Our study was based on the book Theory of Epidemic Heat Syndrome. This book was written by Mr. Shao Dengying of Qing dynasty, who was famous in Qing Dynasty on curing virus infection. We described his unique insights in diagnosis and treatment of epidemic heat syndrome in six aspects: the origin, position of epidemic heat invasion, difference between epidemic heat syndrome and typhus, paying attention to the symptoms of epidemic heat, differentiation and treatment from qi, bloods and stomach, and attaching importance to the stomach Qi and kidney essence etc.

Objective To investigate the effects of surgical operations on different femoral condylar fractures. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on surgical operations of 84 patients with different femoral condylar fractures. The healing of fracture, functional recovery of knee joint and complications were analyzed. Results All the fractures healed in 6 to 12 months. According to Karlstrom's knee function score system, 48 knees were rated as excellent, 20 good, 13 fair, and 3 poor. The total good and excellent rate was 80.9%. Conclusions Anatomical reduction, secure fixation, timely treatment of complicated damage, and early rehabilitation exercise are important in treatment of femoral condylar fracture. The sustain blade plate is recommendable, because its design suits the anatomical structure of femoral condylar, and it not only provides convenient and stable fixation but also allows early postoperative functional training.

Objective To study the influences of chitosan on swimming time, changes of blood glucose and lactic acid in mice. Methods The test groups were given chitosan by oral administration,and eighteen days later, the swimming time,blood glucose and lactic acid were determined. Results The swimming time of test groups was obviously longer than that of the control group.After thirty-minutes swimming, the elimination of blood lactic acid and the recover of blood glucose were distinctly faster than those of the control group. Conclusion Chitosan had anti-fatigue effect on mice.

BACKGROUND:Umbilical cord blood stem cel s can be differentiated into functional liver cel s in vivo, instead of mature liver cel s in the treatment of liver diseases. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of umbilical cord blood stem cel transplantation on decompensated cirrhosis in rats. METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were enrol ed and given 40%carbon tetrachloride peanut oil to make decompensated cirrhosis models. Eight weeks after modeling, model rats were randomized into control and experimental groups (n=10 per group), and subjected to injection of umbilical cord blood stem cel suspension (2 mL, 1.0×107/L) or cel culture medium (2 mL) via the tail vein, respectively. At 4 weeks after injection, levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, total bilirubin, hyaluronic acid, laminin, procol agen III and type IV col agen were detected;rat liver tissues were sliced for pathological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the albumin level was significantly increased but the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, hyaluronic acid, laminin, procol agen III and type IV col agen decreased significantly in the experimental group (P<0.05). From the pathological view, severity of liver cirrhosis was lower in the experimental group than the control group. Therefore, umbilical cord blood stem cel transplantation can effectively restore the liver function of decompensated cirrhosis in rats.

BACKGROUND:Stem cel transplantation is a promising treatment for advanced liver diseases, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels are a hot topic folowing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. OBJECTIVE:To explore the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels transplantationvia the hepatic artery on advanced liver diseases in rats. METHODS:Forty-five rats were randomized into three groups, 15 rats in each group: control group, model group and transplantation group. Rat models of liver cirrhosis were made in the latter two groups through subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride. Then, 1 mL of CFSE-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels was infusedvia the hepatic artery in the transplantation group, and the same volume of normal saline was infused in the model group. Control group had no treatment. Pathological changes, liver function and degree of hepatic fibrosis were observed in the three groups at 4 weeks after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After transplantation, green fluorescence-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels were seen in the liver of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining showed unclear hepatic lobule structure in the model group with the formation of false lobules, cel cloudy sweling and loose, some degeneration and necrosis, and inflammatory cel infiltration; in the control group, there was nothing abnormal in the liver tissues of rats in the control group; in the transplantation group, the pathological changes of the rat liver were better than those in the model group, but worse than those in the control group. Compared with the model group, the level of serum albumin was higher in the control and transplantation group (P < 0.05), and the levels of bilirubin, aminotransferase and type IV colagen were lower in the control and transplantation group (P < 0.05). Thus, it can be seen that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can improve liver function and reduce liver fibrosis in cirrhotic rats.

Objective To study the method and significance of preserving anterior thoracic nerve(ATN) and intercostobrachial nerve(ICBN) during breast-conserving operation for breast cancer.Methods A total of 382 cases with breast-conserving operation for breast cancer in recent 5 years were reviewed.In 312 cases the opeeration was performed by preserving ATN and ICBN,and in 70 cases the ATN and ICBN were not preserved.The patients were followed-up postoperatively.Results Among the patients whose operation was performed by preserving ATN and ICBN,skin sensation of armpit and upper arm was normal in 80.4%(251/312) and abnormal in 19.6%(61/312) of patients,but in most of them,it recovered in 2-3 months.Among the patients with out preservation of ATN and ICBN,skin sensation was normal in only 16 cases(22.9%),and had varying degrees of abnormal sensation in 54 cases(77.1%).Conclusions Preservation of ATN and ICBN during breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer is feasible,can decrease the incidence of hypoesthesia of axilla and upper arm and atrophy of pectoralis muscles,and the quality of life of patients after operation is improved.

