ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and mechanisms of Sini San in the treatment of depression and liver injury based on gut microbiota. MethodsThirty-two male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a normal group， model group （M）， Sini San group （MS， 2.5 g·kg^-1）， and fluoxetine group （MF， 2 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the normal group， rats in the other three groups were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. After 8 weeks， the open-field test and sucrose preference test were conducted. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum corticosterone （CORT）， adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）， corticotropin-releasing factor （CRF）， lipopolysaccharide （LPS）， Zonulin， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） levels in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels were measured using the ultraviolet lactate dehydrogenase method. The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium was observed by electron microscopy， and gut microbiota in rat feces were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the sucrose preference of rats in the model group was significantly reduced （P0.01）， whereas it was significantly increased in the Sini San group compared with the model group （P0.05）. Compared with the normal group， hippocampal GABA protein levels and BDNF mRNA expression in the model group were significantly decreased （P0.05）， and compared with the model group， both were significantly increased in the Sini San group （P0.05， P0.01）. Compared with the normal group， serum LPS and Zonulin levels in the model group were significantly increased （P0.05， P0.01）， and compared with the model group， Zonulin levels in the Sini San group were significantly decreased （P0.05）. No obvious changes were observed in the ultrastructure of the jejunal mucosa among groups. Compared with the normal group， widened and blurred tight junctions， sparse and shortened microvilli， and mitochondrial swelling with cristae disruption in epithelial cells were observed in the ileal and colonic mucosa of the model group， which were markedly improved in the Sini San and fluoxetine groups. The results of 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that Sini San improved CUMS-induced dysbiosis of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly correlated with depression-related indicators， liver function， and intestinal mucosal permeability. ConclusionSini San exerts antidepressant and hepatoprotective effects by improving Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and inhibiting the increase in intestinal mucosal permeability in CUMS rats.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and mechanisms of Sini San in the treatment of depression and liver injury based on gut microbiota. MethodsThirty-two male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a normal group， model group （M）， Sini San group （MS， 2.5 g·kg^-1）， and fluoxetine group （MF， 2 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the normal group， rats in the other three groups were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. After 8 weeks， the open-field test and sucrose preference test were conducted. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum corticosterone （CORT）， adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）， corticotropin-releasing factor （CRF）， lipopolysaccharide （LPS）， Zonulin， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） levels in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels were measured using the ultraviolet lactate dehydrogenase method. The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium was observed by electron microscopy， and gut microbiota in rat feces were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the sucrose preference of rats in the model group was significantly reduced （P<0.01）， whereas it was significantly increased in the Sini San group compared with the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal group， hippocampal GABA protein levels and BDNF mRNA expression in the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， both were significantly increased in the Sini San group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， serum LPS and Zonulin levels in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and compared with the model group， Zonulin levels in the Sini San group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. No obvious changes were observed in the ultrastructure of the jejunal mucosa among groups. Compared with the normal group， widened and blurred tight junctions， sparse and shortened microvilli， and mitochondrial swelling with cristae disruption in epithelial cells were observed in the ileal and colonic mucosa of the model group， which were markedly improved in the Sini San and fluoxetine groups. The results of 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that Sini San improved CUMS-induced dysbiosis of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly correlated with depression-related indicators， liver function， and intestinal mucosal permeability. ConclusionSini San exerts antidepressant and hepatoprotective effects by improving Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and inhibiting the increase in intestinal mucosal permeability in CUMS rats.

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury following skin flap transplantation is a critical factor leading to flap necrosis and transplant failure. Antagonizing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are regarded as crucial targets for mitigating reperfusion injury and enhancing flap survival. In this study, caffeic acid-vanadium metal polyphenol nanoparticles (CA-V NPs) were prepared for the treatment of skin flap ischemia and reperfusion. This study was conducted using a one-step method to prepare new types of CA-V NPs with uniform sizes and stable structures. In vitro, the CA-V NPs exhibited CAT-like and SOD-like activities and could effectively scavenge ROS, generate oxygen, and alleviate oxidative stress. In the H₂O₂-induced cellular oxidative stress model, CA-V NPs effectively reduced ROS levels and inhibited apoptosis through the XIAP/Caspase-3 pathway. In the cellular inflammation model induced by LPS combined with IFN-γ, CA-V NPs reprogrammed macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and reduced inflammatory responses by reducing the expression of the chemokines CCL4 and CXCL2. In addition, animal experiments have shown that CA-V NPs can alleviate oxidative stress in skin flap tissues, inhibit apoptosis, promote angiogenesis, and ultimately improve the survival rate of skin flaps. CA-V NPs provide a new target and strategy for the treatment of flap I/R injury.

