Objective To investigate the expression of programmed cell death-1(PD-1)ligands on HepG2 cell and 2.2.15 cell.Methods Culture HepG2 cell and 2.2.15 cell in vitro and stain the cells with fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibodies specifically against PD-L1 and PD-L2,respectively.Isolate total RNA of HepG2 cell and 2.2.15 cell and detect the mRNA expressions of PD-L1 and PD-L2 by RT-PCR.Results The expression of PD-L1 on 2.2.15 cell was upregulated on the levels of both proteins and mRNA.The expression of PD-L2 in 2.2.15 cell was not detected.And neither the PD-L1 nor PD-L2 was detected in HepG2 cell.Conclusion HBV infection can upregulate the expression of PD-L1 on hepatocyte,which might contribute to the immune evasion of HBV.

Objective To understand information of initial sexual behavior age of females in Linxiang district of Yunnan province and investigate HPV and HPV vaccine awareness of rural women ,health workers and government staff .Methods During Decem-ber 2009 to December 2010 ,750 cases aged from 15 to 59 years included rural women ,government officials and medical staff in Linxiang district were randomly selected and investigated .Results The age of first sex was (22 .4 ± 2 .3) years old .The number of sexual partners was (1 .2 ± 0 .3) and proportion of premarital sex was low (8 .8% ) .HPV vaccine awareness of rural women was 8 .59% .The proportion of people who knew HPV vaccine could prevent cervical cancer was 6 .57% .The proportion of people who wanted to be vaccinated was 97 .66% .The cost of HPV vaccine which rural women could accept was 300 yuan .Conclusion Women in Linxiang area of Yunnan province have less premarital sex and lack of awareness in HPV .

The clinical features of 120 severe cases with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) were retrospectively analyzed compared with those of the regular cases. Clinical data showed that the age of mostsevere cases ranged from 1-3 years. Sustained high fever ( 55% ) , hypertension ( 40% ) , fewer rash (73.3%) were important clinical features. Lethargy, somnolence or restlessness (70. 8% ), vomiting (30. 8% ) were early signs of central nervous system ( CNS) ; and the CNS involvement in severe cases was characterized by body trembling or muscle spasm (80% ). High white cell count(75. 8% ) and high blood glucose levels(32. 5% ) were important makers to diagnose the severe HFMD at early stage. There were significant differences in presentation of above features between severe cases and regular cases of HFMD ( P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05 ) . Early treatment with mannitol, gamma globulin and glucocorticoids were effective, no death was reported and no side effects were found in this case series.

Aim To explore the role of Rho-kinase in remote ischemic postcondi-tioning and its possible mechanism.Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups(n=6): sham group(Sham), ischemia/reperfusion group(I/R), remote ischemic postconditioning group(RIPostC), I/R with Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil group(I/R+Fas) and RIPostC with Rho-kinase activator lysophosphatidic acid group(RIPostC+LPA).Throughout the whole process of experiment, mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate(HR) and Ⅱ lead electrocardiogram were continuously monitored.At the end of the reperfusion, plasma creatine kinase(CK) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were measured.Myocardial histopathologic changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining.Infarct size was measured using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining.The expressions of phospho-myosin light chain(p-MLC) were detected with Western blot analysis.Results Compared with Sham group, the MAP and HR of other groups decreased, while the amplitude of ST segment increased.Compared with I/R group, MAP and HR increased, the amplitude of ST segment decreased, plasma CK and LDH activity decreased, myocardial pathological morphology and infarct size were improved significantly, infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced, and the expression of p-MLC decreased in RIPostC and I/R+Fas group.Compared with RIPostC group, RIPostC+LPA group attenuated the effects of RIPostC, and the recovery of the above indicators were inhibited.Conclusion Rho-kinase signaling pathway might mediate remote ischemia postconditioning against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility,safety and efficacy of laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Sixty-eight cases of liver cancer lesions were underwent laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation,and their postoperative recovery state,focal necrosis rate were observed.Results All the 68 cases were successfully performed operation,114 lesions were treated including 20 missed lesions at preoperative imaging diagnosis.There were no serious postoperative complications,the average hospital stay was (2.5 ± 1.2) days,focal necrosis rate 3 months after operation was 85.9％,lesion recurrence rate 6 months after operation was 12.2％,the 1-year survival rate was 76.47％.Conclusions Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma has high security,few complications,short hospital stay and remarkable clinical effects.It's well worth clinical outreach.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the preventive methods of hepatitis B virus reinfection after liver transplantation. METHODS Eighty eight liver transplantation recipients with HBV-related end-stage liver diseases including chronic fulminant hepatitis B,end-stage liver cirrhosis and liver carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively,and were given lamivudine pre-transplantation to prevent hepatitis B virus reinfection.Post-transplantation medicines of lamivudine were administered in 3 cases;lamivudine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIg) in 85 cases.The follow-up criteria included serum HBV,HBV-DNA,liver biopsy,immunohistochemical study of liver biopsy specimens and clinical manifestations.All of patients were followed-up 6 months at least.RESULTS Two of the three cases who taken lamivudine developed reinfection,the little time is 6 months following liver transplantation.There were three of eighty five cases taken lamicudine and HBIg(small dosage) developed reinfection.CONCLUSIONS Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for HBV-related end-stage liver diseases.Given lamivudine at the pre-transplantation could reduce the levels of the HBV virus copies.Lamivudine and HBIg post-transplantation offer effective prevention against hepatitis B virus reinfection.

