pneumonia is related with many risk factors in the elderly.The clinical corresponding prevention and treatment for the risk factors should be developed,which have an important significance in the early diagnosis,early treatment and prognostic improvement in community-acquired pneumonia.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of levofloxacin combined with Jingangteng particle in the treatment of patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.Methods According to the random number table, sixty -four patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease were divided into control group(n =32)which were treated with levofloxacin and treatment group(n =32)which were treated with levofloxacin and Jingangteng particle for three weeks.The clinical effect,symptoms and signs were evaluated and the adverse reactions between the two groups were observed as well as serum C reactive protein(CRP)were measured before and after treatment.Results The score of symptoms and signs of the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant [(2.61 ±2.09 )points vs.(5.32 ±3.28)points,t =3.941,P =0.000;(1.47 ± 1.02)points vs.(2.56 ±2.04)points,t =2.703,P =0.008].The level of serum CRP of the control group was (5.46 ± 1.93)mg/L,which was statistically higher than (3.76 ±1.06)mg/L of the treatment group after treatment,the differ-ence was statistically significant (t =4.367,P =0.000).The total effective rate of the treatment group was 96.9%, which of the control group was 78.1%,the difference between the two groups were statistically significant(χ2 =5.142,P =0.023).There was no significant adverse reactions during the treatment.Conclusion Levofloxacin com-bined with Jingangteng particle can obviously improve the symptoms and signs of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, they have good safety and are worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Objective:To analyze the gender differences in personality traits of middle school students.Methods:855 cases were tested by the Chinese Personality Scale(QZPS) .Results:①There were significant gender differences in behavior styles,talent and interpersonal relations personality dimensions among middle school students,in good-heartedness and emotionality among rural students,in good-heartedness and talent among urban students.②There were significant gender differences in good-heartedness,emotionality and honesty among junior high school students,in extroversion,good-heartedness,talent and emotionality among senior high school students.Conclusion:Female students are more cohesive and affective in interpersonal relations,and more honest and emotive,and lower interest-oriented in intrinsic quality;male students are more stable in emotion controlling,and more aimed in action.Senior high school students' gender differences are more significant than junior high school students'.

Through the questionnaire survey of community residents,the paper studies the factors influencing users' acquisition of health information from libraries in medical universities and colleges and provides reference and suggestions for socialized services of these libraries.As indicated by the results,the influencing factors include the distance,motivation,environment,limitation and time.On this basis,it proposes solutions,including the improvement of the service mechanism,the utilization of advantages of medical library resources and the establishment of the service system for community residents centering on medical libraries.

Objective To investigate the status of glycemic control in a group of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients combined with pe-ripheral arterial disease before and after operation .Methods Patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease who were in charge in vascular surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2002 to 2012 were involved .Type2 DM out patient without lower extremity arterial occlusive disease were involved as control .We measured blood pressure ,blood glucose and blood lipid .Fasting,2hPG and average plasma glucose of two groups patients were Compared ,at the same time we observed the difference of plasma glucose before and after operation.The Student′s t test and ANOVA analysis were used to compare the difference of before and after operation and between groups . Results Total of sixty DM patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease were involved ,and sixty five patients were involved in control group.There was no difference in age between two groups (65.8 ±8.9 vs 63.0 ±10.0years).The DM patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease had longer duration of DM (12.2 ±7.1 vs 7.7 ±5.9years).PAD group had higher fasting plasma glucose (8.3 ± 2.7 vs 7.7 ±2.3mmol/L),post breakfast and lunch plasma glucose (10.7 ±2.9 vs 9.0 ±2.4mmol/L,10.6 ±3.1 vs 8.9 ±4.1mmol/L) than control group .There was no significant difference in post dinner plasma glucose of two groups .Patients with PAD obtained a good plas-ma glucose after they made an operation but insulin Volume had no change ,which was as fasting plasma glucose (7.7 ±2.1 vs 6.8 ± 2.8mmol/L),breakfast (10.5 ±2.5 vs 8.5 ±3.4mmol/L),lunch(10.5 ±3.1 vs 8.7 ±3.8mmol/L)and average plasma glucose (9.6 ± 1.8 vs 8.2 ±2.9mmol/L).Post dinner plasma glucose had no difference in two groups .Conclusion Type 2 DM patients combined with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease had a longer duration of diabetes and higher plasma glucose .At the same,therapy and operation can improve blood glucose control .If a DM patient has a poor plasma glucose ,we should find its reason ,and deal with complication ,then plasma glucose can be controlled better .

OBJECTIVE To prevent hospital infection in the sterilization and supply department and improve medical and nursing quality.METHODS Working steps and factors probably related to hospital infection in the sterilization and supply department were investigated,which included rinse,package,sterilization,storage and supply.RESULTS The incidence of hospital infection went down because of strictness of working steps in the sterilization and supply department.CONCLUSIONS Strictness of working steps in the sterilization and supply department can effectively decrease the incidence of hospital infection

Retinal ischemia is a common cause of blindness and visual impairment.Some eye diseases,such as glaucoma,retinal artery occlusion and diabetic retinopathy,are associated with retinal ischemia.It is very important to build an ideal animal model which can imitate human retinal ischemia disease for investigating the pathological mechanism and treatment of retinal ischemia.Rodent is a popular choice for retinal ischemia model due to its availability and the similarity to human retinal blood supply.To provide a supportive evidence of retinal ischemia research,some literature concerning rodent models is reviewed and various methods to build the model are summarized,such as elevated intraocular pressure,optic nerve ligation,ligation of vessels,photo-chemistry,endothelin-1 injection and middle cerebral artery occlusion intraluminal suture,etc.Here,the specific protocols,the pathological changes and molecular mechanism of each model are reviewed.