Objective To establish a new method for determination of copper, nickel, silver, lead, cadmium and mercury in water with solid phase extraction followed by rapid high performance liquid chromatography. Methods The copper, nickel, silver, lead, cadmium and mercury ions were pre-column derived by tera-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-porphine (T4-DMAPP). These chelates were enriched by solid phase extraction with C18 cartridge and the 100 times enriched products of were obtained. The chelates were separated on a ZORBAX Stable Bound (4.6 mm?50 mm, 1.8 ?m) by gradient elution with methanol and THF as mobile phase at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min and detected with photodiode array detector from 350-600 nm. Results The detection limits of nickel, copper, silver, lead, cadmium, and mercury were 3, 2, 4, 3, 1.5 and 3 ng/L respectively, the recovery rates were 92%-104%, relative standard deviations were 2.8%-3.5%. Conclusion This method can be applied to the determination of nickel, copper, silver, lead, cadmium, and mercury in water with good results.

Objective: To study the main pharmacodynamics of Zengguang Tablets. Methods: Mice were given Zengguang Tablets orally in dosages of 0.75g/kg and 1.50 g/kg. The celiac macrophage phagocytic function and antibody formation of serum hemolysin (IgM) of mice were determined. The mouse blood vacuity model was established by injecting cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally in the dosage of 80mg/kg. Results: Zengguang Tablets could raise the celiac macrophage phagocytic function of mice and promote the antibody formation of serum hemolysin. Conclusion: Zengguang Tablets has the enhancement on organism immune function.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the correlation between Interntion Normalized Ratio(INR)with concentration of warfarin enantiomer and dose density after cardiac valve replacement. METHODS:The plasma concentration of R-warfarin or S-warfarin, dose of unit weight and INR of 176 patients with anticoagulation after cardiac valve replacement in each time point were moni-tored,and the correlation of INR and warfarin plasma concentration or dose was observed. RESULTS:Doses of all patients in 24-288 h were significantly higher than 0 h,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001),the dose was fluctuated within a certain range after 96 h,and compared with 96 h,there were no significant differences(P>0.05). Average plasma concentration of R-warfarin or S-warfarin had consistent trend,plasma concentration of enantiomers was fluctuated within a certain range after 108 h,there were no significant differences(P>0.05). Compared with 0 h,there was no significant difference when INR was 12 h (P>0.05),it increased significantly in 36 h and had been increasing,then fluctuated within a certain range after 108 h,compared with 108 h,there were no significant differences(P>0.05). The correlation coefficient between INR and unit weight dose of warfa-rin in 60 h>36 h>12 h,it showed correlation(P<0.001). There was certain correlation between plasma concentration of warfarin and dose density in 12,36 and 60 h. CONCLUSIONS:The correlation between plasma concentration of warfarin and unit weight dose is stronger than the correlation between INR and unit weight dose. When combined with other coagulation,it may help to man-age warfarin dose.

Objective To develop user-friendly information education-communication (IEC)materials and guidelines of malaria control for various target groups. Methods The participatory methods were used to make sure participation of target groups at each stages of IEC material development. Results A package consisted of interactive video, 2 posters for primary groups, sto ry booklet for students, manual for activities of "buddy system" for teachers, flipcharts for health staff at grass-root levels, guidelines on communication skill and how to use the first 5kinds of materials, was developed. Conclusion A set of user-friendly IEC materials and guidelines of malaria control has successfully been developed with sufficient participation of target groups.

Objective To improve the precision of the traditional segmentation of echocardiogram, by suppressing the influence from inherent speckle noises in medical ultrasonic images. Method An automatic segmentation method based on reconstructed morphology was proposed in this paper. First, the opening and closing operations by reconstruction were imposed to the ultrasonic image. Second, the top-hat operation was used to extract the bright and/or dark features and to find out the boundaries corresponding to these features, whereby implemented the automatic segmentation. Result The segmented echocardiogram had less artificial boundaries resulted from speckle noise, and could accurately be extracted the artery and ventricle. Conclusion The presented method can detect both dark and bright objects accurately, and the boundary has a fine continuity. In addition, the algorithm is also applicable to the extraction of sole bright/dark features, accordingly to reduce the complexity and time needed and to improve the accuracy.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics and the relative bioavailabi lity of micro-emulsified genistein in rabbits. Methods Rabbits received gastric gavage of micro-emulsified genistein and CMC-Na suspension of genistein. Then the genistein content in rabbit plasma at different time was determined by HPLC ,concentration-time curve was drafted,and the pharmacokinetic parameters and the relative bioavailability were calculated. Results The main parameters of mic ro-emulsified genistein and CMC-Na suspension of genistein were as follows:AU C0→10h being(24.90?1.24)and(10.71?0.86)?g?h?mL-1,Cmax being(4.02?0.20)a nd(0.99?0.04)?g?mL-1,Tmax being 2 h and 4 h,respectively. The relative bio availability of micro-emulsified genistein was 232.49 %. Conclusion Micro-emu lsified genistein system can improve the bioavailability of genistein evidently.

