Objective To study the long term results of condylar reconstruction using pedicled patella in the treatment of giant cell tumor of lower femur. Methods From August 1964 to December 1996, 6 patients with giant cell tumor in the lateral condyle of femur were treated with unicondylar resection curettage and reconstruction with pedicled patella autograft. There were 3 males and 3 females. The average age of the pateints was 30.5 years. The operative indications were as the following: tumor was located in one condyle, complicated with pathological fracture or the tumor had invaded underneath cartilage which was difficult for curettage. Surgical procedure included: Lateral condyle resection according to X ray or CT image, curettage of the possible remaining tumor tissues in the medial condyle. A muscle pedicle of 2.5 cm wide from the quadriceps was raised with the patella, then the articular surface of patella was used to reconstruct the articular surface of femoral condyle, ilium graft(sometimes allograft) was used to fill the defect proximal to the patella. The grafts was fixed by screws and(or) plates. Anterior cross ligament was fixed to the patella. Results 6 patients were followed up for a mean period of 136 months. There were no infection, recurrence, metastasis and instability. All patients could walk for a long distance. The range of motion of the involved knees was between 80? and 120?. There was no varus deformity under stress test, but about 5 degrees valgus deformity under stress test could be found in some, muscle strenth was 5 grade. Conclusion Pedicled patella autograft is a good method for the treatment of giant cell tumor that invades unilateral condyle of lower femur, it is specially suitable to the patients with pathological fracture or severe destruction underneath the cartilage. Thorough resection and curretage of the tumor, preserving the blood supply of patella, refixing the cross ligament, and lower placement of patella are the key points to obtain the satisfactory results.

The purpose of this study was to fabricate decelluarized valve scaffold modified with polyethylene glycol nanoparticles loaded with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), by which to improve the extracellular matrix microenvironment for heart valve tissue engineering in vitro. Polyethylene glycol nanoparticles were obtained by an emulsion-crosslinking method, and their morphology was observed under a scanning electron microscope. Decelluarized valve scaffolds, prepared by using trypsinase and TritonX-100, were modified with nanoparticles by carbodiimide, and then TGF-β1 was loaded into them by adsorption. The TGF-β1 delivery of the fabricated scaffold was measured by asing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Whether unseeded or reseeded with myofibroblast from rats, the morphologic, biochemical and biomechanical characteristics of hybrid scaffolds were tested and compared with decelluarized scaffolds under the same conditions. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed a typical delivery of nanoparticles. The morphologic observations and biological data analysis indicated that fabricated scaffolds possessed advantageous biocompatibility and biomechanical property beyond decelluarized scaffolds. Altogether this study proved that it was feasible to fabricate the hybrid scaffold and effective to improve extracellular matrix microenvironment, which is beneficial for an application in heart valve tissue engineering.

This paper introduces the method of mixed programming with Labview and Matlab, and applies this method in a pulse wave pre-processing and feature detecting system. The method has been proved suitable, efficient and accurate, which has provided a new kind of approach for biomedical signal analysis.
Heart Rate ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Software

Objective To explore the role of toll-like receptor (TLR)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway in cervical tumor with high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection.Methods (1)Study was based on 36 women with nonmalignantcervical tissue as control group and 36 women with squamous cell cervical cancer (SCC),all with hrHPV infection which were assessed by using 14 types hrHPV E6/E7 mRNA real-time PCR kit.The amount of NO was detected by Griess reaction,the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC).The mRNA expression of TLR3,TLR4,TLR7,TLR8,TLR9,nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and iNOS in control and SCC epithelium which was captured by laser capture microdissection (LCM) were determined.(2)The expressions of TLR4 in CaSki,HeLa and C33a were detected by cell immunofluorescence method.The mRNA and protein expression of TLR/NO pathway transduction molecules including TLR4,NF-κBp65 and iNOS in CaSki,HeLa and C33a cell lines were detected by real-time PCR and western blot.Results (1)The level of NO was much higher in SCC group than that in control group [(42.92±0.36) μmol/L vs (15.49±0.24) μmol/L;P＜0.05].iNOS was detected in 75％ (27 cases) of patients with squamous cervical carcinoma,while only 6％ (2 cases) of normal controls were confirmed with positve result (P＜0.05).TLR/NO pathway maybe activated in SCC,for the mRNA levels of TLR3,TLR4,TLR7,TLR8,NF-κBp65 and iNOS increased significantly when compared to control group (all P＜0.05),and the greatest change in the expression level of TLR in SCC was spotted on TLR4(7.41±0.39 vs 1.86±0.21).(2)The results of immunofluorescence showed that TLR4 was located at plasma membrance of hrHPV positive HeLa and CaSki cells,while the integral optical density of TLR4 in HeLa cells (3 599±427) or CaSki cells (2 080±456) were higher than that in C33a cells (730±96;P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein level of TLR4,NF-κBp65 and iNOS in HeLa and CaSki cells were higher than those of C33a cells (P＜0.05).Conclusion TLR4/NO pathway is highly expressed in cervical cancer with hrHPV infection,while the pathway may be involved in cervical tumorigenesis with hrHPV infection.

