ObjectiveTo investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of edaravone for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.MethodsThirty-six healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham operation group, an ischemic model group, and an edaravone group (n=12 in each group).A focal cerebral ischemia model was induced by the suture method.Reperfusion was resumed after 2 h of ischemia;then the animals were sacrificed at 24 h after reperfusion.Edaravone 3 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally immediately after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in the edaravone group.The rats in the model group were injected equal volume normal saline.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes.TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic cells in the ischemic cortex.Western blot and immunofluorescent staining were used to detect the expression levels of LIM domain protein 4 (LMO4) and LMO4 positive cells.Results HE staining showed that cellular morphology was basically normal in the sham operation group;both the model group and edaravone group had cell necrosis, but the latter was less severe.The number of morphologically normal cells in the edaravone group was significantly more than that in the model group (P<0.01).TUNEL staining showed that no TUNEL positive cells in the sham operation group were observed.The TUNEL positive cells in the edaravone group was significantly less that in the model group (P<0.01).Immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression level of LMO4 in the ischemic cortex in the edaravone group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P<0.01).ConclusionsEdaravone can alleviate the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and inhibit neuronal apoptosis.Its mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of LMO4 expression.

Objective To investigate perfusion imaging and parameters of normal pancreas by dual-source CT and to evaluate the appropriate perfusion imaging scan.Methods Sixty-six subjects with normal pancreas underwent low-dose pancreatic perfusion and plain scan.CT images were sent to a separate workstation via a network.The blood flow (BF)and blood volume (BV)of pancreas head,body and tail were measured using the VPCT Body software and analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Then the time-density curve of pancreas was drawn,and the enhancement peak time and the corresponding CT value were also measured.Results The average BF values of pancreas head,body and tail were (1 1 6.09 ± 31.83)mL·100 g-1 ·min-1 ,(1 1 9.72±32.50)mL·100 g-1 ·min-1 , (1 14.65±31.42)mL·100 g-1 ·min-1 ,and the mean BV values were (29.83 ±1 9.07)mL/100 g,(30.39 ± 1 9.38)mL/100 g, (28.82±1 9.22)mL/100 g,respectively.The perfusion parameters in different pancreatic parts were not statistically different.The mean enhancement peak time was (27.92 s±4.52)s,(28.02±5.34)s in pancreas head,(27.40±4.36)s in pancreas body,(27.34±4.57)s in pancreas tail.On plain image,the average CT value of pancreas was (41.43±5.88)HU.However,on enhanced image,the mean CT value was (95.96±18.44)HU in normal pancreas [(96.73±19.71)HU in pancreas head,(98.45±17.52)HU in body,(92.69±18.1 7)HU in tail].Conclusion The perfusion parameters including blood flow and blood volume in pancreatic head,body and tail are identical. The mean enhancement peak time is (27.92±4.52)s,and the corresponding enhancement CT value is (95.96±18.44)HU.

Objective To understand the current situation and characteristics of occupational exposure(OE)among health care workers(HCWs),and provide basis for making preventive measures.Methods Self-designed question-naire about OE was adopted,OE among all HCWs in a hospital in January-December 2015 were surveyed and statis-tically analyzed.Results A total of 1888 HCWs were surveyed,there were 304 cases of OE,the mean OE rate in the whole hospital was 16.10%;OE occurred 370 times(19.60%).Doctors,trainees,and HCWs who worked for≤1 year had relatively higher OE rates,which were 23.18%(102/440),17.88%(49/274),and 18.34%(95/518) respectively.Sharp injury is the main OE mode,accounting for 83.24%(n=308),sharp injuries mainly occurred before disposing the used devices and during the process of use,accounting for 37.99%(n=117)and 36.69%(n=113)respectively.Among 370 times of OE,315 could be traced to the sources of exposure.Among the known ex-posure sources,OE of bloodborne pathogens accounted for 24.13% (n=76).59 of 370 times of OE implemented complete local treatment and reporting procedures,reporting rate of OE was 15.95%.Conclusion Hospital should take comprehensive measures to promote occupational safety precaution,and reduce the incidence of OE.

