Bluetongue virus is an arbovirus that seriously harms ruminants such as sheep,this study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of bluetongue virus infection and host cell interferon antiviral immune response.The study was conducted to characterize the mRNA expression of inter-feron pathway genes by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,as well as Western blot analysis of MDA5,TRAF3,RIG-Ⅰ,and TBK1 protein expression in BHK-21 cells induced by BTV with a multiplicity of infections(MOI)of 1 for 18,24,and 36 h.The results showed that the most pro-nounced changes in the expression of interferon signaling pathway genes were observed at 24 h of induction,the gene mRNA expression levels of the IFN-α,IFN-β,RIG-Ⅰ,TBK1,MDA5,VISA,and TRAF3 genes were upregulated.However,the mRNA expression levels of IKKε and TRAF6 genes were downregulated.At the protein level,MDA5 and TBK1 proteins were upregulated while RIG-1 and TRAF3 proteins were downregulated,which showed that BTV infection induces a typeⅠ interferon immune response in BHK-21 cells.This study lays the foundation for further exploring the antiviral immunity mechanism of IFN-Ⅰ signaling pathway regulatory genes in host cells infected with BTV infection.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

OBJECTIVES: Femoral neck fracture is the most serious osteoporotic fractures that is responsible for high medical costs and high mortality. Femoral neck geometric parameters (FNGPs) are important parameters that reflect the geometrical characteristics of femoral neck, and are closely related to the strength of femoral neck and the risk of fragility fracture.There are differences in the incidence of femoral neck fractures among races. However, whether there is difference in FNGPs among races is unknown.Therefore, this study aims to compare the differences in FNGPs between Chinese and Japanese females. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study, in which 3 859 healthy females aged 10-86 (45.7±17.1) years old were recruited from Changsha City of Hunan Province and surrounding areas. The weight and height were measured and recorded, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone densitometer was used to measure femoral neck projective bone area (BA) and bone mineral density (BMD). FNGPs were calculated using the BMD and BA, which included the outer diameter (OD), cross-sectional area (CSA), cortical thickness (CT), endocortical diameter (ED), buckling ratio (BR), section modulus (SM), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), and compression strength index (CSI). The data of FNGPs in Japanese females was collected from literature. These subjects were grouped by 10-year age. The mean and standard deviation of height, weight, BMI, femoral neck BMD, and FNGPs of each group were calculated. The model with the best goodness-of-fit was selected from various mathematical regression models to analyze the distribution trend and the best fitting curve of FNGPs with age. The differences in FNGPs between Chinese and Japanese females were analyzed by using age-corresponding mean fitting curve for paired t-test, and the relative change rates of FNGPs were compared. RESULTS: The mean values of FNGPs were significantly different among different years old healthy females (all P<0.01). The mean values of OD, CSA, CT, SM, and CSMI in femoral neck were high at 30 to 39 years old, and then they were gradually decreased with age. The CSI reached its peak at 20-29 years old, and it was decreased gradually after 30 years old. ED and BR were at a low level before 40 years old, they were gradually increased after 40 years old, and reached the maximum average value at 80-86 years old. The variations in FNGPs with age were fitted with the best goodness-of-fit by applying the cubic regression model and the determination coefficients of regression equations (R²: 0.062-0.404) were significant (all P<0.01). The distribution trend of FNGPs with age varied with the indices, among which CSA, CT, SM, CSMI and CSI were increased with age before 35 years old, and then they were decreased with age; BR was at a low level in the early stage, and then it was increased with age after about 40 years. There were significant differences in the fitting curves of FNGPs related to age between Chinese and Japanese females (all P<0.01). The fitting curves of OD, ED, BR and SM in Chinese females were significantly higher than those in Japanese females (all P<0.01), while those of CSA and CT in Chinese females were significantly lower than those in Japanese females (all P<0.01). Before the age of 50, the curves of CSMI and CSI of Chinese females were significantly higher than those of Japanese females (all P<0.01), while after the age of 60 the situation was reversed (all P<0.01). Except for SM and CSI, there were significant differences in the rate of OD, CSA, CT, ED, BR and CSMI with age (all P<0.01). By the age of 80 years old, the rates of change in OD, ED, and BR with the age in Chinese females were increased by 0.91%,3.94%, and 47.5%, respectively, while those in Japanese females were increased by 8.57%, 15.8% and 85.3%, respectively；the rates of change of CSA, CT, and CSMI with the age in Chinese females were declined 28.0%, 29.6%, and 25.2%, respectively, while those in Japanese females were declined 29.9%, 36.2%, and 10.9%, respectively. There were significant difference in the rates of change in FNGPs with the age between Chinese and Japanese females (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The study reveals the variation of FNGPs with age in Chinese, and confirms that there are racial differences in FNGPs between Chinese and Japanese females, which may be one of the important reasons for the difference in the incidence of femoral neck fracture between Chinese and Japanese females.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures/epidemiology* ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Japan ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the clinical, skeletal muscle pathological, and genetic characteristics of fatal infantile hypertonic myofibrillar myopathy (FIHMM).Methods:The clinical manifestations, laboratory assessments data and gene sequencing results of 10 patients diagnosed with FIHMM in Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from February 2017 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of both musculoskeletal system and the brain, and electromyogram (EMG) were performed in 3 cases, while muscle biopsy was performed in 2 cases.Results:Among these 10 cases, 1 case was from Northeast China and 1 case from East China, while the rest 8 cases were from South China.Eight of the 10 patients were male, and the other 2 cases were female.They were all born normal and not related to each other.The age of onset varied from 2 to 12 months.The main clinical manifestations for all the patients were progressive rigidity of the rectus abdominis (8 cases), neck muscles (7 cases), rectus abdominis (2 cases) and intercostal muscles (1 case), resulting in respiratory failure.Mildly to moderately elevated serum creatine kinase level was detected (436-5 804 IU/L) (reference range: 24-229 IU/L). Complex repetitive discharges can be seen in the EMG, without any myotonic potential.Muscle fiber degeneration, necrosis, and vacuolar degeneration were noted in the histopathological examination of the vastus lateralis and rectus abdominis.An abnormal red granular deposit was observed in a portion of the field of the modified Gomory Trichrome staining.Immunohistochemistry showed substantial deposition of desmin.Under the electron microscopy, the sarcomere structure of the muscle fibers was seriously disordered, with the destruction of Z-bands and the presence of granular deposits.The whole-exome sequencing identified the same homozygous variation c. 3G>A, p.Met1? of CRYAB gene in all the patients, but heterozygous variation in their parents. Conclusions:Axial muscles involvement, such as rectus abdominis rigidity, is the main clinical characteristic of FIHMM.c.3G>A, p.Met1? mutation in the CRYAB gene is a hotspot mutation in Chinese children.

