Governor Vessel is one of eight extraordinary Meridians, and been also called the sea of Yang Meridians.It masters the Yin and Yang of the body cooperating with Conception Vessel.Acupoints on Governor Vessel have been used widely in clinic.The author expounded the functional feature of Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Mingmen (GV 4), Zhiyang (GV 9), Dazhui (GV 14) and Baihui (GV 20), which can show the characteristic of Governor Vessel and provide reference for clinical application.

It lists 3 misunderstandings in acupuncture moxibustion theory and clinical study for students of the major:(1) Bias on manipulation exercise,less attention on grasping combination of TCM and western medicine;(2) only pay attention on dimensional points and sides,neglect acupuncture angle and depth;(3) have misunderstanding to acupuncture moxibustion effect and no enough confidence on clinical acupuncture moxibustion.

The problem based teaching (PBT) has been the main approach to the training in the universities o the world. Combined with the team oriented learning method, PBT will become the method available to the education in medical universities. In the paper, based on the common questions in teaching Jingluo Shuxue Xue (Science of Meridian and Acupoint), the concepts and characters of PBT and the team oriented learning method were analyzed. The implementation steps of PBT were set up in reference to the team oriented learning method. By quoting the original text in Beiji Qianjin Yaofang (Essential recipes for emergent use worth a thousand gold), the case analysis on "the thirteen devil points" was established with PBT.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Points ; Case-Control Studies ; Education, Medical ; methods ; Faculty ; Humans ; Meridians ; Problem-Based Learning ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of warming-needle moxibustion on cervical headache.

METHODSSixty-one patients of cervical headache were randomly divided into a warming-needle moxibustion group (30 cases) and an acupuncture group (31 cases). Tianzhu (BL 10), Fengchi (GB 20), Wangu (GB 12), Tianyou (TE 16), Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3) and Zulinqi (GB 41) were selected in the two groups. Patients in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture; patients in the warming-needle moxibustion group were treated with warming-needle moxibustion at Tianzhu (BL 10), Fengchi (GB 20) and Wangu (GB 12) and acupuncture at the remaining acupoints. The treatment was given once every other day, 3 times a week, and totally 4-week treatment was given. The duration and frequency of headache, numerical rating scale (NRS) of headache and cervical range of motion (ROM) were compared before and after treatment in the two groups; also the efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the duration and frequency of headache, headache NRS.and cervical ROM score were improved in both groups (all P < 0.05), which were more significant in the warming-needle moxibustion group (all P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 84.3% (25/30) in the warming-needle moxibustion group, which was significantly superior to 61.3% (19/31) in the acupuncture group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe warming-needle moxibustion presents significant efficacy on cervical headache, which can obviously improve headache symptoms and cervical ROM.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; physiopathology ; Female ; Headache ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Neck Pain ; complications ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo investigate the impactsof different time-course electroacupuncture pretreatments on brain water content and blood-brain barrier permeability and assess their protecting effects on blood-brain barrier functionin cerebral ischemia rats. MethodClean-grade healthy male SD rats were randomly allocated to five groups (n=48): model control group, and one-day, three-day, seven-day and fifteen-day electroacupuncture pretreatment groups. A rat model of unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was made after electroacupuncture pretreatment was finished in various electroacupuncture groups. The water content of the brain and the amount of EB through blood brain barrier were measured at 12, 24 and 48 hrs after cerebral ischemia. ResultBoth brain water content and EB permeation amount were lower at 12 and 48 hrs than at 24 hrs after cerebral ischemia (P<0.05). There was a significant reducing effect on brain water content and EB permeation amount in the fifteen-day electroacupuncture pretreatment group at various time points after cerebral ischemia (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).Conclusion The blood-brain barrier is impaired most severely at 24 hrs of the three time points 12, 24 and 48 hrs after cerebral ischemia. Electroacupuncture pretreatment can produce a protecting effect on blood-brain barrier function in cerebral ischemia rats by markedly reducing cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier permeability.

Post-traumatic brain syndrome is a common disease in neurosurgery department, referring to a variety of neurological symptoms after brain traumas. Currently, research shows that this disease involves the fields of neurologic anatomy, pathology, trauma mechanics, neurobiochemistry, cerebral hemodynamics, etc, and the treatment majorly includes medication, hyperbaric oxygen, and psychotherapy, but they don't work so well. In primary hospitals, the convenient, low-cost and safe acupuncture-moxibustion therapy should be paid more attention. By retrieving literatures during the latest 10 years, this article has concluded that the acupuncture-moxibustion treatments for this disease covered acupuncture, auricular acupoint therapy, bloodletting therapy, and moxibustion, and the action mechanisms were mostly the improvement of cerebral circulation and cerebral metabolism, and the change of neurotransmitters and cytokines. The improvement of cerebral circulation and increase of cerebral blood flow can be taken as the future direction in the research on acupuncture-moxibustion for this disease. However, in the treatment of post-traumatic brain syndrome with acupuncture-moxibustion, it still requires the standardization of acupuncture and the objectification of evaluation indexes.

