Objective To reestablish cell polarity of hepatocytes cultured in vitro.Methods Sandwich configuration was used to culture hepatocytes. The morphology as well as specific plasma proteins were compared with a single collagen configuration.Results In sandwich configuration hepatocytes were arranged in single cell plate, and the gradual development of bile canaliculi like structures and an anastomotic network were observed over the course. Histochemical immunolocation revealed that membrane proteins were distributed specifically. Hepatocytes in single collagen configuration showed hardly any hepatic plate like structure,and the distribution of specific plasma protein was not formed. Conclusions Sandwich cultured hepatocytes reestablished cell polarity structurally and regained the characteristics of hepatocytes in situ.

Objective To develop a new culture system in which hepatocytes can restore in-vivo like function. Methods Sandwich configuration was used for the culture of hepatocytes, and protein synthesis as well as P 450-b ,albumin mRNA expression by in situ hybridization was studied. ResultsStable and gradually increasing protein synthesis and high level of P 450-b , albumin mRNA expression were observed. In contrast, protein secretion of hepatocytes cultured in conventional single collagen culture system was low and decreased until approximately zero seven days after, and mRNA expression of P 450-b ,albumin was low. Conclusions Sandwich configuration in which cell polarity of hepatocytes is reestablished like in vivo situation.

For a matured digestive surgeon,pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is regarded as one of the most complicated and technically challenging surgical procedure.Based on the accurate interpretation of patient's preoperative imageologic data,we advocate a novel procedure which is called as G-path pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (G-path PPPD).We deen G-path PPPD as a standardized procedure for resectable pancreatic head cancer or periampullary carcinoma,which definitely simplify the procedure,save the operative time,achieve R0 resection through en-bloc resection without interruptedly intraoperative exploration and reduce the risk of iatrogenic tumor metastasis.This article introduced the program of G-path PPPD in detail by taking a patient as an example who suffered from pancreatic head cancer accompanied with obstructive jaundice,and discussed the relevant points.

AIM　To investigate the effect of hydroxyl camptothecinum(HCPT) on pharmocokinetics of cyclosprine A(CsA) and the membrane lipid fluidity (LFU)of red cell in rabbits. METHODS　The whole blood concentration of CsA in rabbits was monitored using method of FPIA. The LFU of red cell was measured using method of DPH fluorescence polarization technique. RESULTS　The pharmocokinetic parameters of CsA in group CsA+HCPT such as a,V(c),K12 and CL(s) were significantly lower and T1/2(a) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than in group CsA. The concentration of CsA of group CsA+HCPT was higher after injection 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 h, but have significantly high at 1.0 h point (P<0.05). After injection 0.5,1.0, 1.5 h the LFU of red cell in group CsA+HCPT was higher than in group CsA (P<0.05). The LFU in group CsA was lower that in control at 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 h point (P<0.05). CONCLUSION　HCPT can enhance the whole blood concentration of CsA in rabbits. CsA administrated with HCPT is feasible.

Objective To explore the effect of ulinastatin on coagulation function of elderly patients after hip replacement.MethodsTotally 120 patients undergoing elective hip replacement in our hospital were chosen.According to the stratified randomization method, all patients were divided into observation group and control group with 60 in each.The control group received oral Xarelto combined with other conventional treatment, while the observation group received ulinastatin on the basis of the treatment regimen of the control group.The coagulation parameters and clinical manifestations were compared between two groups.ResultsTwo days after operation, the TT, APTT, PT, DD and FIB between the two groups showed statistically significant difference (t=-5.300,-2.319,-2.409,-2.325,-3.567;P<0.05).The hospital stay,CRP,TXB2 and total drainage volume in observation group 5d after operation were lower than those in control group, between the two groups showed statistically significant difference (t=-2.529,-2.082,-3.388,-2.887;P<0.05).The patients with elevated blood urea and serum creatinine in observation group were obviously less than that of control group, but the patients with nausea in observation group were obviously higher than those in control group,between the two groups showed statistically significant difference (χ2=5.217,5.926,8.571;P<0.05).The patients with deep vein thrombosis in observation group were obviously higher than those in control group,between the two groups showed statistically significant difference (χ2=8.571, P<0.05).ConclusionUlinastatin can significantly improve the hypercoagulable state of patients after hip replacement and reduce the incidence of deep vein thrombosis, and plays an important role in promoting wound healing and immunity recovery.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with ulinastatin on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing resection of gastrointestinal tumor. Methods A total of 180 elderly patients (97 males,83 females,aged 65-80 years,ASA grade Ⅱ orⅢ)who underwent laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal tumor,were randomized into four groups (n =45 each):dexmedetomidine group (group D),ulinastatin group (group U),dexmedetomidine+ulinastatin group (group DU)and control group (group C).Patients in group D were given a loading dosage of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg intravenously 1 5 min before the induction of general anesthesia,followed by a continuous infusion of 0.3 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 ,and dexmedetomidine was ad-ministered till 40 min before the end of surgery.Patients in the group U were given a loading dosage of ulinastatin 10 000 U/kg intravenously in 20 min.In group DU,dexmedetomidine and ulinastatin were administered in accordance in group D and group U respectively.Patients in group C were given 0.9% saline solution.The volume of blood loss,the time of operation and recovery,the adverse reac-tions after surgery were recorded.The concentration of dopamine (DA),adrenaline (AD),norepi-nephrine (NE)were measured within the preoperative 1 d (T0 ),within the first hour of surgery (T1 ),within the postoperative 1 d (T2 ),2 d (T3 ),3 d (T4 ).The confusion assessment method Chi-nese reversion (CAM-CR)was used to screen POD on T0 ,T2-T4 .Results The levels of DA,AD and NE in the group C and group U at T1-T4 significantly elevated than those at T0 (P <0.05);the levels of DA at T1 and the levels of AD at T1 ,T2 in group D and group DU significantly elevated than those at T0 (P <0.05).The levels of DA,AD at T3 ,T4 and the levels of NE at T1-T4 in group D and group DU were significantly reduced compared with those in the group C and group D (P <0.05 ). Compared with the group C,the incidence of POD was significantly reduced in the group D,group U and group DU (P <0.05).Among the three groups (D,U and DU),the difference were not statisti-cally significant in the incidence of POD.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine or ulinastatin may reduce the rate of POD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal tumor.Compared with the administration of ulinastatin or dexmedetomidine alone,combined application of dexmedeto-midine and ulinastatin does not reduce the incidence of POD.

