Objective　The microvasculature of the anterior lobe, posterior lobe and cerebellar vermis was observed under the optical microscope in 6 rats. Methods　The tannic acid-ferric chloride method (TAFM) was used to stain the vessels in cerebellum. Results　The arteries within the cortex and medulla of the cerebellum originated from pia mater arteries and central branches of the cerebellar arteries, the branches of pia mater arteries mostly penetrated into the cerebellar cortex vertically and formed capillary net in the molecular layer, purkinje layer and granular layer, the arteriole in the medulla of cerebellar posterior lobe branched and formed clawed-like figurations. These vessels beneath lobule cortex connected mutually by vessel anatomosis across the medulla. Conclusion　The arteriole in the cerebellum can be manifested distinctly in a strong three-dimension by TAFM and the vessel anatomosis in deep layer of cerebellum can be easily observed.

Aiming at the nonlinear system identification problem, a parallel recursive affine projection (AP) adaptive algorithm for the nonlinear system based on Volterra series is presented in this paper. The algorithm identifies in parallel the Volterra kernel of each order, recursively estimate the inverse of the autocorrelation matrix for the Volterra input of each order, and remarkably improve the convergence speed of the identification process compared with the NLMS and conventional AP adaptive algorithm based on Volterra series. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method in this paper is efficient.

BACKGROUND: Radix astragali has the effect of protecting cells from damage in ischemic reperfusion, whether pre-treatment with radix astragali can protect myocardial eells from apoptosis in ischemic reperfusion ? OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pre-treatment with radix astragali on apoptosis and its relative genes in rats with ischemic myocardial reperfusion DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial taking Wistar rats as experimental subjects.SETTING: The Basic Medical Department of Chengde Medical College and the Geriatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Imunnohistochemical Laboratory of Basic Medical Institute in Chengde Medical College from February to December in 2004. A total of 30 healthy male Wistar rats were selected, and at random classified as groups of radix astragali pre-treated (radix astragali), ischemic reperfusion and psuedo-operated (control), 10 rats for each group.METHODS: Radix astragali injection was given peritonealy for rats in radix astragali pre-treated group before operation, and the equivalent normai saline was given for those in ischemic reperfusion and psuedo-operated groups. One week later, the model of ischemic reperfusion was set up. After operation the myocardia in marginal zone of ischemic reperfusion were sampled, and the myocardia of the corresponding zone were taken for control group. The method of terminal (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used for assay of myocardial apoptosis rate, and the ABC immunohistochemical method was used for assay of myocardial bcl-2 (inhibiting apoptosis gene) and bax (promoting apoptosis gene).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Apoptosis rates, and expression of bcl2 and bax genes of myocardia RESULTS: ① Apoptosis rate of myocardial cells: The rate in radix astragali group was decreased compared with that in ischemic reperfusion group [ (14.06 ±9.97) ％, (19.34±12.30) ％, t = 1.863, P ＜ 0.05].② Expression of bcl-2: There was no significant difference between radix astragali and ischemic reperfusion groups[(9.14±4.46) ％, (8.99±4.54) ％, P ＜ 0.05].③ Expression of bax: The expression in radix astragali group was decreased compared with that in ischemic reperfusion group [(12.65 ±7.23)％,(18.12±7.92) ％, t = 2.096, P ＜ 0.05]CONCLUSION: Pre-treatment with radix astragali can down-regulate the expression of promoting apoptosis gene so as to reduce the rate of myocardial cell apoptosis, hence it can protect the myocardial cells in ischemic reperfusion.

Objective To evaluate the safety,efficacy,experience and techniques of percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL) in treating renal staghorn calculi.Methods The clinical data of 60 patients with staghorn renal stone who underwent PCNL were analyzed retrospectively.Results The stone free rate was 68.3％(41/60) in the first procedure.Three patients were performed a secondary procedure.The stone free rate was 73.3％ (44/60) in the second procedure.The total stone free rate was 93.3％(56/60) after the procedure of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL).Conclusions PCNL is a safe and effective method for the staghorn renal calculi.The stone free rate may be improved with skilled operation experience and combination with ESWL and/or URL.

Chaihu Injection (CI), which is widely used in treatment of febrile diseases, is an aqueous solution of Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri Chinensis) or Nanchaihu (Radix Bupleuri Scorzonerifolii) prepared by steam distillation.

Interactions between noroviruses (NoVs) and the receptors of histo-blood group antigens (HB-GAs) affect the infectivity and host susceptibility of NoVs. We elucidated the binding profile of a GII. 12 NoV to HBGAs. First, we synthesized the P domain sequence of the GII. 12 NoV strain Pune (GenBank accession number EU921353). Protein of the P domain was expressed in a prokaryotic system. Formation of the P particle was monitored by gel-filtration chromatography. Antiserum was prepared by immunization of mice with GII. 12 P particles. The binding profile of the GII. 12 NoV Pune strain was determined by binding of the P particle with a panel of saliva samples with various known HBGAs phenotypes. The GII. 12 NoV was bound strongly to saliva samples of subjects with B and AB types and weakly to A, O secretor, and non-secretor saliva samples, suggesting higher affinity with B antigen by GII. 12 NoV. These results were consistent with those determined by a previous crystallography study of GII. 12 NoV. These data suggested that individuals with B and AB blood types may be more susceptible to infection by GII. 12 NoV compared with those with other blood types. Our findings may provide a basis for the prevention and control of an epidemic of GII. 12 NoV.
Animals ; Blood Group Antigens ; metabolism ; Caliciviridae Infections ; metabolism ; virology ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; metabolism ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Norovirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Virus ; metabolism ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To explore the lethal action and possible mechanism of RI-1, a RAD51 inhibitor, on MSH2 deficient colorectal cancer cells.Methods The expression of MSH2 protein level was assessed by Western blot, and the sensibility of human colorectal cancer cells to RI-1 (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol/L)was measured by MTT method.Lentivirus vectors MSH2-shRNA and Neg-shRNA (negative control) were constructed and transfected into HT29 cell.Apoptosis and DNA damage of cells treated with RI-1(40 μmol/L)were detected by flow cytometry and Single cell gel electrophoresis respectively.In addition, the formation of γ-H2AX foci was analyzed by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with control, MSH2-deficient HCT8 cells had obviously apoptosis(P<0.01);in HCT8 and HT29 Shmsh2 cells, tail DNA%, tail length, tail moment and olive tail moment were markedly increased(P<0.05),and the number of γ-H2AX focus were increased(P<0.01).Conclusions RAD51 inhibitor RI-1 selectively kills MSH2 deficient colorectal cancer cells by increasing DNA damage.

