ObjectiveThis paper discusses the instructional design of ＂General survey of medical culture＂,to provide the basis for the implementation of the teaching.MethodsThe first round of our teaching situation was concluded,to improve the teaching objectives,content,methods and the content and methods of teaching evaluation.Results The course is a new medical humanities curriculum to improve medical knowledge of the human spirit of nursing students,training the cultural literacy,but the teaching content should be combined with professional features,and teaching evaluation methods should be improved.ConclusionsRigorous designed curriculum,flexible and diverse teaching methods and forms of assessment and suggestions from the students are conducive to the improvement of the course.

Objective To assess the efficiency and safety of the ureteroscope pneumatic lithotripsy (UBSL) and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for urinary tract calculi,and to guide the clinical practice.Methods Through searching the electronic bibliographic databases,including CNKI,VIPand WANFANG database,and searching published articles by hand to assemble the random clinical trial of ureteroscope pneumatic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for urinary tract calculi.The retrieval articles were all Chinese,and the time was from January 1990 to September 2012.The retrieval results were systematically evaluated.Results Three randomized clinical trials involving 124 patients were analyzed.The results of meta-analysis demonstrated:the clearance rote at one time,the rote of efficiency,the rote of operation one more time all had statistically significant difference between two methods.The incidence of renal pain,and the incidence of hematourine had no significant difference between two methods.Conclusions Ureteroscope pneumatic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for urinary tract calculi can improve the clearance rote and efficiency rote as well as decrease the rate of operation one more time.However,it can not reduce the rate of complication of the operation.

Objective To discuss the efficacy of applying management-by-objectives(MBO) in the hospital-level nursing quality control group.Methods Goals of objective management and assessment details were set by leaders of quality control groups along with the nursing department at the beginning of the year.The nine subordinate groups performed upon the required criteria,completed the quality inspection on time and recorded group activities.At the end of the year,group leaders reported to the hospital-level nursing quality committee and head nurses about their performances,where several major honors were rewarded to the best performing groups.SPSS 17.0 software was used for data statistics.The measurement data were analyzed by paired t test data while enumeration data by chi-square test.Results Scores of assessment items were significantly raised after implementing MBO(P＜0.05).Scores of key items,such as high quality care,emergency management,nursing skill,were increased to (98.1 ± 2.2),(97.7 ±2.7),(99.6±0.6),(96.1 ±2.1)from (93.6 ±2.5)(P=0.009),(93.0 ± 2.6) (P=0.009),(96.2 ± 1.3) (P=0.000) and (89.3 ± 4.5) (P--0.000),respectively.Care complaints were sharply dropped for all inpatient wards while numbers of management innovationand process reengineering were greatly increased (x2=8.884,P=0.031).Condusion Introduction of MBO in the hospital-level nursing quality control group does facilitate the continuous improvement of care quality.

Objective To develop national norms of nursing soft skills, and provide a basis for the evaluation of the nursing soft skills for new nurses.Methods With the stratified cluster sampling, 2816 new nurses were choosed from across China, and nursing soft skills evaluation scale was used to investigate.The general descriptive statistics, reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of sample data were done.Results Developed the total national norms of nursing soft skills for new nurses ( the total soft skills was 150.31 ± 15.47,interpersonal skills was 28.28 ± 3.75, organizational management was 33.74 ± 4.10, self-management was 37.50 ±4.58 ,career sentiment was 28.10 ±3.52 ,cognitive kills was 22.70 ±3.11 ) and established a T-rough and percentiles-rough score conversion tables.The level of nursing soft skills of new nurses was divided into five levels: T-score ＜ 30 was poor for the soft skill, T-score at the 30 to 39 for the somewhat less, T-score at the 40 to 59 for the general level, T-score at 60 to 69 for good,T-score ≥ 70 for the best.Conclusion These norms can be used as evaluating standards of nursing soft skills for new nurses.

Objective To deeply study the soft skills that pediatric nurses should have. Methods 8 pediatric registered nurses were interviewed, the whole interviewing process was fully noted, then the data were analyzed acconting to Colaizzi methods. Results Soft skills that pediatric nurses should have included: affinity, empathy, caring about others, sympathy, communication skills, spirit of contribution, a bridge for com-munication between patients and doctors, resolving conflicts skills, cooperation, seE-regulation, stress manage-ment, emotion management and working achievements. Conclusions Soft skills are very important to pedi-atric nurses, so we need progress it gradually.

Objective The discussion on the strategy for developing nursing human resources was carried out through truthfully understanding the medical managers' experiences of developing nursing human resources. We aimed to supply reference for establishment of policies by relevant government departments. Methods We collected data of 13 medical managers by in-depth interview and took notes (or recording) on the spot. The data were analyzed by Colaizzi's analysis program. Results Two aspects were summarized through reading, analyzing, reflecting, classifying and extracting. One was policy guidance for developing nursing human resource (4 items) and the other was policies and measures for developing nursing human resource (7 items). Conclusions The development of nursing human resource was influenced by many factors. It needs the common efforts by government, society, hospital and nurses.

