Objective To investigate the risks of operative contamination of surgical gear by exfoliated cancer in 78 patients who received surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Surgical gear from 78 patients who were operated for primary hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into four groups:A.surgical instruments; B.surgeon gloves; C.gauze and gloves used for cleaning equipment; D.gauze and gauze pad used for cleaning operation area.Saline was used to soak the surgical gear followed by low speed centrifugation.The precipitate was stained and then observed for cancer cells.Results The positive rates of cancer cell on surgical gear were significantly associated with the TNM stage,tumor location,tumor size,and surgical approach.The positive rate of liver cancer cell on surgical gear in TNM stage Ⅲ was higher than TNM stage Ⅰ / Ⅱ (56.3％ vs 21.7％,P=0.002).The positive rate of cancer cell on surgical gear was significantly related to tumor size and location (P=0.006,P=0.001).The positive cancer cell detection rate of non-anatomical liver resection was significantly higher than anatomical resection (53.8 ％ vs 26.9 ％,P =0.019).The positive cancer cell detection rate was significantly associated with different types of surgical gear (P=0.008),in which group C showed the highest cancer cell detection rate.Conclusion The risks of cancer cell contamination of surgical gear were significantly associated with progression of hepatocellular carcinoma,tumor size,location and surgical approach,and also associated with the frequency in the use of surgical gear,the operation scope of contact and the nature of surgical gear.

Objective To investigate the relationship between positive peritoneal exfoliated cancer cells and the clinicopathological features of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma before any invasive treatment.Methods Of the 92 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent laparotomy,ascites fluid was collected in the patients with peritoneal ascites; and peritoneal lavage fluid was collected in those patients without peritoneal ascites.Then,shedded cancer cells in these fluid samples were detected.Results The positive rates of peritoneal cancer cells were associated with the TNM stage,tumor location and tumor size.The positive detection rate of cancer cells in TNM stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly higher than stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (38.1％ vs 8.0％ ; P =0.0005).The positive detection rate was higher in tumors located closer to the surface (P =0.0 002),and with larger diameter (P =0.00 007).Conclusion Peritoneal cancer cells were significantly correlated with tumor stage,tumor location and size in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective This study investigated a method to rapidly inactivate tumor cells on surgical instruments intraoperatively.Methods Tumor cells were collected by immersing and washing the surgical instruments in 37 ℃ saline.The precipitation was collected by low speed centrifugation and then was cultured to harvest the tumor cells.The tumor cells were immersed in saline and distilled water of different temperatures for different duration of time.Inverted microscopy was used to investigate the changes in morphology.Results After immersion in 55 ℃ distilled water for 60 seconds,the tumor cells were swollen,the cell membranes disappeared,the sizes of the nuclei were reduced,the chromatin was condensed,and some cells lysed and separated from each other.Additionally,these tumor cells floated in the culture medium and lacked any living cells adhering to the walls of the bottle.In the group of tumor cells treated with 55 ℃ saline for 60 seconds,there were no obvious morphological changes of the tumor cell or nucleus.Conclusion The intraoperative immersion of surgical instruments in 55 ℃ distilled water for 60 seconds could completely inactivate tumor cells.

According to the experience of teaching the science of Chinese Medical Herbs Preparation,the author gives some advice such as choosing typical drugs,providing examples and setting up comprehensive and contriving experiments etc,which is worth referring to in teaching es-pecially for those who have less time in experiments.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of metabolic syndrome (MS) on the occurrence and development of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).Methods 101 elderly BPH patients were divided into two groups:BPH (n = 45) and BPH with MS (n= 56)group.The effects of metabolic indexes,including body mass index (BMI),waist,high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),fasting blood glucose (FBS) and insuline resistance index (H()MA-IR),on prostate volume(PV),prostate-specific antigen (PSA),international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were surveyed in BPH patients.Results BPH with MS group showed significantly higher values of PV (t = 3.22,P= 0.003)and longer course of LUTS (t= 2.02,P =0.046) than BPH group.The BPH patients with overweight and obesity had significantly higher levels of PV(49.44±26.83 ml and 51.7±22.2 ml,P=0.021 and 0.043) than BPH patients with normal weight (38.10 ± 10.64 ml).Additionally,BPH patients with abdominal obesity had significantly higher levels of PV than BPH patients without abdominal obesity(50.26±26.51 ml vs.38.99± 11.25ml,P=0.005).BPH patients with low HDL-C had significantly higher PV than BPH patients with normal HDL-C[(54.23±28.92)ml vs.(40.40± 14.87) ml,P=0.009].The values of PV,PSA in the BPH patients with elevated FBS were significantly higher than in BPH patients with normal FBS (t=3.17 and 2.4I,P= 0.035 and 0.013).BPH patients with insuline resistance (IR) had higher values of PV and longer courses of LUTS than BPH patients without IR (t= 3.43 and 3.58,P-0.001).The PV was positively correlated with BMI(r= 0.459.P= O.OOO),FINS (r= 0.42,P=O.OOI),HOMA-IR (r= 0.49,P= 0.003) and gatively correlated with HDL-C (r= 0.38,P-0.000)- Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that PV was closely correlated with HOMA-IR.ConclusionsMS has evident effects on the occurrence and development of BPH.