OBJECTIVE: To optimize the formulation of ketamine hydrochloride for intranasal administration that was of effective anesthetic effect.METHODS: Using ketamine hydrochloride injection as basic preparation,various nasal absorption enhancer or viscosity modifiers(0.5%,1% and 2% azone,EDTA,carbomer,2-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin,carboxymethyl cellulose) were added to make different nasal drops.After intranasal administration,the anesthetic effect was evaluated to find the optimum formulation.The behavior of anesthetic induction period and anesthetic index were used to evaluate the anesthetic effect.RESULTS: The perfect anesthetic effect was achieved when the formulation was prepared by adding 1% azone in ketamine hydrochloride injection(at a dose of 10 mg?kg-1).The anesthetic time was long.The muscle relaxing time,eyelid reflecting disappearing time,pain disappearing time and righting reflecting disappearing time were(21.4?7.1) min,(11.4?4.6) min,(15.6?5.7) min and(12.0?4.8) min,respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Optimal formulation of ketamine hydrochloride for intranasal administration was obtained when 1% azone was added as an absorption enhancer.

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Objective:To investigate the effect of X-irradiation on Adhesion molecules and their related biological characteristics of Human Lung.Methods:A549 cells were irradiated with varying doses of X-rays.MTT assay was employed to evaluate the effects of X-irradiation on the proliferative inhibition of A549 cells.The immunocytochemical method was employed to analyze the protein expression levels of E-cadherin and ?-catenin.The transwell chambers were employed to evaluate the invasion of A549 cells.Results:X-irradiation could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner.The protein expression of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in A549 were higher than that in control group(P

Objective:To explore the application effect of 3D printing teaching model on spinal surgery teaching.Methods:A total of 50 eight-year clinical medical students of Batch 2015 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Traditional teaching mode was used in the control group and 3D printing teaching model was used in the experimental group. The performance of graduation from the department, teaching experience indicators and teaching satisfaction were compared between the two groups. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test. Results:The performance of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). The scores of teaching experience indicators in the experimental group were all higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The satisfaction rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:3D printing teaching model can significantly improve students' theoretical knowledge assessment and surgical design evaluation, and improve the teaching effect and students' satisfaction.

Cerebral white matter damage is the most common form of brain injury in premature infants,which is the main cause of neurological and mental injury and cerebral palsy.Imaging examination plays an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of white matter damage.Because of the safe and accurate characteristics,nuclear magnetic resonance has become the most common imagine form.Different from the traditional nuclear magnetic resonance technique,diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can get quantitative analysis of cerebral white matter fiber bundle in vivo.This technology has become a powerful tool for the evaluation of white matter damage.The article summarizes the application of DTI in the neurodevelopmental evaluation of cerebral white matter damage in premature infants.

Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Testis ; drug effects ; pathology

Objective To explore the risk factors of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning(AOPP). Method The patients with acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning,admitted from September 2004 to August 2005,were retrospectively analyzed.The 87 patients were divided into groups according to the presence or absence of combined conditions including hypotension,hypoxemia or metabolic acidosis.Acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)score was calculated.The chi-square test was used to examine the mortality between those groups.Results The total in-hospital mortality of 87 acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients was 21.8%.The mean APACHEⅡscore was(7.58?5.32)in the 68 survivors and(21.17～9.46)in the 19 dead,there were significant differences between the survivors and the dead(t=9.25,P20 was 65.2%(15/23),andit was 6.3% (4/64)in patients with APACHEII score

Objective To study the analysis of insulin glargine combined with acarbose in type 2 diabetes compared with pre mixed insulin treatment efficacy and safety. Methods 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in our hospital from March 2015 to August 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 50 patients in each group. The control group were treated with premixed insulin treatment, the experimental group were treated with basal insulin combined with acarbose. The clinical indexes of the experimental group and the control group were compared and analyzed. Results After the corresponding treatment, the fasting blood glucose level of the control group was (7.56 ± 1.13) nmol / L, and the fasting blood glucose level of the experimental group was (7.01 ± 0.92) nmol / L. The level of fasting blood glucose in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, with statistical difference (P<0.05). The level of HbA1c in the experimental group was (7.01 ± 0.82)％, significantly lower than that in the control group, and the level of HbA1c (7.45 ± 0.91)％, with statistical difference (P<0.05). Among the 50 patients in the control group, hypoglycemia occurred in 20 patients, the incidence of hypoglycemia was 40％, significantly higher than that in the experimental group, and the incidence of hypoglycemia was 14％, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Basal insulin combined with acarbose compared with premixed insulin treatment of type 2 diabetes treatment can significantly hypoglycemic effect, high safety, with further clinical promotion and application significance.

Objective To study the rationality of hypoglycemic drugs in patients with gastroparesis. Methods The mechanism of gastroparesis was analyzed, and the mechanism, indications, adverse reactions and contraindications of common hypoglycemic agents were studied. Results There were significant differences in the mechanism of gastric hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic therapy. The mechanism of action and the application of the patients were obvious. According to the characteristics of the patients, the selection of the appropriate drugs could improve the clinical curative effect and ensure the safety of the drug. Conclusion The pathogenesis of gastroparesis is more complicated. The clinical practice should be based on the pathogenesis of the patients and the hypoglycemic drug regimen.

The expression of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (STN) rats model, and its correlation to the renal microvasculature injury were investigated. Rat 5/6 STN model was established in adult male SD rats, and the sham-operated group and 5/6 STN group were set up. The renal function and histopathological changes were examined at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th week after operation. The expression of Ang-1, TSP-1 and CD31 in renal tissues was detected by using immunohistochemistry. From 2nd to 8th week after operation, Ang-1 was significantly expressed in glomeruli of rats with STN. Ang-1 staining in glomeruli of STN group was increased significantly as compared with that in sham-operated group at 4th and 8th week after operation, and subsequently decreased after the 12th week. The expression of TSP-1 was increased significantly in STN group. As compared with sham-operated group, the CD31 expression was significantly down-regulated from the 2nd week. The expression of Ang-1 mRNA was detected by using RT-PCR at the same time points. The expression of Ang-1 mRNA in renal tissue of rats with STN was significantly up-regulated at the 2nd, 4th and 8th week after operation as compared with that in STN group at other time points or in sham-operated group at the same time points, while decreased evidently at the 12th week as compared with that in sham-operated group. It is concluded that there are changes in the mRNA expression of Ang-1, and the significant up-regulation of the expression of TSP-1 in renal tissue of rats with STN, which may be involved in the remnant renal microvasculature injury.