Objective To compose a scientific, systematic and operative nursing quality evaluation system for neonatal blood exchange transfusion, and to provide a reference for quality control of clinical nursing practice. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted, the related literature was reviewed, and a preliminary Delphi enquiry questionnaire with the frame of structure quality, process quality and outcome quality was ultimately formed. Through Delphi enquiry questionnaires and analytic hierarchy processing method, all the indictors and the weights were affirmed. Results Totally 19 experts participated in the inquiry, the authority coefficients in the 2 rounds were 0.91 and 0.93 respectively, theχ2 test of Kendall′s W coefficients was significance with P<0.01. The nursing quality evaluation system for neonatal blood exchange transfusion was finalized with 3 level-1 indicators, 9 level-2 indicators and 39 level-3 indicators. Conclusions The nursing quality evaluation system developed through this study can provide practical reference to clinical nursing practice.

Objective To explore the construction and application effects of extended care form for children with epilepsy based on Omaha System.Methods Based on Omaha System,the form was established by referring medical records,literature review and three rounds of focus group discussion.From February to June,2016,48 children with epilepsy were selected as the observation group and received routine care as well as management using the form based on Omaha System;from August to December,2015,48 children with epilepsy were selected as the control group and received routine care and follow-up.The effects of intervention and scores of Family Management Measure were compared between two groups.Results Nursing issues in all domains for the observation group 3 months after intervention were lower than those during hospitalization except financial situation (P＜0.05);there was statistically significant difference in scores of knowledge-behavior-status of main nursing issues before and after intervention except cognition and mental health items (P＜0.05).Duration of hospitalization,expenditure,readmission rate,EEG results and scores of FAMM in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The construction and application of the form based on Omaha System can provide references for longterm management for children.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between single and double volume exchange transfusion for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,and to verify whether single volume exchange transfusion had advantages in maintaining homeostasis and reducing blood transfusion related complications.Methods Clinical materials of 86 neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia who received blood exchange transfusion,from December 2013 to December 2014,in the diagnosis and treatment center of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Cases were divided into the single volume group (35 cases,with a blood volume 80-110 mL/kg) and double volume group (51 cases,with a blood volume 150-180 mL/kg) based on blood volume per kilogram of body weight.Comparisons of the homeostasis changes between pre-transfusion and post-transfusion were performed for each group,and the incidence rate of major adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results (1)In the single volume group and double volume group,the average blood exchange transfusion volumes were (98.16 ± 10.75) mL/kg and (157.78 ± 7.37) mL/kg,the exchange rate of bilirubin were (41.68± 8.52) ％ and (50.22 ± 13.14) ％,and the average time for blood transfusion were (85.60 ±18.66) min and(1 1B.22± 24.81)min respectively,and there were statistically significant differences in the exchange rate of bilirubin and average time for blood transfusion between the two groups (P＜0.05).(2)Compared with pre-transfusion,WBC and platelet (PLT)count,levels of serum total bilirubin (TBIL),albumin,serum potassium,serum sodium,serum chlorine,serum calcium and HCO3-,and pH value were significantly decreased after blood exchange transfusion,while RBC count,PT,APTT and blood glucose were significantly increased in the two groups (P＜0.01).Moreover,the changes of blood glucose,PLT and TBIL in the double volume group were more significantly than those in the single volume group,there were statistically significant differences (P＜0.05).No statistically significant difference was found in the rate of major adverse events between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with double blood exchange transfusion therapy,single volume exchange transfusion can significantly decrease plasmic bilirubin level with less change of homeostasis,less blood volume for transfusion and less human resources consumption,its value in clinical application is recognized.

OB JECTIVE To conduct overview of the systematic revi ew（SR）/meta-analysis for the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological interventions for hospitalized neconatal pain ， and to provide evidence-based reference for neonatal pain management. METHODS CNKI，CBM，Wanfang，VIP，PubMed，Embase，the Cochrane Library ，Web of Science ，CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched for SR/meta-analysis of pharmacological interventions for hospitalized neonatal pain. The search period was from Nov. 1st，2016-Nov. 1st，2021. After literature screening and data extraction ，AMSTAR 2 scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included literature ，and GRADE method was used to assess the evidence quality of the outcome of the include d literature . A su mmary analysis was then conducted. RESULTS Totally 36 outcome indexes of 7 SR/ meta-analysis were included. Five studies were of moderate quality，and two were very poor according to AMSTAR 2 scale. GRADE results showed that among 36 outcome indexes，there were 7 moderate-quality indexes （19.44％），low-quality indexes （61.11％），and 7 critically-low-quality indexes （19.44％）. The main reason for downgrading the quality of evidence was impr ecision of results （71.74％）. CONCLUSIONS Opioids c an significantly reduce t he pain score of mechanically ventilated neonates but may increase hypotension. Acetaminophen can significantly reduce pain scores during eye examinations and postoperative morphine consumption with no adverse reaction report. However ，its analgesic effect on procedural pain is less than glucose and sucrose. Lidocaine and prilocaine and tetracaine may relieve venipuncture and lumbar puncture pain but lidocaine and prilocaine may increase the risk of adverse reaction. Clonidine can reduce neonatal mechanical ventilation pain with no adverse reaction report. It is suggested that neonatal pediatricians should use analgesic drugs selectively based on clinical judgment and pain assessment results.