OBJECTIVE:To study the resource distribution and characteristics of Fritillaria in order to ensure clinical medication safety.METHODS:Main stream commodities of Fritillaria were analyzed in respect of its germplasm origin,distribution and characteristics.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Different category of Fritillaria was characterized by vertical distribution,and there were differences in characteristics among the different category of Fritillaria.Therefore,ecological adaptability should be considered in planting Fritillaria.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of combined detection of serum pepsinogen (PG) and anti-Hp IgG antibody in early screening for gastric ulcer .Methods 65 patients confirmed as gastric ulcer for the first time were selected as ulcer group ,while 65 healthy people in the same period as the control group .Transmission detection using latex enhanced immune nephe-lometry was adopted to detect their serum PG Ⅰ ,PG Ⅱ and the PG Ⅰ /PG Ⅱ ratio (PGR) was calculated .Enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect serum anti-Hp IgG antibody .Results The average concentration of serum PG Ⅰand PG Ⅱof patients in the ulcer group were (167 .14 ± 22 .43) ,(26 .68 ± 11 .24) ng/mL ,respectively ,and PGR was 8 .07 ± 1 .19 .The average concentration of serum PG Ⅰand PG Ⅱof subjects in the control group were (52 .15 ± 20 .17) ,(11 .26 ± 7 .68) ng/mL ,re-spectively ,and PGR was 3 .48 ± 1 .92 .The differences of PGⅠ ,PGⅡand PGR between the two group showed statistical significance (P<0 .05) .The positive rate of serum anti-Hp IgG antibody of patients in the ulcer group was 80 .5% ,which was obviously higher than that in the control group(26 .3% )(P<0 .05) .The serum PGⅠ ,PGⅡand PGR of subjects in Hp infection positive group were markedly higher than those in the negative group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Combined detection of serum PG and anti-Hp IgG anti-body may be used as an screening indicators for early gastric ulcer .

Objective To study expiration time and the origin of bacteria for the sterile packages of strategic reserve between inland region and littoral under natural environment.Methods We prepared operation dressing package,apparatus package as well as dressing and apparatus mixed package with double- cotton and to be deposited in storage boxes of combat readiness warehouse under natural environment after pulsing vacuum steam sterilization.Three packages of every kind were put in a storage boxes and samples were taken from the packages and underwent bacterial culture at different time-points.Meanwhile,the bacteria strains in combat readiness warehouse' air and in the storage boxes were cultured and performed with homology analysis.Results Expiration time of sterile packages of strategic reserve was 40d in inland region whereas 24d in littoral.The major bacteria were G+ bacilli and G+ staphylococus in sterile packages of strategic reserve,combat readiness warehouse' air and storage boxes in two regions.In inland region,the 16～23SrRNA ITS sequences of bacteria strains in sterile packages shared about 97％～100％ homology with which between the air bacteria strains in combat readiness warehouse and the storage boxes whereas it was about 98％～99％ homology in littoral.Conclusions The storage environment is the most influential factor on expiration time of sterile packages of strategic reserve.The bacteria in sterile packages of strategic reserve came from the air of combat readiness warehouse.To ensure the expiration time of sterile package of strategic reserve,corresponding management methods are important guarantee which can provide new methods about management on strategic reserve.

Objective To investigate the origin of bacteria in sterile packages for war readiness under natural environment in inland region.Methods Genomic DNAs from the Bacillus cereus,Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus cohnii ureal in sterile packages for war readiness and from air bacteria strains in war readiness warehouse were extracted,and then used as templates to amplify the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA ITS(internal transcribed spacer) sequences by PCR.The PCR products were extracted and sequenced,and the sequences homology analysis was performed with BLAST.Results Amplification products of DNA PCR from Bacillus cereus,Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus cohnii ureal were about 800,1 200 and 1 000 bp respectively;The 16S rRNA-23S rRNA ITS sequences of bacterial strains in sterile packages shared 98% to 99% homology with those from the air bacteria strains in war readiness warehouse.Conclusion The bacteria in sterile packages for war readiness come from the air in war readiness warehouse under natural environment in inland region.

Objective To evaluate the effects of selected decontamination of the digestive tract(SDD) on intestinal derived endotoxmia,inflammation mediator and clinical outcome in patients of rheumatic heart disease undergoing valve replacement operation with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Thirty patients with CPB were randomly divided into control group(n=15) and treatment group(SDD group,n=15).The patients in control group routinely took preoperative preparation while those in treatment group orally administrated Tobramycin 100 mg,garlicin 40 mg and Lactulose 10ml three times per day in addition to routinely preoperative bowel preparation.The levels of endotoxin,D-lactate,TNF-? and complement 3 were measured at four time points of anesthetic induction,CPB end,2 h and 24 h after CPB.Results The level of D-lactate in the patients of SDD group was significantly lower than that of the control group at time points of anesthetic induction and 2 h after CPB(P0.05).Conclusion The endotoxemia can be induced by CPB.The regime of SDD is an effective way of preventing endotoxemia,but it may not have effect on inflammation medium and clinical outcome.