Objective To optimize plan for right lobe living donor hepatectomy based on the territorial volume drained by the middle hepatic vein (MHV) as shown by preoperative MR image in donors.Methods Utilizing preoperative MR dynamic enhancement scanning image,virtually plot three types of hepatic parenchyma transsection plane based on the variation of including MHV for right lobe graft procurement. Results From June 2006 to May 2010,65 adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantations was performed at General Hospital of Chinese PLA,in which there were 43 grafts including MHV (66.2％,43/65 ), eight grafts including partial MHV which was dissected before the V4b abouchement ( 12.3％,8/65) and 14 grafts not including MHV (21.5％,14/65). There was no postoperative death in donors and the postoperative complications developed in 10.76％ (7/65). The recipients' perioperative mortality was 7.69％ (5/65). Ttwenty-one complications developed in 18 recipients,and the morbidity was 32.31％. The cumulative survival rates were 86％,77％ and 68％respectively for 1,2 and 3 years. Conclusions The optimizing liver resection plane could be practically designed preoperatively for right lobe graft procurement based on the territorial volume drained by MHV.

Objective: To study the protective effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS) on leukopenia induced by benzene. Methods: 90 Healthy male ICR mice, adaptive feeding 5 days later, 15 were randomly divided into blank control group、model group、low、middle、high dose DAS intervention groups and DAS control group. Mice in intervention groups and DAS control group were orally given DAS at 40, 80, 160, 160 mg/kg·bw, while mice in the other two groups received an equal volume of corn oil. After 2 hours, model group and the other three intervention groups were given benzene, corn oil suspension (1.3 g/kg·bw) , the two control groups treated with the same volume of corn oil, Benzene and DAS are dissolved in corn oil. one time for each day. 4 weeks later, Anesthesia at 14/29, make blood routine examination and count organ index and observe pathological examinations of spleen and thymus. Results: On day 14, the counts of peripheral blood white blood cells (WBC) , lymphocytes, monocytes in the model group decreased to 68.99%, 71.72%, 53.19% (P<0.05) ; On day 29, the counts of peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils in the model group decreased to 83.00%, 81.03%, 89.37%, 20.84%, 19.25% (P<0.05) ; spleen weight, spleen index, white pulp area ratio of spleen, thymus weight, thymus index, thymic cortex area ratio of mice in the model group decreased (P<0.05) . On day 14, the counts of peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes in the DAS high dose intervention group increased by 136.36%, 260.00% (P<0.05) ; On day 29, the counts of White blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin in the DAS low, middle and high dose intervention groups increased (P<0.05) ; spleen weight, spleen index, white pulp area ratio of spleen, thymus weight, thymus index, thymic cortex area ratio of mice in the DAS high dose intervention groups increased (P<0.05) . Conclusion DAS can effectively suppress benzene-induced leucopenia in mice.