Objective To explore the effect of comorbidities on the surgical outcomes of elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods The Age,gender,weight,type of fracture,preoperative comorbidities and surgical outcomes of 117 patients aged 80 yr or over who undergoing hip fracture surgery in our hospital were recorded. Patients were divided into rehabilitation group and postoperative in-hospital death group ac-cording to surgical outcomes. The potential predictors of postoperative in-hospital death were identified by univariate model and were then entered into multiple Logistic regression analysis. Results Twenty three patients(19. 7%)had no comorbidity,94 patients(80. 3%)had one or more comorbidities. Ten patients(8. 5%)died in hospital after the operation. Predictors of postoperative in-hospital death were preoperative respiratory diseases and three or more comorbidities. Conclusion Surgical outcomes of elderly patients with hip fracture may be predicted by analysing preoperative comorbidities. Preoperative preparations must be sufficient in order to ensure successful operation.

Objective To evaluate the preventive effect of orifices-dredging and stasis-removing therapy on retinal vascular endothelium and optic nerve damage induced by radiation in rats. Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely blank control group, model group and therapy group. Rats in the model group and therapy group were exposed to X-ray radiation once a week for three weeks. Two weeks before the radiation, therapy group was pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of Astragalus injection ( 4.0 g/kg) , Ligustrazine Hydrochloride injection ( 15 mg/kg) and Xingnaojing injection ( 2.5 mL/kg) once a day, blank control group and model group were given intraperitoneal injection of same volume of saline once a day. Before radiation, one day, and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after radiation, we detected the blood concentrations of endothelin-1 ( ET-1) and Von willebrand factor (vWF) in all of the rats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) , and analyzed the dynamic changes and intergroup difference. Demyelination of optic nerve was observed under transmission electron microscope, and demyelination percentage was counted 2, 4, and 6 weeks after irradiation. Results Compared with the blank control group, the blood concentrations of ET-1 and vWF in model group were increased after irradiation (P<0.05) , and the peak value appeared on the fourth week after irradiation. Compared with the model group, the blood concentrations of ET-1 and vWF in the therapy group were decreased weeks 2 after irradiation ( P<0.05) . The demyelination percentage of optic nerve was significantly higher in the model group than that in the blank control group (P<0.05) 2, 4, and 6 weeks after irradiation. Compared with the model group, the demyelination percentage of optic nerve in therapy group showed insignificant changes 2 and 4 weeks after irradiation (P>0.05) , but was decreased obviously 6 weeks after irradiation (P<0.05) . Conclusion Pretreatment with orifices-dredging and stasis-removing therapy can decrease the blood concentrations of ET-1 and vWF in the radiation-induced retinal damage rats, and can reduce the demyelination of optic nerve in irradiated rats.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of short-term intensive statin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS) .Methods A total of 218 ACS patients admitted in Hangzhou First People′s Hospital from March 2013 to July 2013 were enrolled into this study .The patients were randomly assigned to receive atorvastatin 80 mg/d during hospitalization , and 40 mg/night after discharge for one month ( intensive group , n=107 );or receive atorvastin 20 mg during hospitalization and 20 mg/night after discharge for one month ( control group, n =111 ).The biochemical indexes were measured on the admission and after one-month treatment.Results After one-month treatment, the total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol of intensive group were significantly lower , and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than baseline values ( 0.75 ±0.14 ) mmol/L vs.( 1.52 ±0.88 ) mmol/L, P<0.05;(2.21 ±0.78)mmol/L vs.(4.55 ±1.12)mmol/L, P<0.05;(1.76 ±0.31)mmol/L vs.(2.23 ±0.77) mmol/L, P<0.05; (1.15 ±0.34) vs.(1.52 ±0.41) mmol/L, P<0.05.The liver enzymes creatine kinase in intensive group was not significantly changed , but the creatinine levels decreased (82.53 ±23.85)μmol/L vs.(57.81 ±15.27) μmol/L, P<0.05, and the blood homocysteine and ultra-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels also decreased compared with the baseline ( 10.52 ±4.66 ) mmol/L vs.(30.70 ±18.82 ) mmol/L, P <0.05;( 8.06 ±2.68 ) mg/L vs.( 19.75 ±11.91 ) mg/L, P <0.05. Conclusions Short-term intensive statin therapy can effectively reduce blood lipid , cholesterol and homocysteine levels and raise HDL cholesterol levels; also with its anti-inflammatory and renal protective effect the therapy can provide more clinical benefit for patients with ACS .