Objective To determine the prevalence and influencing factors of urinary calculi,to explore the interIrelationships between urinary stone disease and various risk and protective factors,to determine the potential implications for intervention and prevention in Changsha,and to evaluate the relative importance of each risk factor,with the objective of providing scientific guidelines for urinary calculi prevention and diagnosis. Methods A case-control study was designed,and 66,772 people were surveyed.Ultrasound examination,blood biochemistry,general physical examination,gender and age were asked in a questionnaire to determine a diagnosis of urolithiasis.By means of SPSS software a x2 tendency test and non-condition Logistic regression were conducted. Results A multivariate Logistic regression analyses was conducted.The final factors entered into the model were sex,age,profession,dietary habits,drinking habits,smoking and level of uric acid. Conclusions Hazard factors associated with urolithiasis are male gender,age,profession,dietary and drinking habits,smoking and level of uric acid.

Objective To evaluate surgical results an d choice of various procedures for hypospadias repair in boys.323 cases of hypospa dias were treated from 1995-2002,and of these,205 boys whose average age was 5.1 years had underwent different surgical procedure for hypospadias. M ethods 205 boys with hypospadias were retrospectively analysed.MAGPA (5 cases),Mathieu(7),Onlay island flap(9) were given to boys of hypospadias wit hout chordee.Duckett procedure (127),Modified Denis-Browne (16),Bladder mucosa graft technique (16),Duckett plus Duplay techniques(25) were adopted for hypospa dias with chordee. Results There were 19 cases with uret hra fistula and 1 case with external orifice stricture of urethra.The success ra te for all cases was 90.2%,and morbidity of all complications was 9.8%.The compl ication for Duckett techniques was 7.8%(10/127),Modified Denis-Browne 12.5%(2/1 6),Mathieu 28.6%(2/7),Duplay plus Duckett 16.0%(4/25),Bladder mucosa graft techn ique 6.3%(1/16) and Onlay 11.2%(1/9). Conclusions It is suggested that a complete mastery of applications for different surgical approac h and a proper selection of various surgical methods according to individual pat ient’s condition can reduce complication of operation.

Objective To explore the possible etiological factors in chronic abacterial prostatitis. Methods 16SrRNA gene of gram-negative bacteria was assayed in 10 urethral swab and 24 EPS samples from the patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis.Also,samples from 10 normal male adults (controls) EPS were assayed by the same technique. Results Among the 24 chronic abacterial prostatitis EPS samples,16SrDNA was positive in 13.But the result was negative in all the urethral swab samples.Only one of the 10 normal EPS was positive for 16SrRNA gene( P

Objective To evaluate the treatment of traumatic posterior urethral atresia in boys via a modified transperineal approach. Methods The transperineal approach was adepted in 11 cases with transecting the central perineal teadon, excising the ligaments of arcuate pubis and the traumatic scar, so that end-to-end anastomosis of urethra could be achieved with good exposure. Results 10 cases were cured after the first operation, where as one patient needed the procedure for 3 times. Conclusions The modified transperineal approach provide a good exposure for the anastomosis of urethra in boys.

Objective To work out the uroflow parameters of normal children in Changsha area.Methods Overall,1048 tests of uroflow rate were performed on 1024 healthy children.The results of these tests were classified into several groups by sex,age,body surface area and urine volume voided.These data were statistically analyzed with SPSS10.0 software.For each group,the nomograms of uroflow parameters(including urine volume, body surface area,mean uroflow rate,and maximum uroflow rate) were drawn for clarifying the relationship among them.Results The maximum uroflow rate(Qmax) of the boys younger than 7 years increased with age;the Qmax increased 1.7ml/s with age increasing 1 year.The boys older than 7 years had the Qmax similar to that of adults.The Qmax of the girls younger than 9 years increased with age,the Qmax increased 1.2ml/s with age increasing 1 year.The girls older than 9 years had the Qmax similar to that of adults.In children,the Qmax,mean uroflow rate and urine volume increased with the increase in body surface area.Similarly,the Qmax and mean uroflow rate increased with the increase in urine volume voided.Conclusions The Qmax of boys younger than 7 years and girls younger than 9 years is obviously related with age.