Objective: To find out a method to determine the pyrrole adducts in the hairs. Methods: Collected the hair from common people and rats, defatted after completely washed, steeped the hair in different concentration of 2, 5-hexandione to build hair model containing pyrrole adducts; dissolved the hair and determined the concentration of pyrrole adducts. Results: (1) . The combination of 0.72 mol/L of sodium hydrate and 2% tyrisin could dissolve the hair, and the digestion liquid could react with the Ehrlich's reagent showing fuchsia color; (2) . The color could maintain longer after adding more ethanol; (3) . More pyrrole adducts would be produced by the increasing the concentration of 2, 5-dihexandione (P<0.01) ; (4) . Concentration of pyrrole adducts in n-hexane treated hair showed no difference compared with control (P>0.05) . Conclusion the method could be used to determine the concentration of pyrrole adducts in hair exposed to n-hexane

Objective: To investigate the antagonistic effect of diallyl sulfide (DAS) against peripheral nerve injury induced by n-hexane in rats. Methods: A total of 68 adult male Wistar rats were selected, among which 50 were randomly selected and divided into blank control group, DAS control group (100 mg/kg·bw) , n-hexane model group, low-dose DAS intervention group (50 mg/kg·bw) , and high-dose DAS intervention group (100 mg/kg·bw) . A rat model of peripheral nerve injury was established by n-hexane exposure, and the rats were treated with DAS at different doses. The changes in pyrrole adducts and behavior were observed, a metabolic analysis was performed for serum pyrrole adducts, and the intervention effect was evaluated. The remaining 18 rats were randomly assigned to the n-hexane model group, the low-dose DAS intervention group, and the high-dose DAS intervention group, with 6 rats in each group, as satellite groups used for the toxicokinetic analysis of serum pyrrole adducts. Results: Compared with the blank control group, the n-hexane model group and low-and high-dose DAS intervention groups had a significant reduction in body weight since week 2 (P<0.01) . Compared with the n-hexane model group at the end of the experiment at week 7, the high-dose DAS intervention group had a significantly higher body weight (P<0.05) , while there was no significant difference in body weight between the n-hexane model group and the low-dose DAS intervention group (P>0.05) . The n-hexane model group developed gait abnormality at week 2 of poisoning, while the low-and high-dose DAS intervention groups developed gait abnormality at weeks 3 and 5 of poisoning, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the n-hexane model group and the low-and high-dose DAS intervention groups had a significantly higher gait score than the blank control group (P<0.01) . At the end of the experiment, the n-hexane model group and the low-dose DAS intervention group had significantly shorter latency in rotarod test than the blank control group (P<0.01) , while there was no significant difference in latency between the DAS control group and the high-dose DAS intervention group (P>0.05) . Compared with the n-hexane model group, the low-and high-dose DAS intervention groups had a significant increase in latency in rotarod test (P<0.01) . Compared with blank control group, the n-hexane model group and the low-dose DAS intervention group had a significant increase in mean nerve conduction velocity (P<0.01) , while there was no significant difference between the blank control group and the DAS control group or high-dose DAS intervention group (P>0.05) , and compared with the n-hexane model group, the low-and high-dose DAS intervention groups had a significant increase in nerve conduction velocity (P<0.01) . Compared with the blank control group at the end of the experiment at week 7, the n-hexane model group and the low-and high-dose DAS intervention groups had significant increases in the concentration of pyrrole adducts in serum, urine, and hair (P<0.01) , while there was no significant difference between the blank control group and the DAS control group (P>0.05) , and the high-dose DAS intervention group had a significantly lower concentration of pyrrole adducts in serum, urine, and hair than the low-dose DAS intervention group (P<0.05) . Serum pyrrole adducts reached the peak level at 9-12 hours and then started to decrease. Compared with the n-hexane model group, the high-and low-dose DAS intervention groups had a significantly shorter half-life period of serum pyrrole adducts (P<0.01) . Compared with the n-hexane model group, the high-and low-dose DAS intervention groups had a significant reduction in the area under the curve of serum pyrrole adducts (P<0.05) . Conclusion DAS can antagonize peripheral nerve injury induced by n-hexane.