Objective:To examine the heritability of body mass index (BMI) and coronary heart disease (CHD), and to explore whether genetic factors can explain their correlation.Methods:Participants were from 11 provinces/municipalities reqistered in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) from 2010 to 2018. Participants data were collected from face-to-face questionnaire survey. Bivariate structure equation model was used to estimate the heritability and the genetic correlation of BMI and CHD.Results:A total of 20 340 pairs of same-sex twins aged ≥25 years were included in this study. After adjusting for age and gender, the heritability of BMI and CHD was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.49-0.55) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69-0.81), respectively. Further, a genetic correlation was identified between BMI and CHD ( rA=0.10, 95% CI:0.02-0.17). Conclusion:In Chinese adult twin population, BMI and CHD are affected by genetic factors, and their correlation can be attributed to the common genetic basis.

Objective:To examine the heritability of body mass index (BMI) and coronary heart disease (CHD), and to explore whether genetic factors can explain their correlation.Methods:Participants were from 11 provinces/municipalities reqistered in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) from 2010 to 2018. Participants data were collected from face-to-face questionnaire survey. Bivariate structure equation model was used to estimate the heritability and the genetic correlation of BMI and CHD.Results:A total of 20 340 pairs of same-sex twins aged ≥25 years were included in this study. After adjusting for age and gender, the heritability of BMI and CHD was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.49-0.55) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69-0.81), respectively. Further, a genetic correlation was identified between BMI and CHD ( rA=0.10, 95% CI:0.02-0.17). Conclusion:In Chinese adult twin population, BMI and CHD are affected by genetic factors, and their correlation can be attributed to the common genetic basis.