Objective To explore the application of question-based lectures made by students in teaching chapter of nuclear chemical and biological weapon damage among field military nursing.Methods The participants were junior students of four-year undergraduate program.Questions on emergency treatment and care of chemical and biological weapon damage were proposed after a lecture by teacher.Students were divided into three groups after class and each group was assigned to a lecture on emergency treatment and care of one kind of weapon damage.Students had to collect information and prepare PPT for the next lecture.After lectures given by students at next class,discussion on the lectures was organized and comments were given by teachers.Results All students approved this kind of teaching activities,97.44％ believed that it can arouse their interest in study,94.87％ participated in the collection of data,89.74％ took part in the discussion,and 87.18％ obtained the sense of achievements.Conclusion Question-based lectures made by students are helpful in stimulating their interest in learning,cultivating their abilities of acquiring and applying knowledge.The teaching activities achieve the preferable results through proper application and meticulous organization.

OBJECTIVE:To study the difference between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fluoroquinolones(FQNLs)in?ducing resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(Kpn)in vitro.METHODS:Hydrophilic ciprofloxacin(CIP)and hydrophobic sparfloxacin(SPFX)were used to induce FQNLs resistant mutants from a clinical susceptible isolate Kpn909with stepwise selection method,respectively,The susceptivity of bacteria to was determined by the standard method of two fold agar dilu?tion.RESULTS:The resistance of Kpn909to FQNLs was raised up gradually as FQNLs'concentration increased;Minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of Kpn9098Selected by CIP at2?MIC(0.5mg/L)were16～32times higher than that of Kpn909,and showed resistant to ofloxacin(OFX),lomefloxacin(LMFX)and enofloxacin(ENX)with a MIC of8mg/L,16mg/L and8mg/L.Otherwise,SPFX-selected Kpn with a similar resistant level occurred at the concentration of8?MIC(1mg/L).The maximal selecting concentration of CIP and SPFX were128mg/L and64mg/L,and MIC of5FQNLs to the resistant mutants obtained at which were≥256mg/L and32～128mg/L,respectively.CONCLUSION:Both hydrophilic CIP and hydrophobic SPFX could induce Kpn the cross resistance to others FQNLs,but hydrophobic FQNLs may be superior to hydrophilic FQNLs to delay the resistance occurrence in Kpn.

Objective: To study the protective effect of glutamine on intestine in mice damaged by radiation. Methods: Mice were exposed to 137 Cs rays (dose of 4Gy) with the whole body. The protetive effects of glutamine on intestine radiational damages were studied. Result: After radiation, GSH contents, SOD activities, protein and DNA contents were decreased and MDA contents were increased in intestinal mucosa. Villus height was shortened, crypt depth was deepened, wall width and villus surface area were decreased. Glutamine supplement restrained the changes of indices above mentioned and made them close to normal levels. Conclusion: Glutamine supplement had the protective effect on radiation damage in mice.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the storage time and the origin of bacteria for disinfection package for combat readiness under natural environment in inland and plateau situation.METHODS We prepared double-cotton operation dressing packet,apparatus package,as well as dressing and apparatus mixed packet each with 72 pieces,respectively.Packages were deposited within closed and opened storage boxes under natural environment in depository for combat readiness,respectively after vacuum steam sterilization.Three different kinds of packages each with 3 items were put inside each box.After sterilization,total of 9 items with each 3 from one type of package were taken randomly from each group every time for bacterial culture by different time.At the same time,samples of the air and depot boxes in warehouse for combat readiness were collected and cultured as well as analyzed for bacterial homology.RESULTS In Chongqing,all packages were negative for bacteria on the 40th day after sterilization,while 2 packages were positive for bacteria on the 49th day.In Lhasa,4 packages were positive in opened group on the 106th day after sterilization.On the 122nd day,6 packages were positive in opened group and 1 item was positive in closed group.The dominant bacteria are bacilli and staphylococci both in the air and depot boxes of the warehouse for combat readiness.CONCLUSIONS The storage time for disinfection package under natural environment in different areas correlates closely with the local environmental and climatic situations.The bacteria of the package were confirmed to be from the air.The effective storage time for disinfection package would be prolonged by standardization of the disinfection procedure,and control multiple environmental factors affecting microorganisms.

Objective To compare treatment outcomes and antibiotic related costs of A. baumannii infection treated with imipenem cilastatin and ampicillin sulbactam and to provide evidence for clinical treatment of A. baumannii infection. Methods A prospective investigation was performed on 71 ICU A. baumannii infection patients treated with imipenem cilastatin and ampicillin sulbactam. The treatment outcomes and antibiotic related costs were also analyzed. Results There was no significant difference between the therapeutic efficacy of these two drugs within the same time limit. The antibiotic related costs of the patients treated with ampicillin sulbactam were significantly lower than those with imipenem cilastatin (2 113 Yuan vs 5 789 Yuan , P