Purpose To explore the value of 64-slice spiral CT digital subtraction angiography in diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM).Materials and Methods 26 patients with AVM were performed with plain CT scan, enhanced arterial phase and venous phase CT scan on a 64-slice spiral CT scanner. The subtracted arterial phase data was obtained through subtracting the plain CT images from arterial phase images, then the subtracted venous phase data was obtained through subtracting arterial phase images from venous phase images, and subtracted mixed arterial-venous phase data through subtracting plain CT images from venous phase images. Then volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) were used to reconstruct the cerebral vessel images. Results The inference of cranial bones was completely removed in all subtracted cerebral vessel images, thus clearly demonstrating malformed vascular nest, feeding arteries and draining veins. And 7 malformed temporal vascular nests, 5 parietal vascular nests, 5 frontal vascular nests, 6 occipital vascular nests and 3 cerebellar vascular nests were revealed;39 feeding arteries were detected altogether. Single feeding artery was found in 15 cases, and multiple feeding arteries in 9 cases. Meanwhile 33 draining veins were observed, and single draining vein was found in 10 cases, multiple veins in 16 cases.Conclusion 64-slice subtraction angiography can remove the inference of cranial bones and clearly demonstrate the feeding arteries, malformed vascular nests, draining veins, potentially providing a reliable evidence for therapeutic planning and postoperative follow-up.

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Pomona (S. Pomona).

METHODSAntimicrobial susceptible testing (AST) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) methods were used to analyze on S. Pomona strains that were isolated from diarrhea cases through the diarrhea network monitoring program, environment and food samples in Shanghai as well as from reptiles in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

RESULTS4 553 clinic Salmonella (S.) strains were isolated from the Shanghai network laboratories from 2005 to 2012. The top 10 serotypes would include 20 serotypes all belonged to A-F groups, while S. Pomona was next to S. Wandsworth, according to the non- A-F groups. Young children seemed to be susceptible to S. Pomona, and might cause bloody stools and super-infection. The top 10 serotypes from 1 805 foodborne Salmonella strains were significantly more extensive than those from the human S. Pomona strains, followed by those rare serotypes which were mostly isolated from turtle, sea-shellfish and reptiles. Antibiotic resistance of S. Pomona strains from other sources were significantly more severe than those from human samples, and belonged to A and B clones by means of PFGE. Clone A strains were non-epidemic strains which showed multi-drug resistance (MDR) to antimicrobials. Clone B was the main epidemic-causing strain that not resistant to drugs, which consisting B- I from young-age-groups and B-II were from the seniors. B-I strains were homologous to those from shellfish, tortoises and lizards, while B-II strains only showing homology to those from shellfish. One S. Pomona strain-MDR, isolated from human was homologous to 8 antimicrobials.

CONCLUSIONS. Pomona was a quite common serotype among those rare serotypes, which showed higher pathogenicity to infants while genetic evolution might take place when comparing them with the strains isolated from the clinics in 2005. Surveillance programs should be intensified along with the early warnings systems on infections which were from seafood and reptiles.

China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Salmonella Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Salmonella enterica ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Serogroup