Objective: To investigate the effect of sirtuin 2(SIRT2) on the proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts(CFs)in C57BL/6 mice under angiotensin II(Ang Ⅱ) stimulation. Methods : The hearts were taken from 1 to 2 days C57BL/6 milk mice. After cutting and digesting, CFs were extracted by different adhesion centrifugation. After CFs attachment, the cells were cultured under control medium and Ang Ⅱ(100 nmol/L) medium and treated using OE-SIRT2 plasmid to overexpression the SIRT2 gene. RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA expression of SIRT2 proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), periostin(POSTN)and type Ⅰ collagen procollagen A1(Col1A1), Western blot assay was used to measure the protein expression levels of SIRT2, PCNA, POSTN and Col1A1, CCK-8 assay and EdU assay were used to evaluate CFs proliferation rate, Transwell experiment was used to assess CFs migration activity. Results: Compared with control group, Ang Ⅱ stimulation led to down-regulation of SIRT2 expression in CFs, increased collagen expression, and promoted CFs proliferation and migration. The expression of SIRT2 was up regulated in CFs treated with OE-SIRT2 plasmid under Ang Ⅱ stimulation, Col1A1, POSTN and PCNA expression was down regulated, and CFs proliferation and migration ability decreased. Conclusion Overexpression of SIRT2 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of CFs under Ang Ⅱ stimulation, indicating that SIRT2 may be a key regulatory point in the onset and progression of cardiac fibrosis.

Objective:Cardiac arrest (CA) represents a significant public health challenge, posing a substantial threat to individual health and survival. To enhance the survival rates of patients experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), Baoan District in Shenzhen City has undertaken exploratory initiatives and practical interventions, yielding promising preliminary outcomes.Methods:1.Innovate emergency medical services by developing a "four-circle integration" system that connects to the hospital. This system encompasses the social emergency medical system, the out-of-hospital emergency medical system, the in-hospital emergency medical service system, and the intensive care treatment system. 2.Develop a comprehensive model for the construction of a social emergency medical training system, characterized by party leadership, government oversight, departmental coordination, professional guidance, technological support, and community involvement, termed the "Baonan Model." Additionally, establish evaluation criteria to assess the effectiveness of the social emergency medical training system in Baonan District; 3. Develop a cardiac arrest registration system and a social emergency medical training management system for Baonan District; 4. Enhance the proficiency in treatment techniques and the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among emergency medical professionals; 5. Strengthen and advance the development of a "five-minute social rescue network" to address the critical "emergency window period." .Result:In Baonan District, 9.18% of the public is trained in emergency medical skills. The bystander CPR rate for OHCA is 26.11%, AED use is at 4.78%, the 30-day survival rate is 6.31%, and the discharge survival rate is 4.44%.Conclusion:The implementation of the aforementioned measures can substantially enhance the survival rate of patients experiencing OHCA at the time of discharge.

