Objective:To study daily maintenance and quality control of high pressure steam sterilizer in the hospital to provide effective methods and suggestions for medical equipment maintenance.Methods: 6 high-pressure steam sterilizers were selected and divided into three groups according to the brands and the departments which use them, in order to compare the data, analyze equipment failure, improve the maintenance process and control the risks.Results:The equipment failure rate reduced lower than 21% through the improvement of maintenance. And the equipment utilization rate was above 95% through improving personnel training. Conclusion: The pertinence of the medical equipment maintenance and training is of great significance to carrying out effective regular maintenance of equipment by the office personnel, and it can reduce the failure rate and ensure the equipment operate safely.

BACKGROUND:Scholars around the world have attributed to establish the animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) to imitate the IVD pathological manifestations by changing mechanical properties of the intervertebral disc, annulus fibrosus injury, and enzymatic method. OBJECTIVE:To establish the IVD model by nucleus aspiration and partial annulus incision, and to compare the modeling effects of the two methods.METHODS:Twenty 6-month-old New Zealand white rabbits were selected, in which the IVD models were then induced by nucleus aspiration (group A) or partial annulus resection (group B) of surgical y exposed L3-4, L4-5:group A, subjected to annulus puncture with a 16-gauge needle and 10-second negative pressure sunction;group B, about 1/2 part of the annulus (1 mm×2 mm) was cut under microscope, careful not to make a ful-thickness incision. MRI, X-ray examinations and Masson staining were performed at 1, 3, 5, 9, and 13 weeks after modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:X-ray examination:in the group B, the intervetebral space height began to decline in varying degrees at the 1st week postoperatively;in the group A, the intervetebral space height was decreased slightly at postoperative 1 and 3 weeks, and this reduction became obvious since the 5th week. The percentage of intervetebral space height in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group A at 3, 5 and 9 weeks postoperatively (P<0.05). MRI examination:the IVD could be induced by these two methods, and became severer with time, which was classified as grade 4 according to the modified Thompson grading criteria at the 9th week. The IVD degree in the group A was significantly severer than that in the group B at postoperative 1, 3 and 5 weeks (P<0.05). Masson staining showed that the IVD degree became severe with time in both two groups (P<0.05). Both two methods can induce the IVD. Besides, the IVD degree caused by the partial annulus incision is slighter than that of the nucleus aspiration within 5 weeks, and the incision site is a potential target of annulus repair.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the occurrence of bully/victim incidents among children and to explore children's implicit attitudes towards the phenomenon of being bullied.These children were grouped into 4 types,which were the bully children,the victim children,the bully/victim children and the non-involved children,respectively.Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to extract 1 100 pupils from 3 primary schools in Henan area.The 1 100 children were investigated with bully/victim questionnaire (pupil version).Among them,78 children who were involved in bullying(including 30 bully children,18 victim children and 30 bully/victim children) and 29 non-involved children were selected and investigated with implicit association test(IAT).Results 1.Among all the 1 029 effective participants,74 were the bully children,121 were the victim children and 101 were the bully/victim children.The total number of those were in bullying amounted to 296,which meant that about 28.8％ (296/1 029 cases) children were involved in the issue of bullying.2.In general,the subjects showed significant differences between compatible task reaction time (1 324.083 ± 458.373) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 463.963 ± 501.254) ms in IAT (t =3.063,P ＜ 0.01).3.Among the 4 types of children,bully/victim children showed significant differences between compatible task reaction time(1 237.838 ±449.731) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 428.754 ± 539.634) ms in IAT (t =2.301,P ＜ 0.05).Non-involved children also showed significant differences between compatible task reaction time (1 512.389 ± 557.354) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 777.404 ± 441.373) ms in IAT(t =3.129,P ＜ 0.01).4.Bully children didn't show obvious differences between compatible task reaction time (1 304.007 ± 400.530) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 287.236-± 405.017)ms in IAT (t =0.308,P ＞ 0.05).Victim children didn't show obvious differences between compatible task reaction time (1 178.900 ± 280.539) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 292.635 ± 467.531) ms in IAT (t =0.821,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Children's implicit attitudes towards being bullied are negative,considering it as not good.Non-involved children and bully/victim children show more negative implicit attitudes towards being bullied.

BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degenerative disease has not been determined. To establish the ideal animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration is an important approach to study the pathogenesis or treatment of the disease.
OBJECTIVE:To review model selection, modeling method and the advantages and disadvantages of the studies concerning various animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration.
METHODS:We retrieved Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, PubMed database and FMJS database for articles on animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo and in vitro published in recent five years al over the world.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The present literature shows that smal and medium-sized animals are now commonly used animal model. Building methods can be divided into two major categories of in vivo and in vitro models. The in vitro model revealed mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration by the cel or tissue culture from the cel ular and molecular levels. In vivo model, different kinds of physical or chemical methods are used to intervene intervertebral disc, causing the intervertebral disc degeneration, proving the mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration by the process of intervention. However, pathogenesis of human intervertebral disc degenerative disease is complex and has not been determined, so the current animal models are not comprehensive simulation of human intervertebral disc degenerative disease.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of arsenic trioxide(As 2 O 3 )on the encoding protein expressions of nm23and P53in gastric cancer cells and to study the anti-canecer mechanism of which in the tumor.METHODS:A control group and a test group were set up.The expressions of gene coding proteinum nm23and P53of the gastric cancer cells cultured in vitro by the action of As 2 O 3 were determined by immunohistochemistry method.RESULTS:The expression levels of nm23and P53in gastric cancer cells have been lowered compared with the control group.CONCLUSION:As 2 O 3 can exert its anti-tumor effect by decreasing the expression of gene coding proteinum of nm23and P53.

