Due to the dysontogenesis of the arterial duct wall and the abnormal secretion of prostaglandin,symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus is thus often presented in preterm infants.In the past,Indomethacin or Ibuprofen (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) was always chosen to be the interventional medication.While in recent years,Acetaminophen (prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor) has become another therapeutic option for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus with similar efficacy but less adverse events.The latest research of the mechanism,the therapeutic strategy of time,mode,dosage and duration,the efficacy and the adverse events of Acetaminophen were reviewed.

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; Platelet-Rich Plasma

Objective To study the curative effectiveness of Itraconazole in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following bilateral lung transplantation.Methods One patients undergoing bilateral lung transplantation was readmitted at 8-month postoperatively due to cough, sputum, and fever. Sputum culture reported positive Aspergillus flavus. Chest X-ray manifested bilateral lung infiltration. Chest CT scan showed multiple small cavities. Itraconazole (Sporanox) therapy was performed.Results Sputum smear and culture reported negative aspergillus at sixth of Itraconazole therapy. Patient’s symptoms after Itraconazole treatment for 10 days were improved obviously. Chest CT scan showed the lung lesion still existed. After treatment by Itraconazole, FK506 dosage was decreased from 3 mg, twice a day to 0.5 mg, once a day.Conclusion Pulmonary aspergillosis is an important complication following lung transplantation. Itraconazole therapy can effectively treat invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following bilateral lung transplantation. Blood drug concentration monitoring indicated the dosage of FK506 was significantly decreased after Itraconazole therapy.

Objective To investigate whether endothelial function was impaired in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DC). Methods Flow mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin mediated dilation (NMD) were measured using high-resolution ultrasound technique in 40 patients with DC and 42 controls without DC.Results In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, FMD as well as NMD were much reduced compared with controls [(2 32?2 10)% vs(7 87?4 15)%,P

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; therapeutic use ; Peptide Fragments ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUND: Essential tremor is a kind of dyskinesia disease with a tendency to heredity. β-adnephrin receptor blocker is mainly used for treatment, but the dosage was great, patients could not persist in treatment. Hydrochloric-acid arotinolol, which characterizes by little side effect, is a β-receptor blocking agent combined with blocking effect of α receptor, and is an ideal drug to treat essential tremor in Japan.OBJECTIVE: To observe the reliability and curative effect of hydrochloric-acid arotinolol on essential tremor among Chinese people.DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Neurological Departments of Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Public Health and General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 30 patients with essential tremor, 19 males and 11 females, aged from 21 to 74 years, with course of 1-40 years, average of (15.8±12.6) years, were selected from Neurological Departments of Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Public Health and General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from April 1999 to December 2000.METHODS: Tremor degree of upper limb, caput and lower limb, degree of dysfunction of hand, tremor degree of hand during writing and circling, and chief complaint of pain caused by tremor were scored before medication and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after medication. Scores were determined as 1 point, 2 points and 3 points according to mild, moderate and severe degree respectively. Evaluated criteria: ① Obviously effective: Differences were more than 7 points before and after treatment. ② Effective: Differences were 6.5-3 points before and after treatment. ③ A little effective: Differences were 3-1.5 points before and after treatment. ④ No changes: Differences were from 1 to -1 points before and after treatment. ⑤ Worse: Differences were less than -1.5 points before and after treatment. Meanwhile, blood pressure and heart rate of patients and side effect of drug were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of effective evaluation; ②Blood pressure and heart rate before and after treatment; ③ Adverse events and side effect.RESULTS: Totally 30 patients entered the final analysis. ① Among 30 patients with essential tremor, 6 had obvious effect, 11 had effect, 5 had a little effect, 7 had no effect, and 1 was worse. ② Average of blood pressure before treatment was (138.5±14.6)/(84.2±6.4) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), and was (130±10)/(79.7±6.3) mm Hg after 1 course. Average heart rate was (77.5±6.4) times/minute before treatment and (75±6.4) times/minute after treatment. The difference was not significant. ③ Among 30 patients, 4 had side effect at various degrees which was accounted for 13.4%; 1 had distress after medication, 1 had agrypnia, 2 had fullness in head and dizziness, and 1 gave up the treatment because of deteriorated tremor.CONCLUSION: Hydrochloric-acid arotinolol can improve tremor symptom of patients obviously and is an effective drug to treat essential tremor with convenient and safe medication.

Objective To analyze the clinical and radiographic outcomes of staged reduction and fixation in a consecutive series of patients with the old Lisfranc injuries. Methods Fifty patients (16 feet) with Lisfranc injuries were treated with staged reduction. Mean duration between injury and surgery was 4. 8month ( 3 to 8 month) . In first stage an external fixator was applied across the Lisfranc joint and distraction was done at 1 milliliter per day to 2 milliliter per day. In the second staged the ORIF ( open reduction and internal fixation) was doneand we were able to reduce all the fractures and dislocations. Extra-Articular screws and staple fixation were used for fixation. We compared categorical variables using Fisher’ s exact test and continuous variables using paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results All patients were followed up 1 to 3 years ( mean 2. 2 years) in the clinic. The visual analogue scale score averaged 3. 1 points at the final follow-up, the average AOFAS scores for these patients were 55. 8 points ( range, 43 to 98 points), with a significant increase than before surgery ( P=0. 001). The mean duration between two surgeries was 3. 2 weeks (range 2. 5-4. 5 weeks). Anatomic reduction was obtained in all 15 patients. At the last follow-up, 2 patients had lost reduction. Posttraumatic osteoarthritis was observed in 5 patients, and all of them were scheduled for arthrodesis because of persistent pain. Conclusions The study have displayed that staged reduction and Extra-Articular fixation should be considered for old Lisfranc injuries with a good reduction, the firm stability, low risk of intraoperative fracture. The short-term effectiveness is good, but the long-term effectiveness needs further follow-up.

