OBJECTIVE: To introduce the research progression of fMRI in brain functional localization in China or abroad in the recent 15 years, so as to further comprehend the effect and value of fMRI.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken to identify English articles about fMRI published from 1990 to 2005 with the keywords "functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), brain".STUDY SELECTION: The articles about experimental studies of fMRI articles irrelative to motor function, sensory function, hearing function, visuEnglish title.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 6 144 relevant articles were collected, 18 articles were involved according to the inclusive criteria, and the others were excluded. cles about sensory function, including 1 about simple tactile stimulation,ry function, including 2 about simple visual stimulation, and 1 about binoction, including about hearing stimulation by various methods, and 1 about comparison between normal and abnormal subjects by the same stimulation.language function, 1 about visual language function, and 1 about listening basic principle.CONCLUSION: fMRI was more accurate, convenient and direct than other methods. It can not only show localization, size and dimension of the activated areas in different cerebral regions, but also show accurate anatomical position. Many aspects still need to be consummated, for example, exploration of the stimulating method, design of advanced hardware, post processing of the image and the effect of visualization. With the development of hardware, software and the endless endeavor of scientists, fMRI dooms to play an important role in illustrating the function of human brain.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of lateral osteotomy via the supra-fibular-head approach combined with lateral locking plating for simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.Methods From January 2014 to February 2017,11 patients with simple posterolateral tibial plateau fracture were treated at Department of Orthopaedics,General Hospital of Middle Military Command of PLA.They were 8 males and 3 females,aged from 21 to 55 years (average 41.8 years).In all of them the supra-fibular-head approach was used for lateral osteotomy according to the size and orientation of the fracture block.After the fracture was reset,a full bone graft was implanted under direct visualization,followed by fixation of the posterolateral bone mass with a lateral locking plate which was placed as far as possible above the fibular head.The patients were encouraged 6 weeks after surgery to do knee functional exercise within 90°.The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated at the final follow-up according to the Rasmussen's criteria for knee functions.Results The average operative time was 74 minutes (from 55 to 90 minutes);the average intraoperative blood loss was 70 mL (from 40 to 120 mL).All the patients were followed up for 12 to 35 months (average,17.5 months).No neurovascular injury or incision infection was observed.Bony union was achieved in all patients after 10 to 15 weeks (average,12.5 weeks).Follow-ups found no implant loosening/breakage,genu valgum,genu varum,fracture redisplacement,or knee instability.According to the Rasmussen's function evaluation of the knee joint,10 cases were rated as excellent and one as good.Conclusion Lateral osteotomy via the supra-fibular-head approach combined with lateral locking plating is a preferred treatment for simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a condition characterized by rap id eye movement sleep without atonia and with complex behaviors associated with dreams.Numerous studies have revealed that idiopathic RBD is the prodromal manifestation of neurodegenerative disorders,especially those mediated by α-synuclein.The structural and functional imaging of RBD,including transcranial sonog raphy (TCS),MRI,SPECT,PET,are increasingly becoming the hot issues.This review summarizes the radionuclide imaging in RBD,which may be one of the most promising modalities to detect the biomarkers for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of navigation-guided hollow screw fixation on the treatment of elderly patients with the sacroiliac complex injury.Methods Twentyone older patients with sacroiliac complex injury received the three-dimensional images-guided percutaneous hollow screw fixation from March 2015 to May 2016.There were 14 males and 7 females with age of 60-73 years[average(63.5 ± 3.7) years].Traffic accident injury was found in 15 cases,falling injury in 5 cases,others in one case.The pelvic fractures were classified by tile classification:type B2 in 2 cases,type B3 in 6 cases,type C1 in 5 cases,type C2 in 6 cases,type C3 in 2 cases.Intraoperative observation data,the injury of nerve and blood vessel during the screw insertion,postoperative fracture reposition and so on were recorded.The quality of fracture reposition was evaluated by Matta radiological criteria after surgery,and the pelvic function was assessed by Majeed scoring criteria at the last follow-up.Results A total of 30 hollow screws in 21 elderly patients were placed under three-dimensional images navigation,and each screw fixation time was 36-45 min,average (40.5±4.7)min with a small amount of bleeding (10-20)ml.Postoperative examinations showed that S1 vertebral cortical bone screw wear was found in one patient,and the end of the bolt washer was internalized into the outer table of the ilium without breaking the medial iliac plate in another patient.The above two patients had no postoperative complications.Other screws positions were good,without nerve or vascular injury and other complications.Postoperative reposition quality evaluated by the Matta radiological criteria showed that 14 cases had excellent quality,five with good quality,two with fair quality,and no case with poor quality.Therefore,the excellent and good rates were 90.5 ％.Moreover,19 elderly patients were followed up for 7-13 months average(10.3± 2.1)months,and only one patient showed the bilateral sacroiliac joint screws outside the lateral sacroiliac joint 5 mm.However,this patient had good function in the later follow-up without further prolapse.The remaining 18 patients assessed by the pelvic X-ray and CT at the end of the follow-up showed a good fracture healing,no screw breakage,loosening,and prolapse.Meanwhile,pelvic function findings evaluated by the Majeed standard demonstrated that nine cases were with excellent function,ten with good function,and the excellent and good rates were 90.5％.Conclusions Three-dimensional images-guided hollow screw fixation for the treatment of elderly patients with the sacroiliac complex injury is safe and effective with less trauma and high nailing accurateness.However,the placing process should be cautious in the elderly with osteoporosis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of modified fluoroscopic monitoring in the treatment of acetabular anterior column fractures with percutaneous retrograde screw fixation under computer-assisted 3D navigation.Methods:A retrospective case series analysis was performed on the clinical data of 42 patients with acetabular anterior column fractures admitted to Central Theater Command General Hospital of PLA from December 2013 to December 2016. There were 24 males and 18 females, with the age of 20-61 years [(41.6±12.9)years]. All patients underwent percutaneous retrograde acetabular anterior column screw fixation under computer-assisted 3D navigation. A total of 61 screws were inserted. The observation indexes included the time for insertion of each screw, intraoperative bleeding volume, fluoroscopy time, coincidence rate between intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative imaging, and complications. The D'Aubigné-Postel system was used to evaluate the hip joint function at postoperative 6 months. Fracture healing and complications were detected at postoperative 12 months.Results:All patients were followed up for 9-18 months [(13.1±3.2)months]. Time for insertion of each screw was (18.7±4.8)min, intraoperative bleeding volume was (16.6±3.8)ml, fluoroscopy time was (25.3±10.9)s, and coincidence rate between intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative imaging was 100%. There were no complications such as neurovascular injury, thrombosis, wound infection, heterotopic ossification and long-term pain. Six months after operation, D'Aubigné-Postel function score was (10.7±0.9)points, significantly improved compared with preoperative (8.7±1.6)points ( P<0.05). Two patients (3 screws) had lower limb mobility and two patients (2 screws) had screw loosening. Conclusion:For acetabular anterior column fractures, percutaneous retrograde acetabular anterior column screw placement assisted by 3D navigation is helpful to improve the accuracy of screw insertion, decrease introperative fluoroscopy time, reduce operation risk, improve screw coincidence rate, and therefore improve hip function.