Objective To observe the pathologic changes of ganglion cell and nerve plexus in internal anus sphincter of rats with congenital anorectal malformations (ARM).Methods Healthy and pregnant Wistar-Imammichi rats were induced to ARM by ethylene thiourea (ETU). There were 67 rats with ARM at all. The pelvis was continuously cut from the exactly midsagittal plane. The HE staining was performed, and the numbers of the ganglion cell and nerve plexus in the internal anus sphincter were observed under the microscope.Results The average numbers of the ganglion cell and nerve pluxes in the ARM embryos were (1.206±0.012) and (0.308±0.051). Those of the normal control embryos were (3.710±0.043) and (1.227±0.072) respectively. There was a significant difference between two groups ( P<0.05～0.01). While, those of the embryos without ARM which dealt with ETU were (3.012±0.032) and (1.187±0.004) respectively, didn't differ from the normal control embryos.Conclusion The decrease of the ganglion cell and the nerve plexus in internal anus sphincter is an important pathologic change of ARM.

Objective To investigate the effects of 810 nm semi-conductor laser irradiation on the proliferation of olfactory ensheathing cells in vitro. Methods Olfactory ensheathing cells obtained from adult rat olfactory mucosa using the method based on different rates of attachment were irradiated with a semi-conductor laser ( wave length 810 nm; power density 10.3 mW/cm2) for 30, 60 or 120 seconds. Laser irradiation was performed 3 times with a 24 h interval. After the last irradiation, the cells were cultured. At the 3rd, 5th and 8th day of cell culture,cell proliferation was assessed with cell counts and a methylthiazoletetrazolium ( MTT) colorometric method. Results After 3 days of cell culture, the number of cells and average MTT values showed no statistically significant difference between the irradiated and control groups. At the Sth and 8th day, the differences among all the laser exposure groups and with the control group were significant, except for the average MTT values of the control group and the 30 s exposure group. Maximal effect was achieved with a 60 s exposure. Conclusions Low power laser irradiation can stimulate the proliferation of olfactory ensheathing cells in vitro, and the effect is time-dose dependent. The optimal irradiation time was found to be 60 s daily for 3 times, with a 24 h interval.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, animal models of lumbar disc degeneration have been popularized to explore the effect of tissue engineering, cel engineering and genetic engineering technologies on intervertebral disc degeneration.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of biological patches on rabbit anulus fibrosus repair.
METHODS:L3-4, L4-5, L5-6 segments from rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group (the intervertebral disc was exposed correspondingly), control group (the annulus fibrosus was only cut with a surgical scalpel) and experimental group (the annulus fibrosus was cut and sutured with the surgical biomaterial). Six rabbits were selected randomly to take the lumbar X-ray and MRI preoperatively and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks postoperatively; one rabbit was chosen preoperatively and three rabbits selected respectively at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks postoperatively to execute hematoxylin-eosin and type II colagen immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At postoperative 1, 2 and 4 weeks, the disc height index decreased significantly in the control and experimental groups. MRI and histopathological examination showed that the T2WI signal intensity and hematoxylin-eosin grading were both increased significantly in the control and experimental groups at 2 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05). With time, the number of nucleus pulposus cels gradualy reduced in the control and experimental groups. Annulus fibrosus defects were filed with granulation and fibrous tissues, and the biofilm was tightly fused with the annulus fibrosus. Findings from the type II colagen immunohistochemical staining showed that the histological staining of the nucleus pulposus was gradualy changed from positive to negative in the experimental and control groups. Therefore, cutting the annulus fibrosus can lead to severe disc degeneration at early period, and surgical biomaterials can be integrated with the annulus fibrosus wel to seal annulus fibrosus defects and further prevent nucleus pulposus protrusion. However, this approach cannot restrain the continuous process of disc degeneration.

To explore the therapeutic effect of micro-traumatic surgery of loose seton and cutting seton by rubber bands in the treatment of high anorectal fistulae.Application of cutting seton (truss rubber bands) implemented the high part of fistulae and loose seton (ligation rubber band but non-fastened) for the low part of fistulae.133/136 patients undergoing micro-traumatic surgery were cured by one operation,2 cases had pseudo-healing and there was 1 recurrent case.And the curative rate was 97.8％.The microtraumatic surgery of loose seton and cutting seton by rubber bands in the treatment of high anorectal fistula has such multiple advantages as small incision,minor trauma,lesser pain,faster healing and a shorter course of treatment.And it may preserve the proper anal function and the integrity of anal skin.And its clinical efficacy is satisfactory.

BACKGROUND:So far, the pathogenesis of discogenic low back pain is poorly understood. A great diversity of therapeutic means is developed for discogenic low back pain, but the therapeutic outcomes are mixed. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in mechanisms and repair of intervertebral disc degeneration in recent years. METHODS: The first author retrieved the PubMed and CNKI databases for relevant articles published before November 2014 using the keywords of “disc degeneration factor, discogenic low back pain, disc degeneration therapy” in English and Chinese, respectively. Initialy, 78 relevant articles were retrieved, but only 30 articles were included in result analysis folowing elimination of duplicate studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The relatively respected factors for intervertebral disc degeneration include changes in morphology, inflammatory neurotransmitters and the extracelular matrix as wel as role of growth factors. The treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration stil focuses on the morphological restoration. Some surgical therapies, including percutaneous disc decompression, interbody fusion, artificial disc replacement, dynamic stabilization system, have the exact effects on the symptoms due to intervertebral disc degeneration.