Objective:To study the in vitro and in vivo transdermal penetration of testosterone undecanoate ( TU) binary ethosomes gel. Methods:TU binary ethosomes were prepared by an ethanol injection method, and using carbopol 941 as the gel base, TU binary ethosomes gel was prepared. Using mouse skin as the barrier, Franz cells were applied to explore the in vitro transdermal penetration of TU binary ethosomes and the gel. Rats were used as the animals, and TU binary ethosomes and the gel was respectively administrated on the back skin. At the predetermined time points, plasma samples were withdrawn to detect the concentration of TU, and the main pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated. Results: The in vitro transdermal penetration of TU binary ethosomes and the gel was both fitted first-order equation:Q=8. 68t+6. 78(r=0. 998 2) and Q=6. 09t+3. 09(r=0. 999 3), and the stable penetration rate was 8. 68 μg·cm-2 ·h-1 and 6. 09μg·cm-2 ·h-1 , respectively. After the 24-hour penetration, the residual amount in skin of TU binary ethosomes and the gel was (208. 80 ± 55. 26)μg·g-1 and (225. 60 ± 38. 90)μg·g-1 , respectively. The main pharmacokinet-ics parameters of TU binary ethosomes and the gel were Cmax of(18.50 ±2.75)mg·L-1 and(20.80 ±2.42)mg·L-1, tmax of(6.20 ± 0. 14)h and(9. 54 ± 0. 52)h, and AUC0-48h of(336. 74 ± 2. 05)h and(486. 30 ± 1. 68)h. Conclusion:TU binary ethosomes and the gel both exhibit promising in vitro transdermal penetration, and the gel shows better sustained release property.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and CT in the diagnosis of adrenal tumors,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis of tumors in the future.Methods 86 cases of adrenal tumor in our hospital from July 2013 to February 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.All the patients were examined by ultrasonography and CT.The characteristics of different types of adrenal tumors were observed and analyzed,and the diagnostic accuracy was compared between the two methods.Results The coincidence rate of CT diagnosis (93.02%)was higher than that of ultrasonic imaging(84.88%),but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =2.899 2,P >0.05).Conclusion The coincidence rate of ultrasound imaging and CT are higher in adrenal tumors,and has significant value in clinical application,should be based on the imaging of a gradient,into the imaging system,the formation of a simple,practical and economical examination method to achieve the best diagnosis effect.

Objective To explore the enhancement effect of N-trimethyl chitosan(TMC) on transdermal absorption of 8-methoxypsoralen-loaded liposomal(LMOP) gels in vitro.Methods TMC with quaternization degree of 60％ (TMC60) as the enhancer,the LMOP gels were prepared with free TMC60 or TMC60-coating.The enhancement of free TMC60 or TMC60-coating was studied by using Franz diffusion,cells with LMOP gels as the negative control and LMOP gels including 1％ Azone + propylene glycol as the positive control.Results Compared with the negative control,enhancement and drug amount in skin of LMOP gels with enhancer all showed significant difference (x2 =8.65,P ＜ 0.05),and the free TMC.60 was the best.Conclusion TMC can enhance the transdermal penetration of LMOP gels in vitro and is valuable to be studied further.

Objective:To study the relative bioavailability of sirolimus ( SRL) dropping pills in rats. Methods:PEG6000 as the base, SRL dropping pills were prepared using solvent-melting method. The SRL marketed tablets as the reference preparation and rats as the animals, the relative bioavailability of SRL dropping pills was studied to obtain the pharmaceutical parameters and bioequiavail-ability. Results:Compared with that of the reference preparation, tmax of SRL dropping pills was the same (1 h). There was no signifi-cant difference in Cmax between the dropping pills and the tablets (P>0. 05). AUC0-24 of the dropping pills was notably higher than that of the marketed tablets (P<0. 05) with the bioequiavailability of 121. 98%. Conclusion:SRL dropping pills with promising bioavail-ability are valuable to be studied further.

Objective:To study the pharmacokinetic parameters of gastrodin nasal in situ gel ( ISG) with the base of TMC-P407-P188-carbomer, and evaluate its brain-targeting ability preliminarily. Methods:Rats were used as the model animals. The experiment group was treated with gastrodin nasal in situ gel, and the control group was treated with gastrodin solution with intravenous administra-tion. The plasma sample and brain tissue ( cerebrum and cerebellum) were taken out at the predetermined time points, and the concen-tration of gastrodin in plasma and gastrodigenin in brain tissues were determined by HPLC to draw the curve of concentration vs time. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as MRT and AUC were calculated by 3P97 software. The bioavailability F (%) and the brain-targeting index BTI were compared between the groups. Results:The concentration of gastrodigenin in the brain tissues of grastrodin in situ gel was higher than that of gastrodin solution with intravenous administration (P<0. 05). AUC of cerebrum and cerebellum both increased significantly with BTI of 2. 38 and 1. 93, respectively. MRT increased by nearly two-fold in the gel group when compared with that in the control group, and F(%) increased significantly in cerebrum and cerebellum as well. Conclusion:Gastrodin nasal in situ gel with the base of TMC-P407-P188-carbomer has promising effectiveness. Meanwhile, it can improve the brain-targeting ability of gastrodin with sustained release.