ObjectiveTo screen the differential markers by analyzing volatile components in Dalbergia odorifera and its counterfeits， in order to provide reference for authentication of D. odorifera. MethodThe volatile components in D. odorifera and its counterfeits were detected by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS）， and the GC conditions were heated by procedure（the initial temperature of the column was 50 ℃， the retention time was 1 min， and then the temperature was raised to 300 ℃ at 10 ℃ for 10 min）， the carrier gas was helium， and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min^-1， the split ratio was 10∶1， and the injection volume was 1 mL. The MS conditions used electron bombardment ionization（EI） with the scanning range of m/z 35-550. The compound species were identified by database matching， the relative content of each component was calculated by the peak area normalization method， and principal component analysis（PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster analysis were performed on the detection results by SIMCA 14.1 software， and the differential components of D. odorifera and its counterfeits were screened out according to the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>2 and P<0.05. ResultA total of 26， 17， 8， 22， 24 and 7 volatile components were identified from D. odorifera， D. bariensis， D. latifolia， D. benthamii， D. pinnata and D. cochinchinensis， respectively. Among them， there were 11 unique volatile components of D. odorifera， 6 unique volatile components of D. bariensis， 3 unique volatile components of D. latifolia， 6 unique volatile components of D. benthamii， 8 unique volatile components of D. pinnata， 4 unique volatile components of D. cochinchinensis. The PCA results showed that， except for D. latifolia and D. cochinchinensis， which could not be clearly distinguished， D. odorifera and other counterfeits could be distributed in a certain area， respectively. The OPLS-DA results showed that D. odorifera and its five counterfeits were clustered into one group each， indicating significant differences in volatile components between D. odorifera and its counterfeits. Finally， a total of 31 differential markers of volatile components between D. odoriferae and its counterfeits were screened. ConclusionHS-GC-MS combined with SIMCA 14.1 software can systematically elucidate the volatile differential components between D. odorifera and its counterfeits， which is suitable for rapid identification of them.

Objective:To translate the Children's trust in general nurses scale (CTGNS) into Chinese, and conduct item response theory (IRT) analysis and reliability and validity evaluation.Methods:Following Brislin's translation model, the CTGNS was translated, back-translated, and cross-culturally adapted to form the Chinese version of the CTGNS.A total of 502 pediatric inpatients from a pediatric hospital in Nanjing city were surveyed from July to August 2022.The Samejima graded response model in IRT was used to calculate the difficulty and discrimination parameters of each item, while item characteristic curves were plotted.The reliability and validity of the Chinese version CTGNS were evaluated.SPSS 26.0, Mplus 8.0 and MULTILOG 7.03 softwares were used for data analysis.Results:The item discrimination of the Chinese version CTGNS ranged from 0.088 to 2.730.The difficulty parameters ranged from -4.667 to 26.094 and increased with increasing difficulty levels without any reverse thresholds.The item characteristic curves exhibited sound shapes for all items except for item 9.Based on the selection criteria of the corresponding parameters, 8 items were retained.The revised Chinese version CTGNS (8 items) consisted of 3 dimensions.The content validity index (CVI) of each item ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the total scale CVI was 0.960.The Cronbach's α coefficient for the overall scale was 0.822, and the Cronbach's α coefficients for each dimension ranged from 0.752 to 0.852.The test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.87.Exploratory factor analysis yielded 3 common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 73.468%.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit( χ2/ df=2.674, RMSEA=0.082, SRMR=0.046, CFI=0.964). Conclusion:The revised Chinese version CTGNS demonstrates sound reliability and validity and can be used as an assessment tool for measuring children's trust in nurses.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial disease, with social difficulties and repetitive behaviors as its core symptoms. With the improvement of diagnostic methods, the detection rate of ASD is increasing year by year.Cognitive flexibility impairment is very obvious in most autistic patients.More and more studies have shown that cognitive flexibility impairment is related to the occurrence and development of core symptoms. However, the mechanism of cognitive flexibility impairment in autism remains unclear. The frontal lobe plays an important role in advanced cognition, and its complete development is related to cognitive function. Recent studies have shown that frontal lobe dysfunction is closely related to cognitive flexibility deficits in autistic patients, and the abnormal changes in the frontal lobe, the associated default mode network dysfunction and frontal striatal circuit defects may be the important mechanisms of cognitive flexibility impairment. Based on the recent clinical and basic studies on cognitive flexibility in autism, this article reviews the mechanisms of frontal lobe and related circuits involved in the impairment of cognitive flexibility in autism.