Objective:To describe the differences in body mass index (BMI) distribution in adult twins registered in Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), and provide evidence for the risk factor analysis and prevention and control of overweight or obesity.Methods:A total of 32 725 twin pairs aged 18 years and above who completed the questionnaire survey during 2010-2018 and had complete registered information in CNTR and normal body weight and length were included in the analysis on the population and region specific distributions of BMI of twin pairs and the difference in BMI in twin pairs.Results:The twin pairs included in the analysis were aged (34.6±12.4) years, the twin pairs of same gender accounted for 79.7%. The average BMI was 22.5 kg/m 2. The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight was 4.9% and 23.7%, respectively. Participants who were men, 50-59 years old, married, had lower education level, and lived in northern China had higher overweight rate and obesity rate ( P<0.001). The difference in overweight or obesity prevalence between monozygotic (MZ) twin pars and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs was not significant, but firstborn twin pairs had slightly higher rates of overweight and obesity than later-born twin pairs ( P<0.05). The analysis in same gender-twin pairs indicated that the difference in BMI was associated with age (trend test: P<0.001), and the difference was more obvious in DZ twin pair in MZ pair and this difference increased with age. The concordant rate of BMI was higher in MZ twin pairs than DZ twin pairs ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The distribution of BMI of twin pairs varied with population and region and BMI varied with age due to its genetic nature.

Objective:To explore the modification effect of physical activity on the genetic effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:The univariate moderation model was fitted to calculate the modifying effect of physical activity on the genetic effects of T2DM based on the data of 12 107 pairs of same gender twins aged 30 years and older enrolled by the Chinese National Twin Registry in 11 provinces/cities in China.Results:After adjusting for age and gender, the heritability of T2DM was 0.56 (0.31-0.84). Qualified physical activity could attenuate the genetic effects of T2DM. The heritability of T2DM in twin pairs with qualified physical activity was 0.46 (0.06-0.88), which was lower than that in twin pairs without qualified physical activity during the same model [0.68(0.36-0.94)].Conclusion:T2DM is a moderate genetic disease, physical activity can modify the genetic effects of T2DM.

Objective:To explore the gene-body mass index (BMI) interaction on coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Chinese adult twins.Methods:A total of 20 340 same-sex twin pairs registered in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) were enrolled in this study. Classical twin structure equation model was used to estimate the gene-BMI interaction on CHD.Results:After adjusting for age, we found that genetic variance of CHD differed as the function of BMI in male twins, which indicated the presence of a gene-BMI interaction on CHD ( P=0.008).The genetic moderating effect ( βa) was -0.14 (95% CI: -0.22--0.04), indicating that for each logarithmic transformation value of BMI increase, genetic path parameters would decrease by 0.14, which would result in the decrease of genetic variance of CHD. And the heritability of CHD was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65-0.86) among the male twins with lower BMI (<24.0 kg/m 2), but 0.56 (95% CI: 0.33-0.74) among the male twins with high BMI (≥24.0 kg/m 2). However, there was no evidence suggesting that BMI could moderate genetic variants of CHD in female. Conclusion:We found a significant gene-BMI interaction on CHD in the Chinese male adult twins in China, and the heritability of CHD was higher among the twins whose BMI was <24.0 kg/m 2.

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the application and advantages of combined intrathecal and extrathecal hypothermic plasma tonsillectomy in reducing intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage in OSA children. Method: We retrospectively reviewed 726 cases who were diagnosed as OSA. All patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical method: 320 cases by total tonsillectomy and 406 cases by combined extracapsular and intracapsular tonsillectomy. The intro operative bleeding volume, post operative haemorrhage data as time, location and degree in the two groups were compared. Result: There was no statistical difference in the intro operative bleeding volume in the two groups [（9.3±4.6） mL]vs [（7.6±3.5） mL], t=12.687, P=0.235. Two patients who underwent combined extracapsular and intracapsular tonsillectomy presented with post operative haemorrhage, the total post operative haemorrhage rate was significantly decreased that in the total tonsillectomy group（14 cases）（χ²=10.779, P=0.001）. The 2 patients in combined extracapsular and intracapsular tonsillectomy group were secondary haemorrhage, with location in the upper pole and medium, grade A haemorrhage; while in the 14 cases in in the total tonsillectomy group, there were 2 cases presented with primary haemorrhage and 12 cases with secondary haemorrhage; with regard to location of haemorrhage, 1 in the upper pole, 2 in the medium, 11 in the lower pole; 5 cases presented with grade A haemorrhage, 8 with grade B haemorrhage and 1 with grade C haemorrhage. The haemorrhage rate at 7 days after surgery （χ²=5.697, P=0.017）, at the lower pole（χ²=11.961, P=0.001） and grade B（χ²=8.097, P=0.004） were all significantly decreases in the combined extracapsular and intracapsular tonsillectomy group. Conclusion Plasma tonsillectomy combined with intrathecal and extrathecal hypothermic tonsillectomy is a safe and effective method, which has obvious advantages in reducing the postoperative hemorrhage, especially the secondary hemorrhage of Subtonsillar Pole.