Objective To study the expression of transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF -β1 )in myocardial tissue and the concentration of serum B -type natriuretic peptide (BNP)in myocardial remodeling of SD rats induced by isoproterenol (ISO)and the effects of carvedilol intervention.Methods According to random number table,30 male SD rats were divided into 3 groups:(1 )after 9 g/L saline was injected with 5 mL/(kg·d)for 1 0 days,9 g/L sa-line was used at the dose of 1 0 mL/(kg·d)by way of gavage for 4 weeks in the control group (n =1 0);(2)after ISO was injected with 5 mg/(kg·d)for 1 0 days,9 g/L saline was used at the dose of 1 0 mL/(kg·d)by way of gavage for 4 weeks in the model group (n =1 0);(3)after ISO was injected with 5 mg/(kg·d)for 1 0 days,carvedilol was used at the dose of 1 0 mg/(kg·d)by way of gavage for 4 weeks in the treatment group (n =1 0).Then,all the rats were killed and the cardiac weight index (CWI)was measured.The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were ob-served through HE staining and Masson staining.The mRNA expression of TGF -β1 was detected by adopting reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction.The protein of TGF -β1 was detected by means of immunohistochemistry and Western blot.The concentration of serum BNP was tested by adopting enzyme -linked immuno sorbent assay.Results (1 )Pathological changes by light microscope:no significant pathological changes were observed in myocardial tissue of the control group.The denaturization,hypertrophy,edema,necrosis of myocardial cells and collagen fibers increased in myocardial tissue of the model group were more serious than those of the treatment group.(2)CWI:CWI of the model group[(3.31 ±0.07)mg/g]was significantly higher than that of the treatment group[(3.03 ±0.04)mg/g],and CWI of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group[(2.98 ±0.1 0)mg/g].There was significant difference among 3 groups (F =54.383,P =0.000).There was also significant difference between any 2 groups (all P <0.01 ).(3)The level of TGF -β1 of myocardial tissue:the level of TGF -β1 of the model group was significantly higher than that of the treatment group,and the level of TGF -β1 of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group by using three detection methods.There was significant difference among 3 groups (F=1 3.62,P =0.000).There was also significant difference between any 2 groups (all P <0.01 ).(4)The concentration of serum BNP:the concentration of serum BNP of the model group[(61 .1 3 ±2.00)ng/L]was significantly higher than that of the treatment group[(57.08 ±1 .52)ng/L],and the concentration of serum BNP of the treatment group was sig-nificantly higher than that of the control group[(51 .56 ±1 .80)ng/L].There was significant difference among 3 groups (F =72.81 ,P =0.000).There also was significant difference between any 2 groups (all P <0.01 ).Conclusions The expression of TGF -β1 in myocardial tissue was up -regulated and the concentration of serum BNP was increased in my-ocardial remodeling of SD rats induced by ISO.The carvedilol intervention can down -regulate the expression of TGF -β1 and decrease the concentration of BNP,then inhibit myocardial remodeling,and improve cardiac function.

OBJECTIVE:To study inhibitory effects of propofol on PC12 cells injury induced by glutamic acid via mitogen-acti-vated protein kinase/extra-cellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signal pathway. METHODS:PC12 cells were randomized into normal control group,model group(10 mmol/L glutamic acid),propofol low-concentrations,medium-concentrations and high-con-centrations groups(12.5,25,50 μmol/L+10 mmol/L glutamic acid). The optical density of cells,cell apoptosis,the phosphoryla-tion of ERK1/2 and the expression of c-fos,Bax,Bcl-2 were detected after treated with relevant medicine for 48 h. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,optical density of cells,the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 decreased in model group (P<0.01);apoptotic rate,the expression of c-fos and Bax increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group,optical density of cells,the expression of Bcl-2 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased in propofol group (P<0.01);apoptosis rate,the ex-pression of c-fos and Bax decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were statistical significant between the different concentrations (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Propofol can inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by glutamic acid,which is associated with the up-regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

Objective To investigate the association between gene polymorphism of sortilinrelated receptor 1 (SORL1) and Alzheimer' s disease by detecting a series of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).Methods The Snapshot method was used to genotypc 6 SNPs (SNP10,19,23,24,25,27) in SORL1 and the distributions of allele and genotype of the 6 SNPs were compared between AD patients and healthy control individuals.Results There were significant differences in the genotype distributions of SNP19,23,24 and 25 between AD patients and control group (all P＜0.01).Subjects with TT genotype in SNP19 had significantly lower risk for AD and was protective for AD (OR=0.089,95％CI:0.011-0.718,P＜0.01).The AT genotype in SNP23 (OR＝3.826,95％CI:1.388～10.544,P＜0.01),CT genotype in SNP24(OR=5.935,95％CI:1.774-19.853,P＜0.01)and CT genotype in SNP25(OR=5.754,95％CI:2.007-16.496,P＜0.01)had higher risks for AD.Conclusions SORL1 gene variants of SNP19,23,24 and 25 might be the important risk factors for late-onset AD.