0bjective To investigate the relationships between the peripheral lung cancer and pulmonary vessels or bronchi by 16-row muhislice computed tomography(MSCT)and analyze the related factors.Methods Fifty-four patients with peripheral lung cancer confirmed pathologically underwent contrast-erdaanced MSC TI Multiplanar reformation(MPR)and maximum intensity projection(MIP)in all patients were used to demonstrate the relationships between the peripheral lung cancer and pulmonary vessels,bronchi.The relationships were categorized five types:Type 1,erupted at the edge of nodule. Type 2,erupted at the center of nodule.Type 3,penetrated through the nodule.Type 4,contacting the nodule but stretched or encased.Type 5,contacting the nodule but smoothly compressed.The pathology type,stage,size,density and location of the peripheral lung cancer were recorded and the relationships with five types were evaluated by using Chi-square test and correlation analysis.Results (1)Tumor-bronchi relationship:type 1(33,61.1%)was more often seen in≥2.0 cm and solid lesions with stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ.while Type 2(14,25.9%)was often seen in<2.0 am and part-solid or non-solid lesions with stage Ⅰ.(2)Tumor-PA relationship:Type 1 was more often seen in≥2.0 am and solid lesions with stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ.while Type 2 was often seen in part-solid or non-solid lesions with stage Ⅰ.(3)Tumor-PV relationship:type 4 was the most common type(29,53.7%).Type 2(13,24.1%)was more often seen in part-solid or non-solid lesions.(4)Tumor-bronchi relationship and tumor-PA relationship had a positive correlation(r=0.5265,P<0.01).Conclusions MSCT can demonstrate the relations between the peripheral lung cancer and bronchi.PA and PV.It is useful for the differential diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of the lung csncer.

Objective:To analyze the MRI features of medulloblastoma (MB) in children, and screen out the key signs that can predict the risk of MB before surgery.Methods:Clinical and radiological data of 62 children with MB confirmed by pathology in Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from December 2012 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the diagnosis and treatment guidelines for children with MB (2021 edition), the patients were divided into standard risk group (43 cases) and high risk group (19 cases). MRI features of MB were observed and recorded, including tumor site, location of tumor center, tumor morphology, signal intensity of T 1WI, T 2WI and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), enhancement pattern, cystic lesion size, location and number, peritumoral edema and hydrocephalus, and the maximum diameter of tumor was measured. The χ 2 test or Fisher exact probability method was used to compare the differences in age, gender and MRI signs between the two groups. The t test of two independent samples was used to compare the differences in the maximum diameter of tumors between the two groups. The indicators with statistically significant differences were included in binary logistic regression analysis to obtain independent influencing factors associated with the risk groups. The receiver operation characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy. Results:There were significant differences in age ( P=0.026), enhancement pattern ( P=0.018), cystic lesion size ( P=0.005), location ( P=0.011) and number ( P=0.003) between standard risk group and high risk group. There were no significant differences in gender, tumor site, location of tumor center, tumor morphology, signal intensity of T 1WI, T 2WI and DWI, peritumoral edema, hydrocephalus and maximum diameter of tumor between the two groups ( P>0.05). Binary logistic regression results showed the age (OR=0.207, 95%CI 0.040-0.983, P=0.042) and the number of cystic lesions (OR=0.215, 95%CI 0.073-0.630, P=0.005) were the protective factors for MB in high risk group, the enhancement pattern Ⅲ (OR=5.226, 95%CI 1.516-52.920, P=0.048) was the dangerous factor for MB in high risk group. The area under the curve of the combined diagnosis of high risk MB was 0.845 (95%CI 0.741-0.949). Conclusions:The age and MRI signs the pattern of tumor enhancement Ⅲ and the number of cystic lesion can be used to predict the risk grouping of MB preoperatively. When the child is younger and MB enhancement pattern is mainly peripheral enhancement without obvious cystic change, it may indicate high risk MB.