Objective:To construct a p53-fused dual luciferase reporter and to test whether this reporter can mimic wild-type p53 activities in a high-throughput screen.Methods:A restriction endonuclease site was added to each terminus and the stop codon of the wild-type full-length p53 open reading frame (ORF) was removed by PCR. A restriction endonuclease site was added to each terminus and the start codon of the ifrelfy luciferase ORF was removed by PCR. The two modified ORFs were inserted upstream of the IRES-induced renilla luciferase ORF in a CMV-derived vector. hTe p53 fusion protein was expressed in cells to test its MDM2-mediated degradation, subcellular localization, and induction of p53-responsive promoter.
Results:hTe p53-fused dual luciferase reporter was successfully constructed. Atfer transfection into the host cells, the reporter expressing the p53 fusion protein that was degraded by oncoprotein MDM2, was mainly located inside the nucleus, and induced the p53-responsive promoter, respectively.
Conclusion:hTe p53-fused dual luciferase reporter (p53FL/IRES/RL) can identify modulators of P53 protein level in a high-throughput screen of genetic or chemical libraries.

Objective To construct a prokaryotic plasmid to express the testis development related gene 1 (TDRG1) recombinant protein and obtain anti-TDRG1 mAb by immunizing mice, and to identify the biological properties of the mAb. Methods The coding sequence of TDRG1 was amplified by RT-PCR from normal human testis tissue and cloned into the vector pET21, and then was expressed in the E. coli BL 21(DE3) to get TDRG1 recombinant protein. The purified TDRG1 recombinant protein was injected to immunize the BALB/C mice to develop anti-TDRG1 mAb. Splenocytes of the immunized mice were collected and fused with the mouse myeloma cell line Sp2/0 cells. The hybridoma cells that secreted anti-TDRG1 mAb were subcloned with limited dilution. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate titers and subtypes of mAb. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect specificity of mAb.Results The prokaryotic plasmid expressing the recombinant protein was constructed, and the TDRG1 recombinant protein was expressed and purified. Two hybridoma cell lines that secreted anti-TDRG1 mAb were obtained. The titer of the mAb in ascites was 1∶1.6×10~6, and the subtype of the mAb was IgG_1. Westem blot and immunohistochemistry analysis indicated the mAb showed specific combination with TDRG1 protein in human testes.Conclusion The TDRG1 recombinant protein is highly purified and has strong antigenicity. The anti-TDRG1 mAb is produced successfully.

Aim To evaluate the endothelial dysfunction level of different arteries at different stages of SHR,and the recovery after administration.Methods SHR model was used,captopril(3.375 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) was administered from week 7 to week 24 and the effects were observed continuously until 8 weeks post treatment.Pathological changes of aorta,mesenteric and apex cordis arteries were examined at the time points of 6,18,24,32 wk,and the endothelial-dependent relaxation of the former two preparations were tested by acetylcholine(ACh)(n=6).Results There were pathological changes in the thoracic aorta,mesenteric artery and arteriole at 18 wk,and aggravated along the age.The thoracic aorta demonstrated the most severe pathological changes appearing endothelial cells ablated and tunica media thickening.The significant decline of endothelium-dependent relaxation in aorta,and mesenteric arteries of SHR reflected an aging dependent change of vascular function with the most severe situation in the aorta(P=0.10,18 wk,P<0.01 24,32 wk);captopril increased the aorta vasodilatation of SHR at 18 wk time point,without the effect in mesenteric artery(P<0.05 vs SHR).Conclusions During the progress of SHR,endothelial damages have been observed in all three kinds of vasculatures together with the reduced endothelial-dependent relaxation.The aorta presents earlier and deeper damage than middle and small size vessels,and is sensitive towards the antihypertensive therapy such as the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of prone and modified recumbent positions on minimal invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy. METHODS: A total of 62 patients with upper urinary calculi were grouped into two groups, one of which consisted of 27 patients who underwent the minimal invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy with modified recumbent position, and the other 35 patients with prone position. There was no significant statistical difference in the age, gender and complications between the two groups before surgery (P>0.05). Duration of and blood loss during surgery, complications in the perioperative period, and the length of postoperative hospital stay were all recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0. RESULTS: Surgery was successful in all cases. There was no failure to puncture nor need to resort to open surgery. Average operation duration for the modified recumbent position group was (85.1± 25.3) min vs (97.2±30.6) min for the prone position group. Mean blood loss during the operation was (117.5± 49.7) mL vs (149.3±53.1) mL. There were no severe complications during and after surgery in the modified recumbent position group. In the prone position group, s one patient suffered pneumothorax during the operation and two suffered selective renal artery embolization because of massive hemorrhaging following the operation. There were significant differences in blood loss during surgery, in complications during the perioperative period, and in length of postoperative stay in hospital (P<0.05) between the two groups. CONCLUSION The patients are safer and more easily tolerate the minimal invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the modified recumbent position than in the prone position, though the treatment efficacy of these two kinds of operation is similar. It is recommended that the modified recumbent position should be used generally in the percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; methods ; Posture ; Prone Position ; Supine Position ; Ureteral Calculi ; surgery