Objective To develop cadres' stress scale for the Chinese people' s armed police forces.Methods Based on the stress theory and principles of the psychometrics,combined with characteristics of armed police forces. The cadres' stress scale was developed by ourselves. 802 cadres were evaluated as samples and statistic the data by item analysis ,factor analysis, reliability and valid analysis. Results The scale included four dimensions: task stress, economy stress, interpersonal stress and development stress. The internal consistency reliability was 0.893 ,the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.812. Retest reliability coefficient was 0.813. The criterion related validity to the stress scale and SCL-90 was good and the correlation coefficient with somatization, anxiety,depression, interpersonal sensitivity was 0. 376,0. 383,0. 396,0. 387 individually (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Cadres stress scale for cadres of Chinese people's armed police forces has good reliability and validity.

Objective To observe the expression of PECAM-1 in colorectal cancer in rat and to explore the mechanism of lymphatic metastasis of tumor. Methods Wistar rats were used to make the animal model of primary colorectal cancer,by using HE staining,the cancer type and progression of cancer were devided.By immunohistochemistry staining,the expression of PECAM-1 in tumor tissue,blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were observed. Results PECAM-1 expression in blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were observed in normal tissue,while its expression on tumor tissue and lymphatic vessels decreased according to the cancer progression.Conclusion PECAM-1 may be involved in the early process of tumor cells adhering to the endothelium;decreased expresson of PECAM-1 on lymphatics may be related with lymphangiogenesis and the opening of endothelial junction of lymphatic vessels.

Objective To study the practical value of 3 dimensional computed tomography on diagnosis of bladder tumor. Methods Fifteen patients with bladder masses were examined by thin layer computed tomography.The results of 3 dimensional reconstructed images were compared with the final diagnosis and the pathological stages. Results According to 3 dimensional reconstructed images,among the 15 cases,12 cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed,and the pathological types were transitional carcinoma.Two cases were diagnosed as benign tumor (leiomyoma),and the other one was colon cancer,which invaded bladder.The accuracy was 100%.The clinical stages were determined.Of the 12 bladder carcinomas,5 was in stage T 1,3 in T 2,3 in T 3 and 1 in T 4.The accuracy of staging was up to 83%(10/12) compared with pathological stages. Conclusions The 3 dimensional reconstructed technology may improve the accuracy of staging of bladder carcinoma,and to provide important evidence for surgery options.

Objective To investigate the relationship between impaired fracture healing and the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor gamma (PPARγ) and core binding factor alpha 1 (Cbfα1) mRNA in the bone marrow of Type 2 diabetic rats.Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group (n=15, normal diet) and an experiment group (n=20, high fat and sucrosum diet). After 8 weeks, one eyeball was culled for blood collection. The experiment group was intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin and the control group received citrate buffer. After another 2 weeks, the other eyeball was culled again to collect blood. The model of distraction osteogenesis in the left tibias of the rats was established. After 14 days, we sacrificed all the rats and collected the blood and left tibias. Both femurs were harvested with germ free. We observed the callus formation in the distraction gap by X-ray and the formation of primary matrix front and microcolumn by histological examination. We observed adipocytes in adjacent bone marrow of left tibia and computed the percentage of adipocytes accounting for the area of bone cavity. We measured the expression of PPARγ and Cbfα1 mRNA in femurs marrow by RT-PCR.Results In the experimental rats, the level of triglyceride was obviously elevated (P＜0.01), so was the total cholesterol (P＜0.05), while the level of fasting blood glucose and serum insulin did not obviously differ (P＞0.05) after 8 weeks. The level of fasting blood glucose and triglyceride was obviously elevated (P＜0.01), and so was the total cholesterol (P＜0.05), while the level of serum insulin was not obviously different in the experiment group after 10 and 12 weeks. Callus formation in the distraction gap was obviously diminished by X-ray in the experimental rats. The array of microcolumn formation was disordered and the area of primary matrix front was catachromasis in the controls by histology examination. The number of adipocytes in both the bone marrow and the percentage of adipocyte accounting for the area of bone cavity increased (P＜0.01) in the experiment group. In the experiment group, the expression of PPARγ mRNA was up-regulated (P＜0.05) while Cbfα1 mRNA was down-regulated (P＜0.05) in double femur marrow. Conclusion Increased expression of PPARγ mRNA and decreased expression of Cbfα1 mRNA in the bone marrow may cause impaired fracture healing in rats with Type 2 diabetes.