Objective To establish a prediction scale of early hematoma expansion (HE) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and evaluate its prediction effectiveness.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical features of 317 ICH patients,admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to May 2018,was performed.Risk factors for early HE after ICH were obtained by multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and independent risk factors with P＜0.05 were used to establish the prediction scale;the assigned scores for each item were derived by parameter estimates (β coefficients) and increased proportionately to the nearest integer.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the discriminating ability of the prediction scale,Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test and calibration curve were used to evaluate its accuracy,and the decision curve analysis was used to evaluate its clinical practicability.Finally,the established prediction scale was applied to this group of patients for verification.Results History of anticoagulants,ultra-early hematoma growth (uHG)≥2.7 mL/h,Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores ≤ 8,and non-enhanced CT (NCCT) signs (island sign,black hole sign,blend sign,niveau formation) existing one or several kinds were independent risk factors for early HE after ICH (P＜0.05);the assigned values of uHG ≥2.7 mL/h,GCS scores ≤ 8,NCCT signs (island sign,black hole sign,blend sign,niveau formation) existing one or several kinds,and history of anticoagulants were 2.5,2.0,2.0,and 4.5,respectively;the total prediction scale scores were 0-11.The area under ROC curve was 0.854 (95％CI:0.803-0.904,P=0.000),and the calibration was high (x2=3.323,P=0.344);decision curve analysis showed high net benefit and wide range of optional threshold probability of the scale.After validating in the development cohort,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the high-risk group (prediction scale ≥4.5) were 0.77,0.85 and 0.83,respectively.Conclusion The prediction scale for early HE after ICH established may provide some references and help for accurate identifying of high-risk individuals of early HE,guiding clinical treatments,and serving clinical trials.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major agent of hand, foot and mouth disease that can cause a severe burden of disease to children. To identify an effective method for the control and prevention of EV71, we studied the effect of exposure to heat and ultraviolet (UV) light upon EV71 inactivation. We found that exposure to 50 degrees C could not inactivate the infectivity of EV71. However, exposure to 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C could inactivate EV71 effectively. EV71 could be inactivated after exposure to UV light at a distance between the sample and a lamp of 30 cm for 30 min or 60 min because viral genomic RNA was destroyed. However, fetal bovine serum (FBS) could attenuate the inactivation proffered by heat and UV light. Attenuation effects of FBS were correlated positively with FBS concentration. Hence, EV71 can be inactivated by exposure to heat and UV light, and our results could provide guidance on prevention of the spread of EV71.
Disinfection ; instrumentation ; methods ; Enterovirus A, Human ; genetics ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Enterovirus Infections ; virology ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Virus Inactivation ; radiation effects

Objective:To explore the expression of miR-216a in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) associated with acute lung injury (ALI) and its influence on endothelial cells permeability.Methods:40 AP patients admitted in Department of Gastroenterology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University from December 2015 to March 2016 were collected and were classified into AP with ALI (AP-ALI group, n=13) and AP without ALI (AP group, n=27) according to the presence or absence of ALI. 8 normal volunteers were enrolled in the control group. Blood samples were collected and the plasma samples were separated. Plasma RNA was extracted. miR-216a level in plasma was detected by RT-PCR. Plasma exosomes were extracted by exosome extraction kit and identified by the electron microscopy. Exosome RNA was extracted. miR-216a level in exosome was detected by RT-PCR. Plasma exosomes of AP-ALI patients were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC, AP-ALI-HUVEC group) and anti-miR-216a transfected HUVECs (AP-ALI-anti-miR-216a HUVEC group) for 24 hours, respectively, and untreated HUVECs served as control group. Trans-endothelium electrical resistance (TEER) was measured by Millicell Ers-2 epithelial volt-ohmmeter to evaluate the cell permeability. Results:RT-PCR results showed that the expression level of plasma miR-216a in AP-ALI group (14.45±1.64) was significantly higher than that in AP group (11.08±1.6) and the control group (5.37±1.54) ( P<0.01). Under electron microscope, plasma exosomes were goblet like vacuoles, with the size of about 50-90 nm. The plasma exosomal miR-216a level in the AP-ALI group (14.03±1.58) was significantly higher than that in the AP group (10.86±1.31) and the control group (5.01±0.79), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The resistance value of HUVEC in the control group was referred as 1, and the resistance ratio of HUVEC in AP-ALI-HUVEC group was 0.74±0.04, which was significantly lower than that of HUVEC in AP-ALI-anti-miR-216a HUVEC group (1.02±0.08), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Conclusions:miR-216a was highly expressed in plasma exosomes of AP patients with ALI. miR-216a can increase endothelial cell permeability, which may be associated with ALI during AP.