Objective To discuss the feasibility of biodegradable covered magnesium alloys stent for a rabbit model of lateral aneurysm in the common carotid artery (CCA). Methods The left CCA was ligated in 20 conventional New Zealand rabbits. MRA of the neck was performed 1 month after ligation. The rabbits with thickening of the right CCA and non-or slight thickening of the bilateral vertebral arteries were selected for lateral aneurysm model making. The venous pouch and the right CCA wall by discontinuous extroversion sutures, to form a lateral aneurysm model. The biodegradable covered magnesium alloys stents or Willis covered stents were inserted two weeks after model making. Angiography was performed prior to the procedure, 3, 6 and 12 months after stent implantation to evaluate the disappearance of the aneurysms and patency of the right CCA. The degradation behaviour is invastagated with molybdenum target 2 weeks, 1, 2, 4, 6,9 and 12 months after stent placement. Results The left CCAs were successful ligated in all rabbits. MRA 1 month after ligation showed thickening of the right CCA and non-thickening of the bilateral vertebral arteries in 17 of 20 rabbits. In these animals, the CCA lateral aneurysm model was deemed successful, and biodegradable covered magnesium alloys stents and Willis covered stents were implanted in 9 and 8 aneurysms, respectively. DSA after biodegradable covered magnesium alloys stent placement displayed disappearance of the aneurysms and patency of the CCA in all 9 rabbits during follow-ups. DSA 3 months after Willis stent placement displayed patency of the CCA in 7 rabbits and occlusion of the artery in one. No occlusion of the right CCA was observed on angiography at 6 and 12 months. The degradation of the biodegradable covered magnesium alloys stent was investigated with molybdenum target during follow-ups, and no changes was observed in Willis covered stent. Conclusion Biodegradable covered magnesium alloys stent is a feasible approach for the treatment of a lateral aneurysm in the right CCA.

Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by erosive and symmetric synovitis.Chronic inflammation of RA increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease.Atherosclerosis caused by inflammation in blood vessels is the main complication of RA patients. Many inflammatory immune cells, inflammatory factors, and adipokines were involved in chronic inflammation in vascular. In patients with RA, high levels of inflammatory factors, such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, accelerated atherosclerosis and myocardial fibrosis. Some adipokines, including adiponectin,leptin and resistin, are also important factors causing cardiovascular diseases in patients with RA.In this paper, they review the research advances of inflammatory factors and adipokines involved in RA associated with cardiovascular disease.

To observe the therapeutic effect of Nitazoxanide(NTZ) on dogs infected with Giardia canis trophozoites.Eight dogs were infected with Giardia canis trophozoites and divided into four groups rondomly,G1:2 dogs treated with Nitazoxanide at a single dose of 1 mg/kg body weight;G2:2 dogs treated with NTZ at a single dose of 2 mg/kg;G3:2 dogs treated with NTZ at a single dose of 41 mg/kg;G4:2 dogs treated without drugs as control.All groups were examined for Giardia canis cysts by Zinc Sulfate Flotation.Each group was subjected to collect stool per day and counted cysts.The results of G2 and G3 were negative after 1th day.G1 were negative after 4th days.The results indicated that NTZ at a dose of 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg in dogs had a faourable effect on the dogs infected with Giardia canis.