Objective: To observe the effect of cancer nursing plan based on risk concept on complications, self-care ability and quality of life of patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Methods: Totally 68 patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy from February 2016 to February 2018 were included in the study. According to the random method of drawing lots, they were divided into two groups, 34 cases each. The control group was given routine nursing intervention, while the observation group was given cancer nursing plan based on risk concept. The intervention time was from the day of admission to the end of discharge. Comparing the incidence of complications between the two groups, the self-care ability implementation scale and the Chinese version of the World Health Organization quality of life scale were used to evaluate the self-care ability and quality of life before and after the intervention. Results: The incidence of complications was 14.70% (5/34) in the observation group and 38.23% (13/34) in the control group, with statistically significant difference (t=4.836, P<0.05).Before intervention, there was no significant difference in scores of each sub-item and total score of self-care ability implementation scale between the two groups (t=0.336-1.224, P>0.05). After intervention, the health knowledge level, self-concept, self-responsibility, self-care skills and total score of the observation group were (48.37±4.10), (27.56±4.12), (26.56±5.09), (29.54±5.87), (132.02±19.15) points, respectively. After intervention, the scores of the above dimensions and the total scale in the control group were (44.10±3.74), (24.16±3.47), (20.40±4.12), (24.13±3.65) and (112.78±14.97) points, respectively, with statistically significant differences (t=3.680-5.485, P<0.05). Before intervention, there was no significant difference in sub-item scores and total scores of QOL between the two groups (t=0.151-0.996, P>0.05); After the intervention, the observation group physiological, psychological, social relations, the environment and total score of (24.85±2.63), (21.34±2.73), (20.76±2.47), (19.07±2.45), (86.02±10.27) points and the control group was (19.09±2.03) points, (17.65±2.13), (17.29±2.30), (16.38±2.37), (70.41±8.82) points, the difference had statistical significance (t=4.601-10.109, P<0.05). Conclusion Tumor care plan based on risk concept can reduce the incidence of complications related to radiotherapy for cervical cancer patients, and improve their self-care ability and quality of life.

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, mediating the transcriptional induction of type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, thereby collectively establishing an antiviral host response. Studies have shown that unlike other TLR family members, TLR3 is the only RNA sensor that is utterly dependent on the Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)‍-domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-‍β (TRIF). However, the details of how the TLR3-TRIF signaling pathway works in an antiviral response and how it is regulated are unclear. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the antiviral mechanism of the TRIF pathway and describe the essential characteristics of TLR3 and its antiviral effects. Advancing our understanding of TLR3 may contribute to disease diagnosis and could foster the development of novel treatments for viral diseases.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes Bluetongue (BT) of ruminants vectored by culicoides midges. It is also a classic model for studying the release mechanism of non-enveloped virus. This review begins with the infection and assembly of BTV, then summarizes the advances of different ways of releasing BTV. This includes BTV-induced autophagy and the release as extracellular vesicles via multivesicular bodies, BTV-induced apoptosis and the lytic release, as well as different pathways of release through budding via plasma membrane. The regulatory mechanisms of NS3 which is a key non-structural protein during the release of BTV are also discussed, providing a basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the infection, proliferation and release of BTV.
Animals ; Bluetongue ; Bluetongue virus ; Ceratopogonidae ; Sheep ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Bluetongue virus is an arbovirus that seriously harms ruminants such as sheep,this study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of bluetongue virus infection and host cell interferon antiviral immune response.The study was conducted to characterize the mRNA expression of inter-feron pathway genes by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,as well as Western blot analysis of MDA5,TRAF3,RIG-Ⅰ,and TBK1 protein expression in BHK-21 cells induced by BTV with a multiplicity of infections(MOI)of 1 for 18,24,and 36 h.The results showed that the most pro-nounced changes in the expression of interferon signaling pathway genes were observed at 24 h of induction,the gene mRNA expression levels of the IFN-α,IFN-β,RIG-Ⅰ,TBK1,MDA5,VISA,and TRAF3 genes were upregulated.However,the mRNA expression levels of IKKε and TRAF6 genes were downregulated.At the protein level,MDA5 and TBK1 proteins were upregulated while RIG-1 and TRAF3 proteins were downregulated,which showed that BTV infection induces a typeⅠ interferon immune response in BHK-21 cells.This study lays the foundation for further exploring the antiviral immunity mechanism of IFN-Ⅰ signaling pathway regulatory genes in host cells infected with BTV infection.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.