Recent important applications of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in biological samples analysis are reviewed.The sample preparation,sample introduction techniques,interference correction and typical applications are introduced in detail with 154 references.

Aim To isolate cancer stem cells from human pan-creatic cancer cell line L3. 6pl and to identify their biological characteristics. Methods L3. 6pl cells were cultivated in com-mercial low adhesion plate with serum-free stem cell culture me-dium ( MEM/F12 1:1 ) supplemented with B27. The cancer stem cells reformed into floating spheres were isolated. The method of tumor sphere formation was used to isolate/enrich and characterize the cancer stem cells in pancreatic carcinoma cell line L3. 6pl. Cancer stem cell spheres were collected and sorted using magnetic cell sorting ( magnetic activated cell sorting, MACS) technology, with the cell surface markers of CD24 +CD44 + ESA+. Self-renewal and EMT-related oncogene expres-sion were measured with Western blot. Cancer stem cells differ-entiation potential and the expression of cancer stem cell related signs were checked with Immunofluorescence assay. To deter-mine tumorigenesis in vivo, Xenograft assay in NOD-SCID mice were performed respectively, then immunohistochemistry proto-oncogene c-Met and RON expression were also checked. West-ern blot was used to detect the changes of stemness relative tran-scriptional factors and epithelial markers expressed in spheres before and after differentiation. Drug resistance of pancreatic cancer stem cells to gemcitabine or paclitaxel was measured with MTT assay. Results CD24 + CD44 + ESA+ cells were signifi-cantly tumorigenic, and cultured in serum-free conditions to form spheroids, which had the characteristics of stem cells with self-renewal, EMT and drug-resistant capabilities, and had a posi-tive correlation with the c-Met, RON protein expression. Con-clusion Human pancreatic stem cells are successfully isolated, which provides a useful model for individualized therapy and e-valuation of the therapeutic efficacy for pancreatic cancer pa-tients.

The structure and size of the chloroplast genome of Castanopsis hystrix was determined by Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform to understand the difference between C. hystrix and the chloroplast genome of the same genus, and the evolutionary position of C. hystrix in the genus, so as to facilitate species identification, genetic diversity analysis and resource conservation of the genus. Bioinformatics analysis was used to perform sequence assembly, annotation and characteristic analysis. R, Python, MISA, CodonW and MEGA 6 bioinformatics software were used to analyze the genome structure and number, codon bias, sequence repeats, simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and phylogeny. The genome size of C. hystrix chloroplast was 153 754 bp, showing tetrad structure. A total of 130 genes were identified, including 85 coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. According to codon bias analysis, the average number of effective codons was 55.5, indicating that the codons were highly random and low in bias. Forty-five repeats and 111 SSR loci were detected by SSR and long repeat fragment analysis. Compared with the related species, chloroplast genome sequences were highly conserved, especially the protein coding sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. hystrix is closely related to the Hainanese cone. In summary, we obtained the basic information and phylogenetic position of the chloroplast genome of red cone, which will provide a preliminary basis for species identification, genetic diversity of natural populations and functional genomics research of C. hystrix.
Phylogeny ; Genome, Chloroplast ; Codon/genetics* ; Genomics ; Chloroplasts/genetics*