AIM To investigate the effect of hydroxyl camptothecinum(HCPT) on pharmocokinetics of cyclosprine A(CsA) and the membrane lipid fluidity (LFU)of red cell in rabbits. METHODS The whole blood concentration of CsA in rabbits was monitored using method of FPIA. The LFU of red cell was measured using method of DPH fluorescence polarization technique. RESULTS The pharmocokinetic parameters of CsA in group CsA+HCPT such as a, V (c), K 12 and CL (s) were significantly lower and T 1/2(a) was significantly higher ( P

OBJECTIVE　To study the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin-methane sulfonic acid (LF-MSA)in 8 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after administration 400 mg orally.METHODS　The concentrations of LF-MSA in serum were measured by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic paramters were obtained using 3P97 program.RESULTS　The results showed that a one-compartment model with 1 st order absorption were fitted for LF-MSA.The average values of tmax was 1.22 h.The concentrations of LF-SA in serum was (4.52±0.72) mg*L-1.The mininal concentrations of LF-AS at 24 hr after a single dose was (0.52±0.26) mg*L-1.The average area under the curve was (48.35±5.38) mg*h*L-1.The elimination half-life was (6.49±1.70) h.The apparent volume of distribution was (77.48±8.33)L.CONCLUSION　According to our study,it was suggested that 400 mg twice daily may be given in order to maintain the concentrations of LF-SA in serum around 24 hours above the minimal concentrations of bactericide.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin gallate ( EGCG ) for PC12 cells induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ( MPP+ ) and activating nuclear factor-related factor 2 ( NRF2 ).Methods Well differentiated PC12 cells treated with MPP+ were used as the in vitro cell models,and PC12 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of EGCG.MTT assay was used to investigate the cell viability.Western blot was used to observe the expression of NRF2 in cells and distribution in the nucleus and the cytoplasm.Real-time PCR was used to observe the antioxidant enzymes,HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression.Results Pretreatment of PC12 cells with different concentrations of EG CG for an hour could restore cell viability.Western blot showed that expression of NRF2 in cells treated with MPP+ for 24 hours was increased 148％ +5％ compared with the control group (t =6.102,P ＜0.01 ).The level of NRF2 in EGCG pretreated group was 188％ + 6％ compared with the control group(t =11.172,P ＜0.01 ).Moreover the NRF2 protein level in the nuclear was also increased.Western blot showed that the NRF2 protein level in the nuclear was 258％ +2％ compared with the control group (t =21.995,P ＜ 0.01 ).Further research found U 120,an inhibitor of ERK,could inhibit the effect of EGCG.The levels of NRF2 in both samples were 148％ ± 15％ and 158％ ± 1％ compared with their respective control groups(t =6.118,8.058,both P ＜0.01 ).In accordance with the NRF2 data,real-time PCR indicated that the levels of HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression increased obviously in the group pretreated with EGCG.Likewise,U120 could also inhibit HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression induced by EGCG.Conclusions EGCG can repair oxidative damage to PC12 cells induced by MPP+.The protective effect may be related through the ways to activate ERK-NRF2 and induce downstream of antioxidant enzyme expression,such as HO-1 and NQO1.

Objective To evaluate the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ) in the neuronal damage induced by lidocaine.Methods SH-SY5Y cells were seeded in 96-well plates (100 μl/hole) with a density of 5 × 105/ml and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =63 each):normal culture group (C group),CaMK Ⅱ inhibitor KN93 (K group),lidocaine group (L group) and KN93 + lidocaine group (KL group).KN93 (final concentration 1 μmol/L) was added to the culture medium and the cells were then cultured for 24 h in group K.Lidocaine (final concentration 10 mmol/L) was added to the culture medium and the cells were then cultured for 24 h in group L.KN93 (final concentration 1 μmol/L) and lidocaine (final concentration 10 mmol/L) were added to the culture medium and the cells were then cultured for 24 h in group KL.The cell morphology was examined with microscope after 24 h of incubation.The viability of cells was measured by MTT assay before incubation and at 1,6,12 and 24 h of incubation.The apoptosis in the cells was assessed by flow cytometry.The apoptotic rate was calculated.Results Compared with C and K groups,the cell viability was significantly decreased and the apoptotic rate was increased in L and KL groups (P ＜ 0.05).The cell viability was significantly higher and the apoptotic rate was lower in group KL than in group L (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the cell viability and apoptotic rate between C group and K group (P ＞ 0.05).The pathological changes were obviousin group L and significantly reduced in group KL.Conclusion CaMK Ⅱ is involved in the neuronal damage induced by lidocaine.