[Objective]To improve the teaching quality ofMeridians and Acupoints. [Methods]Based on the ten-year experience of teaching the course ofMeridians and Acupoints, the authors suggest three issues on how to study well with this subject. [Results] The first, using the comparing method to remember meridians and acupoints, always do analysis and summary are all important ways to learn the basic knowledge.The second, understanding the property of acupoints, make prescription of acupoints like the way of making Chinese herbal formula according to syndrome differentiation, can cultivate students' dialectical thinking and improve the ability of diagnosis and treatment in acupuncture clinic.The third, introducing the origin,history and development of each meridian and some special acupoints. [Conclusion]The above three suggestions can help students to learn better about the science of acupuncture,and improve their professional thinking, and mine the potential ability of innovation.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at the six mind-calming points plus the four gate points in treating migraine.Method Totally 128 eligible migraine patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 64 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture at the six mind-calming points plus the four gate points, while the control group was by ordinary acupuncture. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), headache attack frequency, headache duration, headache intensity, complicated symptoms, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were observed before and after treatment and in the follow-up study.Result The NRS scores and the headache symptoms and functions scores were significantly changed respectively after 2-week and 4-week treatment in both groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). The NRS score, headache duration, and headache intensity in the treatment group were significantly different from that in the control group after 4-week treatment and in the follow-up study (P<0.05,P<0.01). The SDS and SAS scores were significantly changed after 2-week and 4-week treatments as well as in the follow-up study in the treatment group (P<0.01). The SDS and SAS scores were significantly changed after 4-week treatment in the control group (P<0.01). There were significant differences in comparing the SDS and SAS scores between the two groups after 2-week and 4-week treatment as well as in the follow-up study (P<0.05,P<0.01). In the treatment group, the SDS and SAS scores in the follow-up study were significantly different from that after 2-week treatment (P<0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture at the six mind-calming points plus the four gate points is an effective method in treating migraine, and it can reduce headache intensity, and improve the anxiety and depression state.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment of different durations on the expressions of AQP4 and CLN5 in the blood-brain barrier after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion Methods Sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a model group,a sham operation group,a 7-day EA-pretreatment group (EAP-7 group) and a 15-day EA-pretreatment group (EAP-15 group),each of 16.After EA-pretreatment on the baihui and shuigou acupoints for 7 days or 15 days,a model of unilateral middle cerebral artery embolism (MCAO) model was induced in the rats of the model,EAP-7 and EAP-15 group using a modified Longa method.In the sham operation group the carotid artery was separated without middle cerebral artery embolism.The reperfusion was begun 90 min after the MCAO modeling.Immunohistochemical methods and fluorescence quantitative PCR were applied to detect the expression of AQP4,CLN5 and their mRNAs expression in the blood brain barrier (BBB) 24h after the operation.Results Compared with the sham operation group,the expression of AQP4 positive cells and AQP4 mRNA in the BBB in the other three groups had increased significantly,while the expression of CLN5 positive cells and CLN5 mRNA was significantly less.Compared with the model group,the expression of AQP4 positive cells and AQP4 mRNA in the EAP-7 and EAP-15 groups was significantly reduced,while the expression of CLN5 positive cells and CLN5 mRNA was significantly increased.Moreover,the expression of AQP4 positive cells and AQP4 mRNA in the EAP-15 group were significantly higher than in the EAP-7 group,while the expression of CLN5 positive cells and CLN5 mRNA were significantly lower.Conclusions EA-pretreatment on the baihui and shuigou acupoints can restrain the expression of AQP4-positive cells and AQP4 mRNA and promote that of CLN5-positive cells and CLN5 mRNA in the BBB after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion,at least in rats.The BBB protection effect is better when the EA-pretreatment lasts longer.The mechanisms of cerebral ischemia tolerance may be related to the regulation of AQP4,CLN5 and their mRNAs in the blood-brain barrier after cerebral injury.

[Objective]Analyzing clinical experience and academic view of Pro. LIAN Jianwei for the treatment of eructation in order to completely learn and master his experience.[Method] Analyzing 4 belching cases of Pro. LIAN, and combining his therapeutic experience and view. [Result] According to the view of Pro. LIAN Jianwei, there are 4 common types in clinic, the type of accumulation in stomach and intestine, the type of spleen and stomach deficiency, the type of liver qi stagnation, the type of liver and spleen disharmony. Promoting digestion and harmonizing stomach to treat the type of food accumulation in stomach;benefiting qi and strengthening spleen to treat the type pf spleen and stomach qi deficiency;smoothing liver and regulating qi to treat type of liver and stomach disharmony; regulating liver and spleen to treat type of liver and spleen disharmony;eliminating damp to treat type of spleen deficiency with damp;activating blood to treat stasis caused by prolonged diseases. Prescriptions of Pro. LIANbased on methods which changed with syndromes. He insisted that treatments base on differentiation;prescriptions base on methods, which make effect well. [Conclusion] It is worthy for our students to learn and imitate clinical experience and academic view of Pro. LIAN Jianwei for the treatment of eructation.