Polyphyllin Ⅰ(PPⅠ)and polyphyllin Ⅱ(PⅡ)are the main active substances in the Paris polyphylla.However,liver toxicity of these compounds has impeded their clinical application and the potential hepatotoxicity mechanisms remain to be elucidated.In this work,we found that PPⅠ and PⅡ exposure could induce significant hepatotoxicity in human liver cell line L-02 and zebrafish in a dose-dependent manner.The results of the proteomic analysis in L-02 cells and transcriptome in zebrafish indicated that the hepa-totoxicity of PPⅡ and PⅡwas associated with the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway disorders,which were alleviated by the cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor lovastatin.Additionally,3-hydroxy-3-methy-lglutaryl CoA reductase(HMGCR)and squalene epoxidase(SQLE),the two rate-limiting enzymes in the choles-terol synthesis,selected as the potential targets,were confirmed by the molecular docking,the over-expression,and knockdown of HMGCR or SQLE with siRNA.Finally,the pull-down and surface plasmon resonance technology revealed that PPⅠ could directly bind with SQLE but not with HMGCR.Collectively,these data demonstrated that PPⅠ-induced hepatotoxicity resulted from the direct binding with SQLE protein and impaired the sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2/HMGCR/SQLE/lanosterol synthase pathways,thus disturbing the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.The findings of this research can contribute to a better understanding of the key role of SQLE as a potential target in drug-induced hepatotoxicity and provide a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of drug toxic effects with similar structures in the future.

Objective:To study the features as well as the diagnosis and differential diagnosis values by conventional MRI morphometrics in different clinical subtypes of progressive supranuclear palsy(PSP).Methods:Forty five patients with PSP were included, comprising three PSP subtypes: 15 cases of Richardson's syndrome(PSP-RS), 15 cases of Parkinson's syndrome(PSP-P)and 15 cases of progressive frozen gait(PSP-PFG). In addition, three control groups were established: 15 cases of multiple system atrophy-Parkinson's syndrome(MSA-P), 30 cases of primary Parkinson's disease(PD)and 40 healthy controls(HC). Midbrain area-to-Pons area ratio(M/P), Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index(MRPI, MRPI2.0), width ratio of middle cerebellar peduncle to superior cerebellar peduncle(MCP/SCP), Midbrain-to-Pons ratio(MTPR), Angle of cerebral peduncle(A cp), third ventricle width/frontal horns width ratio(V 3rd/FH), and Humming bird sign rating scale(HBS-RS)scores were calculated.Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were performed by ROC curve to assess the accuracy of these imaging indicators in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PSP and its subtypes. Results:The MRPI, MRPI2.0, MCP/SCP and HBS-RS scores were significantly higher in PSP group than in other control groups( H=69.351, 66.776, 33.926 and 84.694, all P<0.05), while M/P and MTPR were significantly lower in PSP group than in other control groups(H=60.101 and 77.276, all P<0.05). PSP group also had higher V 3rd/FH compared with PD or HC group( F=17.168, P<0.05), but not with MSA-P group( Z=-1.602, P>0.05). The above differences also existed between each PSP subgroup and control groups.Among PSP subgroups, PSP-PFG subgroup had a larger A cp than did PSP-RS( Z=-2.510, P<0.05), and had higher HBS-RS score than did PSP-P group( Z=-2.380, P<0.05). No significant differences in other MRI morphometric indexes were identified among PSP subtypes.The M/P, MRPI, MTPR, MRPI2.0, HBS-RS score showed good accuracy in diagnosing PSP and its each subgroup, with HBS-RS score being the most accurate indicator, when the cutoff value was 2, the AUC values were all higher than 0.99, and the sensitivity and specificity were all above 90%.PSP and its subtypes were best distinguished from MSA-P by MRPI, when the cutoff value was 9.94, the AUC values were all higher than 0.90, with the sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 86.67%.PSP and its subtypes were best distinguished from PD by MTPR, AUC values were all above 0.95, with slightly different cutoff values.Almost all the morphological measurement parameters failed to show significant sensitivity and specificity in discriminating subtypes of PSP.The sensitivity and specificity of almost all MRI morphometry indicators in differentiating different subtypes of PSP are not high. Conclusions:MRI morphometrics have a high value both in the diagnosis of PSP and its subtypes, and also in specific application fields.MRI morphometrics have a limited value in discriminating PSP subtypes.