Objective:To screen the best base for gastrodin nasal in situ gel ( ISG) to lay foundation for the development of gastrodin new preparation .Methods:Two bases were chosen , one was the combination of N-trimethyl chitosan ( TMC) , polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000) and glycerophosphate (GP), and another was the combination of TMC, poloxamer 407 (P407), poloxamer 188 (P188) and carbomer.With the nasal cavity temperature of 35℃as the test temperature, the gelling time of the two bases was determined to screen the optimal ratio.Furthermore, gastrodin was added into the two bases , and the gelling time was determined to choose the suitable base for the drug.Results:The base of TMC-PEG4000-GP couldn’t gel in the nasal cavity temperature when combined with gastrodin , while the base of TMC-P407-P188-carbomer could gel quickly when combined with gastrodin .Conclusion:TMC-P407-P188-carbomer can be used as the base for gastrodin nasal in situ gel .

Objective:To study the effect of membrane-coating on dissolution and stability of sirolimus ( SRL) dropping pills to prove the effect and rationality of the coating process. Methods:Opadry was used as the coating material for SRL dropping pills. Com-pared with those of uncoated SRL dropping pills, the dissolution and stability of membrane-coating SRL dropping pills were studied in vitro. Results:Compared with that of uncoated SRL dropping pills, the drug release amount of membrane-coating SRL dropping pills was lower (P<0. 05), however, the stable release rate showed no significant difference (P>0. 05). After the membrane-coating, the stability of SRL dropping pills was notable enhanced under high humidity (75% ± 5%) and strong light (4500lx ± 500lx) conditions, however, the stability showed no improved under high temperature(40℃ ± 2℃) condition. Conclusion: The membrane-coating can enhance the stability of SRL dropping pills without significant effect on drug release in vitro.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare lidocaine liposome gel and to establish its quality control method.METHODS:Li-docaine liposome was prepared using a film dispersion method and the liposome gels were prepared with carbomer-940as base.The concentration of lidocaine was determined by HPLC and the lipsome entrapment efficiency was determined by centrifuga-tion.RESULTS:The linear detection concentration range of lidocaine was2.5～25.0mg/ml(r=0.9996)with average re-covery at(99.83?0.53)%and entrapment efficiency at(82.7?1.83)%.CONCLUSION:This liposome gel is feasible in preparation techniques,stable in quality,convenient and reliable in quality control method.

Objective:To identify the tannin-related constituents in the extracts of pomegranate peel by HPLC-ESI-MS. Methods:The separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase of water and acetonitrile. The flow rate was maintained at 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the detection wavelength was set at 256nm. The samples were analyzed in negative modes. Results:Five tannin-related constituents including gallic acid, punicalin,punicalagin,corilagin and ellagic acid were identified from the extracts of pomegranate peel. Conclusion:The new method is accurate and rapid. It can be used to identify the tannin-related constituents in pomegranate peel and provide new ideas for the research of active components in traditional Chinese medicine as well.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of tannins from pomegranate rind on passive Heymann nephritis ( PHN) in rats. Methods:Rabbits were with intradermal immunization for many times to obtain anti-Fx1A serum, and then PHN model in rats was established by tail intravenous injection of anti-Fx1A serum. The experimental rats were randomly divided into six groups, the nor-mal control group, model group, benazepril group, and tannins from pomegranate rind group respectively at high, medium and low dose. After the success of modeling, each rat was received intragastric administration for five weeks, and then the total of urine was collected once a week for the detection of 24-hour urine protein. At the end of treatment, serum was collected for the detection of serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total cholesterol and triglyceride. The pathological changes of the renal tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining to observe the effect of tannins from pomegranate rind on PHN rats. Results:After the in-tragastric administration for five weeks, tannins from pomegranate rind could obviously reduce the level of 24-hour urine protein in PHN rats(P<0. 01), significantly reduce the levels of serum creatinine (P<0. 01), urea nitrogen (P<0. 01,P<0. 01,P<0. 05), total cholesterol (P<0. 01) and triglyceride (P<0. 01,P<0. 01,P<0. 05) in PHN rats, and increase the level of serum albumin (P<0. 01,P<0. 05,P>0. 05). HE and Masson staining results indicated that tannins from pomegranate rind could improve the pathologi-cal damage in PHN rats. Conclusion:Tannins from pomegranate rind has notable improvement for PHN in rats.