Objective: To compare the clinical effects between minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) assisted by Microendoscopic discectomy (MED) and Quadrant for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). Methods: All of 59 patients suffered from DLSS treated surgically from May 2015 to October 2017 were reviewed. According to the surgery method, all cases were divided into MED group (27 cases) and Quadrant channel group (32 cases). All patients were followed up for an average of 18.5 months (11-29 months). Comparison was made on the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, postoperative time in bed, postoperative creatine kinase (CK), fusion rate and the degree of muscle fibrosis shown in MRI, as well as visual analogue scale (VAS)score and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) score in two groups. Results: The duration of operation in MED group was significantly longer than that in Quadrant group (161.7±22.4 min vs. 145.6±19.4 min, t=4.541, P<0. 01), but less intraoperative blood loss (138.1±26.9 ml vs. 155.6±21.5 ml, t=-2.724, P< 0. 01) and shorter time in bed after surgery (2.3±0.7 d vs. 3.5±1.1 d, t=-4.564, P<0.01). Compared with Quadrant group, CK levels were risen slightly on the first and third postoperative day (P<0.01). CK on the fifth postoperative day in both groups returned to normal. VAS score of lower back pain in MED group was lower than that in Quadrant group on the third day and twelfth month after operation (P<0.05). After 3 months, there was no significant difference in VAS score and ODI between the two groups (P>0.05). ODI was lower in MED group than that in Quadrant group after 6 months and 12 months.The fusion rate was88.9%(24/27) in MED group and 93.8%(30/32) in Quadrant channel group. There was no statistical difference in fusion rate of two groups. 10 patients in MED group and 12 patients in Quadrant group underwent MRI examination of lumbar spine one year after operation. The ratio of postoperative and preoperative atrophy of multiplex muscle area was measured. Muscle atrophy of lower back muscle was lighter in MED group (0.12±0.05 vs. 0.22±0.04, t=-2.428, P<0.05). For intraoperative and postoperative complications, 1 case of dural sac rupture occurred in both groups. Gelatin sponge immediately with fibrin glue was used for plugging up, no postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage was found. In Quadrant channel group, 1 case had less blood supply of skin incision edges and epidermal necrosis while the other case had fat liquefaction. Conclusion Compared with the aid of Quadrant, MIS-TLIF assisted with MED had less blood loss, less trauma and faster recovery and could reduce the incidence of postoperative incision complication.

Retinal vascular function is complex, morphological structure varies from person to person, and is susceptible to vascular diseases and systemic vascular diseases. Its accurate segmentation is of great significance for disease diagnosis and identification. In this paper, a multi-scale matching filtering algorithm is proposed for the uneven size of retinal blood vessels. On the basis of the traditional singlescale Gaussian matching filter, multiscale Gaussian matched filters with two sizes are used to enhance grayscale images. Enhancement is performed, and the superimposed image is binarized using a twodimensional maximum entropy threshold segmentation algorithm. The algorithm is tested in the DRIVE database with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 0.803, 0.959, 0.981, respectively. Comparing with the traditional algorithm, the algorithm has high sensitivity, fast running speed and rich details of segmentation results.
Algorithms ; Entropy ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging*

The purpose of this study was to fabricate decelluarized valve scaffold modified with polyethylene glycol nanoparticles loaded with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1),by which to improve the extracellular matrix microenvironment for heart valve tissue engineering in vitro.Polyethylene glycol nanoparticles were obtained by an emulsion-crosslinking method,and their morphology was observed under a scanning electron microscope.Decelluarized valve scaffolds,prepared by using trypsinase and TritonX-100,were modified with nanoparticles by carbodiimide,and then TGF-β1 was loaded into them by adsorption.The TGF-β1 delivery of the fabricated scaffold was measured by asing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Whether unseeded or reseeded with myofibroblast from rats,the morphologic,biochemical and biomechanical characteristics of hybrid scaffolds were tested and compared with decelluarized scaffolds under the same conditions.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed a typical delivery of nanoparticles.The morphologic observations and biological data analysis indicated that fabricated scaffolds possessed advantageous biocompatibility and biomechanical property beyond decelluarized scaffolds.Altogether this study proved that it was feasible to fabricate the hybrid scaffold and effective to improve extracellular matrix microenvironment,which is beneficial for an application in heart valve tissue engineering.